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Page 1: Ionic bond,covalent bond and hydrogen bond

Welcome to our presentation:

Presentation Topic:

Ionic Bond

Covalent Bond

Hydrogen Bond

Page 2: Ionic bond,covalent bond and hydrogen bond

IONIC BONDING:

Ionic bonds are a type of chemical

bond based on electrostatic forces

between two oppositely-charged ions.

It is basically the transfer

of one electron from one

atom to another

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Characteristics of Ionic bonding: It is formed by transfer of electron

It is formed between a metal and a nonmetal atom

Consists of electrostic force between (+) and (-) ions

Mechanism of Ionic bond: According to the octet theory when an atom takes part in a chemical bonding it tends to be more stable like the Nobel gas . For that they need to fill with 8 electrons at its valance shell. As Ionic bond made by the transfer of electrons ,the atoms which took part in the bonding neither it will lose electron or gain electron. Metals have 2-3 electrons at valance shell it is easy for them lose electron & non metal are very suitable at electron gaining. After losing electron the metal turns into (+) ion and after gaining electron non metal become (-) ion. The electrostic force between (+) and (-) ions create the Ionic bonding.

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Bonding of NaF:

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In real life we can see this example:

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Covalent bond:This type of chemical bonding is made of Sharing of

electrons among the atoms.

The Sharing of electrons equal among the atoms.

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Characteristics of Covalent bonding:

It is made by sharing of electron

It is formed between non-metal atoms

It is consists of a shared pair of electrons between atoms

Mechanism of covalent bonding:In covalent bonding atoms still want to achieve a noble

gas configuration. But rather than losing or gaining electrons atoms now share an electron pair. The shared electron pair is called a bonding pair electrons.

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Chlorine molecule Cl2

Molecules have no overall electric charge

Molecular or covalent compounds are usually gases or liquids –they have low melting points and low boiling points

Forces between molecules very weak

Forces (bonds) between atoms in the molecule very strong

Each outer shell has 8 electrons

Electrons shared

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It can be shown as:

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Hydrogen bondsA hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an

electronegative atom … N, O or F.

.

A lone pair of electrons on the electronegative atom takes part in bonding with Hydrogen

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Types of Hydrogen bond:

Intramolecular Hydrogen bond:

It occurs with in one single molecule.Example: C2H4(OH)2

Intermolecular Hydrogen bond:

It occurs Between separate molecules.Example:NH3,H2O

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Factors preventing Hydrogen bonding

Electronegativity

Atom Size

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Hydrogen bonds In Water:

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