JAZZ TutorialThis Jazz tutorial is a reminder of Jazz
Techniques.
Have fun.
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JAZZ TutorialHow is made the natural scale (Physical scale) ?
The « C » major scale is made of: C chord (C-E-G), =>1f, 5/4f, 3/2f F chord (F-A-C) , =>4/3f, 5/3f, 2f G chord (G-B-D). =>3/2f, 15/8f, 9/4f
1f 5/4f 3/2f 2f 5/2f 3f 4f 5f 6f 7f 8fC1 E1 G1 C2 E2 G2 C3 E3 G3 ? C4
2/3f 10/12f 1f 3/2f 15/8f 9/4fF0 A0 C1 G1 B1 D2
fn+1/fn 9/8 10/9 16/15 9/8 10/9 9/8 16/151f 9/8f 5/4f 4/3f 3/2f 5/3f 15/8f 2f
Natural scale C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 A1 B1 C2
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JAZZ TutorialTempered scale
The tempered scale was necessary to perform tone shift.
Notes C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 A1 B1 C2
Ecart 1,125 1,111 1,125 1,111 1,125Ecart 9/8 10/9 9/8 10/9 9/8Fréquence Gamme Naturelle 1 1,125 1,25 1,33333 1,5 1,66667 1,875 2Fréquence Gamme Naturelle 1f 9/8f 5/4f 4/3f 3/2f 5/3f 15/8f 2f
Ecart 1,122 1,122 1,122 1,122 1,122Ecart 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6)Fréquences gamme Tempérée 1,000 1,059 1,122 1,189 1,260 1,335 1,414 1,498 1,587 1,682 1,782 1,888 2,000
Delta% (F Nat-F Temp)/F Temp 0,00% -0,23% 0,79% 0,11% -0,11% 0,90% 0,68% 0,00%Rang des demis-tons 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Racine Douzième de 2: 1,059
Racine Douzieme de 2 au carré: 2^(1/6) 1,12246
2^(1/12) 2^(1/12)
16/151,067
16/151,067
1,059 1,059
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JAZZ Tutorial The Intervals in a major scale
Whole-tone (wt) Semi-tones (st)
1 C 1wt
2 Dwt 3m
3 E 34 F
wt 5b5 G 5
wt 5#6 A 7Dim
wt 77 B 7M8 C 8
st
st
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JAZZ Tutorial The Intervals including 9, 11, 13
1 C 1wt
2 9 D 9wt 3m
3 E 34 11 F 4, 11
wt 5b5 G 5
wt 5#6 13 A 6, 7Dim, 13
wt 77 B 7M8 C 8
st
st
You will pay attention to the equivalence between:4th and 11th
6th and 7Dim and 13th
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JAZZ TutorialThe degrees of C Major Scale
7Maj => C, F (I, IV)
m7 => D, E, A (II, III, VI)
7 => G (V)
75b => B (VII)Remark:
The fifth is always 3.5 Wt from the fundamental except for the last degree (Bm75b).
I II III IV V VI VIIC Major C 7Maj D m7 Em 7 F7Maj G 7 Am 7 Bm7 5b
C 1
D 1
E 3 1F 3m 1
G 5 3m 1
A 5 3 1
B 7M 5 3 1C 7 5 3m
D 7 5 3m
E 7M 5F 7 5b
G 7
A 7
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JAZZ TutorialC Harmonic Minor (Eb relative)
I II III IV V VI VIIHarmonic Cm 7M Dm 75b Eb 7M5+ Fm 7 G 7 Ab 7Maj B 7Dim
C 1
E 1Eb 3m 1
F 3m 1
G 5 3 1Ab 5b 3m 1
B 7M 5# 3 1C 7 5 3
D 7M 5 3mEb 7 5
F 7 5b
G 7MAb 7Dim
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JAZZ TutorialC Melodic Minor (Eb relative)
I II III IV V VI VIIMelodic C m7M D m7 Eb 7M5+ F 7 G 7 A m75b B m75b
C 1
D 1Eb 3m 1
F 3m 1
G 5 3 1
A 5 3 1
B 7M 5# 3 1C 7 5 3m
D 7M 5 3mEb 7 5b
F 7 5b
G 7
A 7
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JAZZ TutorialMajor, Harmonic & Melodic Scales
I II III IV V VI VIIC Major C 7Maj D m7 Em 7 F7Maj G 7 Am 7 Bm7 5b
C Harmonic Cm 7M Dm 75b Eb 7M5+ Fm 7 G 7 Ab 7Maj B 7Dim
C Melodic C m7M D m7 Eb 7M5+ F 7 G 7 A m75b B m75b
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JAZZ TutorialMajor & Minor Scales
8 9 11 131 2 3 4 5 6 7
Major C D E F G A BLydien (G) C D E F+ G A BLydien b7 C D E F+ G A B- C Lydien b7 = G Melodic Minor
Myxolidien (F) C D E F G A B- Idem Major b7
