IONIC BONDING
IONIC BONDING
Wha
t is a
n
Wha
t is a
n io
n?io
n?
An ion: an atom or An ion: an atom or bonded group of bonded group of atoms with a positive atoms with a positive or negative chargeor negative charge
Cation:Cation: A positively A positively charged ioncharged ion
AnionAnion: A negatively : A negatively charged ioncharged ion
+
-
Ioni
c
Ioni
c
Com
poun
d
Com
poun
d
Composed of Composed of positive positive and and negativenegative ions that ions that are combined so that are combined so that the numbers of the numbers of positive and negative positive and negative charges are equalcharges are equal
Prop
ertie
s of I
onic
Prop
ertie
s of I
onic
Compo
unds
Compo
unds
Formed by ionic bondsFormed by ionic bonds Electrons are either Electrons are either
gained or lostgained or lost Have a regular Have a regular
repeating pattern called repeating pattern called a crystal latticea crystal lattice
Formed between metals Formed between metals with nonmetals; cations with nonmetals; cations with anionswith anions
High Melting point and High Melting point and Boiling PointBoiling Point
Conductors of electricity Conductors of electricity Strong bonds; stronger Strong bonds; stronger than covalent bondsthan covalent bonds
Lewis
Structu
res
Lewis
Structu
res
Ionic – show the Ionic – show the transfer of electronstransfer of electrons
Ionic BondIonic Bondan electron is simply transferred to another atom. By doing so,
each atom is able to have a stable valence shell. It is called an
ionic bond because the atoms become ions, a charged atom
that has either lost an electron (positive charge) or has gained
an electron (negative charge). Below is an animation of ionic
bonding:
Ionic NomenclatureIonic NomenclatureIonic FormulasIonic Formulas
Write each ion,Write each ion, cationcation firstfirst
Don’t show charges in the final formula.Don’t show charges in the final formula.
Overall charge Overall charge mustmust equal equal zero.zero.If charges cancel, just write symbols.If charges cancel, just write symbols.If not, use subscripts to balance charges.If not, use subscripts to balance charges.
Ionic FormulasIonic Formulas
UseUse parentheses parentheses to to show more than one show more than one polyatomic ionpolyatomic ion..
Stock SystemStock System – –
Roman numerals Roman numerals indicate the ion’s charge indicate the ion’s charge
used when the ion has used when the ion has more than one oxidation more than one oxidation state.state.
Ionic Nomenclature
Ionic Nomenclature
continued…
continued…
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: Calcium NitrateCalcium Nitrate
CaCa+2+2 NO NO33-1-1
CaCa11(NO(NO33))22
CaCa (NO(NO33))22
1(+2) + 2(-1)= 01(+2) + 2(-1)= 0
Cross the exponent
s only! not the +
or -Do NOT show 1 in the final
formulaPolyatomic
ion NO3 goes in
parentheses
This is your final
formula!
Check for the overall charge to equal zero
potassium chloride
magnesium nitrate
copper(II) chloride
K+ Cl
Mg2+ NO3
Cu2+ Cl
KCl
Mg(NO3)2
CuCl2
Ionic Nomenclature
Ionic Nomenclature
Ionic NomenclatureIonic NomenclatureIonic NamesIonic Names
Write the names of both ions, Write the names of both ions, cationcation first first. .
Change Change endingending of monatomic ions to of monatomic ions to -ide-ide..
Polyatomic ionsPolyatomic ions have special names. have special names.
Stock SystemStock System - Use - Use Roman numerals Roman numerals to to show the ion’s charge if more than one is show the ion’s charge if more than one is possible. Overall charge must equal zero.possible. Overall charge must equal zero.
NaBr
Na2CO3
FeCl3
sodium bromide
sodium carbonate
iron(III) chloride
Ionic Ionic
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Ionic
Ionic
Nomen
clatu
re
Nomen
clatu
re Consider the following:Consider the following:
Does it contain a polyatomic Does it contain a polyatomic ion?ion?
-ide-ide, 2 elements , 2 elements no no
--ateate, , -ite-ite, 3+ elements , 3+ elements yesyes
Does it contain a Roman Does it contain a Roman numeral?numeral?
Assig
nmen
t
Assig
nmen
t
Prov
ide
the
ionic
Prov
ide
the
ionic
com
pound fo
rmula
or t
he
com
pound fo
rmula
or t
he
name
name 1.1. Potassium fluoridePotassium fluoride
2.2. Magnesium phosphideMagnesium phosphide
3.3. Aluminum iodideAluminum iodide
4.4. Nickel II OxideNickel II Oxide
5.5. Lead IV OxideLead IV Oxide
6.6. KK22COCO33
7.7. Pb(NOPb(NO33))22
8.8. CaCa33NN22
9.9. Zn(CN)Zn(CN)22
10.10.AgIAgI
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