ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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Why ISDN?Why ISDN?
ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network Telephone services -> Telecommunication
services Used for voice, image and data
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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ISDN protocolsISDN protocols
E - series for Telephone network and ISDN I - series for ISDN concepts, aspects and
interfaces
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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ISDN and OSI modelISDN and OSI model
Layer 1 - Physical (2B1Q) Layer 2 - Data Link (Q.920 - Q.923) Layer 3 - Network (Q.930 - Q.939)
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FundamentalsFundamentals
Types of channels– Bearer channel (B-channel=64 kb/s) clear pipe for data
– Delta channel (D-channel, 16 kb/s or 64 kb/s) call signaling information:
who is calling type of call calling what number
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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FundamentalsFundamentals
Service types– Basic Rate Interface (2 B channels + 1 D channel (16
kb/s))
– Primary Rate Interface (30 B channels + 1 D channel (64 kb/s))
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Advantages of ISDNAdvantages of ISDN
Digital– reliable connection
Speed– 128 kb/s (160 kb/s) for BRI
– 1920 kb/s (2048 kb/s) for PRI
Fast call setup– 2 seconds
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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Advantages of ISDN (2)Advantages of ISDN (2)
Bandwidth on Demand– adding new channels to the bundle of channels
Multiple devices– phone, fax, PC, videoconferencing system, router,
terminal adapter,.. each with its own subaddress
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Interfaces and DevicesInterfaces and Devices
TE1
TE2 TA
NT12W4W
ISDN devices
Analog devices:phone, Fax III,...
Rate adaptation
S/T interface U interface
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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Interfaces and DevicesInterfaces and Devices
Interfaces– S/T (4w)– U (2w)
Devices– NT1– TE1 - ISDN devices– TE2 - analog devices (need TA)– TA - Terminal Adapter (rate adaptation (V.110, V.120)
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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Using ISDN for IP Data Using ISDN for IP Data NetworksNetworks
Characteristics– Speed
– Fast call setup
– Bandwidth on Demand
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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Using ISDN for IP Data Using ISDN for IP Data NetworksNetworks
Modes of Usage– Dial Up (LAN or host)
– Bandwidth on Demand
– Backup lines
– Permanent connections
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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Dial UpDial Up
Providers need:– subscribe for PRI connections or multiple BRI
connections
– ISDN Access Server
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ISDN Access ServersISDN Access Servers
Digital modems (accepting analog and ISDN calls)– software busy-out feature
56 kbit/s technologies Rate adaption (V.110, V.120,..) Compression (Stac,..) Synchronous PPP (with CHAP/PAP
authentication)
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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ISDN Access Servers 2ISDN Access Servers 2
PPP Multilink BACP Controlling the number of B-channels per
user D-channel based callback CLIP - Caller Line Identification
Presentation
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56 k Technology56 k TechnologyAccess server
Modem
Telephone switch
Telephone switch
Telephone switch ?
Access server
Modem
Modem
Digital lineAnalog line
<= 33,6 kbps
<= 56 kbpsISDN, E1,..
<= 33,6 kbps
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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56 k Prerequisites56 k Prerequisites
Only one analogue/digital conversion– less noise and faster digital lines
Digital Access Server Same technology in Access Server and in
dial-up modem – K56Flex from Lucent Technologies and Rocwell
– X2 from U.S. Robotics, Texas Instruments and Cirrus Logic
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56 k Considerations56 k Considerations
56 k not reached in reality– 43 kbps practical maximum
Cost for upgrading equipment to ITU standard
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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Dial UpDial Up
Users need for host connections:– subscribe for BRI connection
– ISDN Adapter
Users need for LAN connections– subscribe for PRI or BRI connection
– ISDN router (commercial, PC version with ISDN Adapter,..)
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Dial Up - PrivateDial Up - Private
PC with internal or external ISDN adapter
Internet
ISDN Access server
ISDN connection
ISDN connectionTelephone Network
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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Dial Up - LANDial Up - LAN
ISDN connection
ISDN connection
ISDN router
Internet
LAN
ISDN Access Server
Telephone Network
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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ISDN AdaptersISDN Adapters
Internal/external Active/passive (for internal) Integrated NT Plug for telephone line Integrated modem Synchronous PPP (with CHAP/PAP
authentication)
ISDN, CEENet Workshop '97, Zagreb, August '97
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ISDN Adapters 2ISDN Adapters 2
PPP Multilink Rate adaption (V.110, V.120,..) CAPI Compression (Stac,…)
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ISDN RoutersISDN Routers
Integrated NT Plug for telephone line Integrated modem Synchronous PPP (with CHAP/PAP
authentication) PPP Multilink Compression (Stac,…) Tarrif management
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Bandwidth on DemandBandwidth on Demand
Router to router connections ISDN call setup when leased line
overloaded
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Backup linesBackup lines
Router to router connections ISDN call setup when leased line fails
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EquipmentEquipment
ALL EQUIPMENT COMPATIBLE with existing national ISDN services– Test new equipment first
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Ordering ISDN connectionsOrdering ISDN connections
With or without NT1 Type of NT (NT1, NT1+2ab,…) Types of B-channels (data, voice,both) Usage od D-channel packet data CLIP (Calling Line Identification
Presentation) Standard or comfort services
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National ISDN variationsNational ISDN variations
USA: 5ESS/DMS100/NI-1/NI-2 Europe: NET3 France: VN2/VN3/NET33 Germany: 1TR6/NET3 Japan Australia
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References - URL’sReferences - URL’s
http://www.alumni.caltech.edu/~dank/isdn/ for RFCs:
http://www.alumni.caltech.edu/~dank/isdn/isdn_ai.html#RFCS
http://www.data.com http://www.pacbell.com/products/business/
fastrak/networking/isdn/info/isdn-guide http://www.adtran.com/support/isu/mpfaq.html
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