Major Pentatonic C D E G ATonic C D E F+ G+ A+
Melodic Minor C D E- F G A B C Melodic Minor = F Lydien b7Harmonic Minor C D E- F G A- B
Dorian (Bb) C D E- F G A B- Idem Melodic Minor b7Phrygien (Ab) C D- E- F G A- B-
Minor Pentatonic C E- F G B-7 Dim C E- G- B--
Maj
orM
inor
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JAZZ TutorialModal scales
1 2,9 3 4,11 5 6,13 7 7M 8C: Ionian C D E F G A B C CD: Dorian D E F G A B C D C m, 7, 9, 13E: Phrygian E F G A B C D E C m, 7,9-,13-F: Lydian F G A B C D E F C M, 7M, 9, 11+, 13G: Mixolydian G A B C D E F G C M, 7, 9, 13A: Aeolian A B C D E F G A C m, 7,9, 13-B: Locrian B C D E F G A B C m, 5-, 7,9-,13-
1 2,9 3 4,11 5 6,13 7 7M 8C: Ionian C D E F G A B C CC: Dorian C D Eb F G A Bb C Bb m, 7, 9, 13C: Phrygian C Db Eb F G Ab Bb C Ab m, 7,9-,13-C: Lydian C D E F+ G A B C G M, 7M, 9, 11+, 13C: Mixolydian C D E F G A Bb C F M, 7, 9, 13C: Aeolian C D Eb F G Ab Bb C Eb m, 7,9, 13-C: Locrian C Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb C Db m, 5-, 7,9-,13-
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JAZZ TutorialExample of tonal Analysis « Blusette » Chord tonal analysis
1 1 G 7Maj Em7 F#m75b B7 (DS Em7) G5 Em7 A9 D7 Dm7 G7 C7 7Maj C6 C11 Cm7 F9 Bb 7Maj7 Bb 6 Bb15 Bbm7 Eb9 Ab 7Maj Ab 6 Ab19 A m11 D13 G21 B m7 A22 Bb 7 (Sub E7) A23 A m7 G24 Go 1 Ab 7 (Sub D7) G
2 Bm7 E7 AGo 1 Am 11 D13 G
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JAZZ TutorialExample of tonal Analysis
« Bluesette » Chord degrees You will notice the (I VI VII DS, II V I) cadences
1 1 G.I G.VI G.VII B7 (DS) G5 D.II D.V D7 C.II C.V C.I C.I C11 Bb.II Bb.V Bb.I Bb.I Bb15 Ab.II Ab.V Ab.I Ab.I Ab19 G.II G.V G21 A.II A.V A23 Go 1 G.II G.V G
2 A.II A.V AGo 1 G.II G.V G
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JAZZ TutorialExample of tonal Analysis
« Bluesette » Chord degrees It can also be seen as a Em Harmonic (III I II V)
1 1 Em.III Em.I Em.II Em.V Em5 D.II D.V D7 C.II C.V C.I C.I C11 Bb.II Bb.V Bb.I Bb.I Bb15 Ab.II Ab.V Ab.I Ab.I Ab19 G.II G.V G21 A.II A.V A23 Go 1 G.II G.V G
2 A.II A.V AGo 1 G.II G.V G
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JAZZ Tutorial# & b (sharps and flats)
C# D# E# F# G# A# B#F# G# A# B C# D# E#B C# D# E F# G# A#E F# G# A B C# D#A B C# D E F# G#D E F# G A B C#G A B C D E F#C D E F G A BF G A Bb C D EBb C D Eb F G AEb F G Ab Bb C DAb Bb C Db Eb F GDb Eb F Gb Ab Bb CGb Ab Bb Cb Db Eb FCb Db Eb Fb Gb Ab Bb
In green Sharps appearance
In yellow Flats appearance
Scales
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JAZZ TutorialC G
D
A
E
BF#C#
F
Bb
Eb
Ab
DbGb
Cb
Fifth+5
Fourth+4
F#
F# C#
F# C# G#
F# C#G# D#
F# C#G# D#A#
F# C#G# D#A# E#
F# C# G# D# A# E# B#
Bb
Bb Eb
Bb EbAb
Bb EbAb Db
Bb EbAb DbGb
Bb EbAb DbGb Cb
Bb EbAb DbGb CbFb
•Turning clockwise you are going up by an Interval of a perfect fifth.•Turning conterclockwise you are going up by an Interval of a perfect fourth.
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JAZZ Tutorial Flats and Sharps appearance
Did you notice that the order of Sharps is exactly the same that Flats but backwards
Also, the first 4 flats => BEAD !
Flats appearance
Sharps appearance
BEADGCF
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JAZZ Tutorial
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JAZZ TutorialA Harmonic Minor (C relative)
You will note the 1.5 wt between 6th and 7th degrees which is a characteristic of the Harmonic minor.
