Carbon has 4 valance electrons and makes four bonds
Carbon combines with many other carbon atoms making chains and rings which other atoms can be attached.
In Chemistry, an organic compound is one containing carbon atoms.
There are a plethora of different organic compounds in our world.
C
C-C
C-C-C
C-C-C-C
C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C-C-C-C-C
Naming Alkane Hydrocarbons
methane
ethane
propane
butane
pentane
hexane
heptane
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
octane
nonane
decane
undecane
dodecane
C C C CC
C
C C
C
The longest chain is octane
The substituents are
methyl
ethyl
C
methyl
ethyl
Number the carbons on the longest chain so
that substituents have the lowest numbers
7 6 5 4
3 2 1
Name using alpha order for substituents
4-ethyl -3-methyl octane
Dashes between a number and a letter
C8
12 3 4 5
too big
start here
6
attachments
C C C C
C
C
C
C1
2
34 5 6
3,3-dimethylhexane
Must use 3 twice because there are 2 methyl groups
methylmethyl
C4H10 has two structural isomers:
CCH3 CH3
CH3
H
CH2CH3 CH2 CH3
The isomers have different connectivity and are different chemicals
Try drawing a different isomer with four carbons
There are no other isomers
Same formula but different structure
The alkane, C5H12 , has three structural isomers.
Try to build three different molecules with 5 carbons and 12 hydrogens (using only single bonds), then draw it.
C5H12 has the following three structural isomers:
CCH3 CH2
CH3
H
CH3
CH2CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
CCH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
CCH3
Question 4: What is the correct IUPAC name?
CH2
CH3
CH2CH3
CH CH2 CH3
CH2 CH2 CH3
3,3–dimethyl-5-ethyloctane
3 5
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