Introductory Research Skills: A utumn 2011 Sue Bird Bodleian
Subject Librarian Geography
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This session How to cite sources correctly & therefore
avoid plagiarism How to use Reference Management Software Pros
& cons of Google Scholar Introduction to Bibliographic
Databases
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Avoiding Plagiarism "...You must always indicate to the
examiners when you have drawn on the work of others; other people's
original ideas and methods should be clearly distinguished from
your own, and other people's words, illustrations, diagrams etc.
should be clearly indicated regardless of whether they are copied
exactly, paraphrased, or adapted......The University reserves the
right to use software applications to screen any individual's
submitted work for matches either to published sources or to other
submitted work. Any such matches respectively might indicate either
plagiarism or collusion......Although the use of electronic
resources by students in their academic work is encouraged, you
should remember that the regulations on plagiarism apply to on-line
material and other digital material just as much as to printed
material..." Section 9.5 Proctors' and Assessor's
MemorandumProctors' and Assessor's Memorandum
Good academic practice So by following the citation principles
and practices in place in your subject area, you will develop a
rigorous approach to academic referencing, and avoid inadvertent
plagiarism.
intranet.ouce.ox.ac.uk/undergraduate/fhs/dissertation/referencing.html
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Citing your references An article in an online journal which
also exists in print should be cited in the same way as print To
cite something which only exists electronically, e.g. a web site,
follow special rules which include the date viewed A specific quote
must include the page reference in the citation. Also any number of
style manuals:- The complete guide to referencing and avoiding
plagiarism /Colin Neville. 2007 RSL LB 2369 NEV also available
on-line ! Cite them right : the essential referencing guide /
Richard Pears and Graham Shields. 2010 RSL LB 2369 PEA
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So what can reference management software do? Store references
to items in many different formats and material types Search,
select and output references in a variety of pre- determined
styles, or one of your own making Import references direct from
databases like Scopus or Web of Knowledge, or library catalogues
like SOLO Search external databases from within the reference
management software, and save references retrieved Insert
references into a word-processed document and format them in a
particular style at the touch of a button Store links to documents
pdfs, images or copies of them within database
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Reference Management Systems RefWorks (web based access your
records anywhere - free to members of university even after you
leave) ProCite, Reference Manager and EndNote (works without web
access but software needs to be installed on own machine charge of
c80 from OUCS) EndNote on the Web (free to members of university,
but has limited feature set designed to be used alongside desktop
version) Zotero is a free plug-in for Firefox browser (only)
limited but growing capability Mendeley, etc.
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Compatibility of different reference management packages
EndNote Operating Systems Word Processors Note 1: EndNote has a
format document feature which can process.rtf format files
containing unformatted citation place holders. These.rtf files can
be generated by most Word Processors. The Cite While You Write
plugin will only work with the word processors listed here however.
Note 2: X5 is the latest EndNote version. X2 is currently the
version installed on library computers. X4 is currently the version
being sold by the OUCS shop. LinuxWindowsMac NoYes (XP, Vista,
7)Yes (OS X (10.5, 10.6)) Windows Word ProcessorsMac Word
Processors Microsoft Word (Win)OpenOffice / Libre Office Writer 3
(Win) Microsoft Word (Mac) Pages 09 (Mac) OpenOffice / LibreOffice
Writer 3 (Mac) 2003, 2007No2004, 2008YesNo 2003, 2007, 2010Yes2004,
2008, 2011YesNo
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Compatibility of different reference management packages
RefWorks Operating Systems *The web-based elements of RefWorks work
fine on Linux but the Cite-n-Write plugin is not available for
Linux. Web Browsers * RefGrab-it plugins not available for these
browsers Google Chrome/Chromium & Opera - but the rest of
RefWorks functionality should work. Word Processors Note: RefWorks
has a format document feature which can process.rtf format files
containing unformatted citation place holders. These.rtf files can
be generated by most Word Processors. I strongly dont recommend
this route, Ive found it unreliable and error prone. The
Write-n-Cite plugin will only work with the word processors listed
here however. Works principally with Microsoft Word LinuxWindowsMac
Partially*Yes (98, ME, XP, Vista, 7)Yes (OS X, 10.3 up)
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Compatibility of different reference management packages Zotero
Operating Systems Web Browsers Note: Zotero is fundamentally
designed as a Firefox add-on and only works with Firefox Word
Processors Note: Zotero requires a plugin to be installed for
allowing addition of citations to word processed documents.
LinuxWindowsMac Yes
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Compatibility of different reference management packages Mobile
Devices Some reference management software has mobile versions
offering generally more limited functionality and adaptations to
better suit small screens. Some software also has dedicated app
versions for iPads (or shortly will have in the case of ColWiz).
RefWorks mobile version. EndNote Web mobile version. Mendeley
dedicated iPad app. ColWiz dedicated iPad app coming very
soon.