This scale is built with the C scale starting by A, the provides a 3m for C.Remark:
The fifth is changing frequently (5,5b,5#)
I II III IV V VI VIIHarmonic Am 7M Bm75b C 7M5+ Dm 7 E 7 F 7Maj G# 7Dim
A 1
B 1C 3m 1
D 3m 1
E 5 3 1F 5b 3m 1
G# 7M 5# 3 1A 7 5 3
B 7M 5 3mC 7 5
D 7 5b
E 7MF 7Dim
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JAZZ TutorialA Melodic Minor (C relative)
The A melodic minor is relative to C, but it can also be seen as a A scale (F#,C#,G#)
with natural C.
I II III IV V VI VIIMelodic Am 7M Bm 7 C 7M5+ D 7 E7 F#m 75b G#m 75b
A 1
B 1C 3m 1
D 3m 1
E 5 3 1
F# 5 3 1
G# 7M 5# 3 1A 7 5 3m
B 7M 5 3mC 7 5b
D 7 5b
E 7
F# 7
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JAZZ TutorialChord substitution
37 1
3
5
7
1
3
7
1
G 7
Db 7
3 7
Db 7 has the same Harmonic function
•7th replaced by 3rd
•3rd replaced by 7th
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JAZZ TutorialSymmetric scales
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2C D E F G A B
12/2=6 ST C F+
12/3=4 ST C E G+
12/4=3 ST (7 Dim) C D+ F+ A
12/5=2,4 ST (Pentatonic) C D E G A
12/6=2 ST (Tonic) C D E F+ G+ A+
12/12=1 ST (Chromatic) C C+ D D+ E F F+ G G+ A A+ B
On the 6 scalesdescribed here, only5 scales are really symmetric.
The Pentatonic isn’treally symmetric, but it was interesting to introduce this scale here.
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JAZZ TutorialSymmetric Guitar Patterns
2 scores (F+, C) per scale.All intervals of the scale are 3 full tones.
4 scores (F+, A, C, D+) per scale.All intervals of the scale are 3 Half tones.This scale is called a diminished 7th scale.
I V VII X XII2 T (C, F+) C
F+
C F+
F+
C
F+C
F+ C
C
C
F+
I V VII X XII4 T (C, D+, F+, A) C D+
F+ AC D
F+ AC D+
F+ A
D
F+
CA
D+A
F+
C
C D+AF+
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JAZZ TutorialSymmetric Guitar Patterns
3 scores (G+, C, E) or (A+, D, F+) per scale.All intervals of the scale are 2 full tones.
6 scores (G+, A+, C, D, E, F+) per scale.All intervals of the scale are 1 Full tone.
I V VII X XII3 T (C, E, G+) F+ G+ A+
E F+G+ C D
E G+ A+C E F+
G+ C D
DE
G+
F+F+
A+
G+
CG+
E
CG+
EC
F+D
A+F+
DA+
F+D
C
I V VII X XII6 T (C, D, E, F+, G+, A+) G+ A+
E F+G+ A+ C D
E F+ G+ A+C D E F+
G+ A+ C D
DCA+G+
EF+
DC
A+G+F+E
DCA+G+
F+E
DC
A+G+F+
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JAZZ TutorialSymmetric Guitar Patterns
I V VII X XII4 T (C, F, F+, B) C
FB
F+
C F+
F+
C
F+C
F+ C
C
C
F+
B
F
BF
BF
B
F
4 scores (C, F, F+, B) or also called Tetratonic
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JAZZ TutorialHalf/Full tone scale
F+ G G+ A A+ B C C+ D D+ E F F+ G G+ A A+ B C C+ D D+ E F F+ GBm75b 7 1 3m 5- 7 1 3m 5-
B7dim=G#dim 7- 1 3m 5- 7- 1 3m 5-
G7 dim => 1/2, 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XVersus G7 1 9b 9+ 3 11+ 5 13 7 1
G7 dim => 1, 1/2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XVersus G7 7M 1 9 9+ 11 11+ 13b 13 7M 1
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JAZZ TutorialGuitar positions on Dm7 & G7
On Dm7=> F-A-C-E (3, 5, 7, 9)I V VII X XII
F
A C
ED
B
F
A C
ED
B
F
A
E
C
F
A
C
E
B
D
B D
On G7 => Eb-B-Bb-Ab-G (13b, 3, 3m, 9b, 1)I V VII X XII
G BA-
E-
B-
A-
E-
G
B
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JAZZ TutorialC Scales patterns
I V VII X XII
F
E
D
B
F
A
C
E
F
A
C
E
C
G
B
D
B D
G
G
I V VII X XII
F
ED
B
F
A
C
E
F
A
C
E
CB
B
G
G
A
D
D
G
(St, t) pattern => BCD, EFG, …
(t, st) pattern => ABC, DEF, …
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Renversement Am7
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Renversement A7
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Renversement A7Maj
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Renversement Dm7
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Am7, B°, C6, C#°, Dm7
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