Japan
Political Culture
1. Homogeneity2. Uniqueness3. Isolation4. Borrowing5. Geography6. Communitarian7. Adaptability/Organizational skills8. Emperor9. Power is behind the scenes
1. Homogeneity
• 98% Japanese
• Korean and Chinese minority
• Status of Burakumin
2. Uniqueness
3. IsolationFrom: 1600/1638
To: 1853
4. Borrowing
Japanese spinTradition on foreign ideas
“Japanification”foreignideas
5. Geography
From: Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, http://tochi.mlit.go.jp/h19hakusho/set_0_eng.htm
6. Communitarian
Individualistic?“The squeaky wheel gets the grease.”
Communitarian?“The nail that sticks up gets hammered
down.”
The role of geography and economics
7. Adaptability and Organizational Skills
Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry data from: http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/challenge/energy/nuclear/p-necess-e.html
8. Emperor
• First Emperor,Jimmu Tenno(660-585 BC),• Great, Great, Great, Grandson of Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess,• National FoundationDay: Feb 11
9. Power behind the Scenes
Tanaka Kakuei
LDP, 1960s-1980s
Ozawa Ichiro
DPJ, 1990s-present
Periods of History
1. 10th-17th: Feudal Japan
2. 1600-1868 Tokugawa Era
3. 1868 Meiji Restoration
4. 1920s-1940s: – Institutionalists vs. Nationalists
1. Feudal Japan
From: Government of Saskatchewan, 7th Grade Curriculum,
http://www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/midlsoc/gr7/74handouts1.html
Samurai Class
Nitobe Inazo, Bushido: The Soul of Japan, 1908
Centralization Grows: Shogun
• Oda Nobunaga 1568-1582
• Toyotomi Hideyoshi 1582-1598– Unified Japan 1590– 1598: Tokugawa shogunate vs. Mitsunari
shogunate
Battle of Sekigahara, 1600
Sekigahara Action Figure
2. Tokugawa Era: 1600-1868
Tokugawa Era
• Isolation
• Centralized Feudalism
• Emperor?
Samurai of 1860s
3. Meiji Restoration
• End of isolation
• Restoration and revolution
• Birth of Modern Japan
1853 US Navy in Tokyo Bay
Treaty of Kanagawa, March 31, 1854
Meiji Restoration:Emperor Mutsuhito
1852-1912
Meiji Era: 1867-1912
(enlightened rule)
The Restoration
• 1889 Constitution• Article 1. The Empire of Japan shall be
reigned over and governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal.
• Article 3. The Emperor is sacred and inviolable.
• Article 4. The Emperor is the head of the Empire, combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty...
• Article 11. The Emperor has the supreme command of the Army and Navy.
Power and ExpansionSino-Japanese War 1894-5
Treaty Of Shimonoseki
Russo-Japanese War 1904-5
Treaty of Portsmouth
4. Nationalism and War• Ultranationalists vs. Institutionalists
• Washington Naval Treaty 1922
• London Naval Treaty 1930
• 1931 Manchuria (Manchukuo)
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor
May 1945 Tokyo Firebombing
Tokyo after the Attacks
Hiroshima August 6, 1945
After the bomb
Nagasaki August 9, 1945
Post-War Japanese Government• Surrender, Occupation and Punishment
• US-Japan Security Treaty, 1951 (1952)
Japanese Foreign Minister
Shigemitsu Mamoru
Signing the surrender
Agreement, 9/2/45
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