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Compatibility of different reference management packages
General Web Browser Compatibility Not all web browsers are
compatible with all operating systems. Firefox is by far the best
supported browser in terms of operating system platforms and the
reference management applications it will work with. Mac and Linux
systems can run some Windows software using hardware/software
emulation or virtual machines. This gets very complicated, so this
table focuses on what will just work with each system
LinuxWindowsMac Internet Explorer NoYesNo Firefox Yes Safari NoYes
Google Chrome/Chromium Yes Opera Yes
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E-Journals I didn't check for the hard copy - so used to
getting online access!
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Newspapers Electronic newspapers Some are freely available.
Alphabetic list on OxLIP+ Best source for the Text Only of huge
range of newspapers and magazines is Nexis UK. Goes back
approximately 10 yrs in most cases and is very current i.e. todays
daily news items
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Newspapers Legal information, cases etc. Lexis Library WestLaw
both UK & US editions But there are a lot more (if necessary
ask the Law Library for help)
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Google is fast Very fast Proudly fast Tells you how fast Found
OUCS home page in 0.12 secs Also found 445,000 other relevant pages
But put home page first Brilliant - How does it do it? Not
telling.
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Did I need 445,000 references? Nobody looks at all the
references Google retrieves So why display them? Algorithm takes
into account links made by other pages And click-throughs So the
top result for a given search is determined over time by the people
who make that search Is that the same as the best result?
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So lets invent Google Scholar Lets team up with publishers so
they let us search behind their firewalls Lets modify our algorithm
so it excludes non-scholarly material (how do we define that?) Lets
look at citations so when one article we index cites another one we
index, we can move it higher up the relevance ranking Lets link
together different versions of the same article Lets include
library locations for full-text access
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But lets not allow: creation of sets Or controlled vocabularies
Or combining of searches Or hit rate figures for individual search
terms Or proximity searching Or saving and e-mailing results Or
creation of alerts Or standardisation of journal
names/abbreviations Or info on what is included and what is not Or
info on how the system decides what is scholarly Or an indication
of update frequency seems slower than normal Google
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Bibliographic Databases Excellent for locating journal
articles, book chapters and book reviews (NB. References only,)
General or specific subject coverage Different interfaces but
similar functionality Not tied to library holdings Frequently will
provide a link to full text
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Databases vs. Search engines Contents are indexed by subject
specialists Subject headings Limiting functions e.g. publication
types, language Allow you to View Search history Combine searches
Mark and sort results Print/save/email/export Save searches Set up
alerts Searches done by automated web crawlers No thesaurus /
subject headings just free text searching No limiting functions
Usually none of these!
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Subject searching SOLO and Oxford e-journals cover Oxford
holdings only by title Better to use specialist indexes covering
the worlds literature to find articles Access via OxLIP+ Use
inter-library loan for items not held in Oxford and not online
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Bibliographic Techniques Abstracting and Indexing Services (for
finding the actual journal articles) Vast range. SCOPUS (includes
GEOBASE) OVID SP ProQuest for CSA Illumina Web of Knowledge
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SCOPUS THE bibliographic database for the Earth, Geographical
and Ecological Sciences Scopus -- abstract and citation database
containing both peer-reviewed research literature and quality web
sources. With over 19,000 titles from more than 5,000 international
publishers, including 300 book series. 45.5 million records: 24.5
million records with references back to 1996 (of which 78% include
references). 21 million records pre-1996 which go back as far as
1823. 4.6 million conference papers from proceedings and
journals.
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Bibliographic Searching Search Tip : 1 Important to remember
that although each database covers thousands of journal titles no
single database is ever comprehensive. If you are having difficulty
finding material on a topic use the keywords you find in any
relevant reference and search again.
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Web of Knowledge Similar but not the same : a.k.a. Web of
Science WEB of Science: ISI citation indexes Broad Coverage all
subject areas Automatic export to EndNote but now with export to
RefWorks (Journal Citation Reports help choose the most effective
title in your area)
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Bibliographic Databases Search :- Community conservation in the
Amazon (2010 only) Scopus = 25 articles Ovid = 20 after
de-duplication of 33 articles, etc. (8 not found by Scopus) C.S.A =
36 articles (after de-duplication of 39) (adds another 20 to the
total) Web of Science = 29 articles (a further 13 unique items)
Biosis Previews = 17 articles (gives another 5) RefWorks
de-duplication = 71
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Conclusion Maintain a balanced diet! Five a day WoK, Scopus,
Solo, subject-specific database, Google Scholar
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Further assistance: This presentation available via WebLearn
More courses available: http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/itlp/ Other
presentations: http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/services/training/wiser
Guidance for references:
https://intranet.ouce.ox.ac.uk/undergraduate/fhs/dissertation/
referencing.html [email protected]
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Introductory Research Skills Your feedback is greatly
appreciated Please complete a short survey @
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/V833GBC
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Searching AND implied between words as in normal Google + to
include common words, letters or numbers that Googles search
technology generally ignores quote marks to search for a phrase
minus sign to exclude from a search OR for either search term
author: for author search intitle: to search document title
restrict by date and publication advanced search screen
available