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• Introduction• Topologies• Extracts from AMPATH Valdivia Group Report• Questionnaire / Responses• General Considerations; Type of Problems• Suggested Solutions
A. SantoroUERJ -BRAZIL
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I - Introduction
The history of each network appear in the present situation.( Distribution of Bandwidths )
WHY to investigate the Digital Divide?
For High Energy Physics, If we want to get a Grid architecture to work in the LHC experiments, including the collaborators of the present experiments, we have to have a minimum of the compatibility of the links.
We have used in this report (up to now) theTerena CompendiumInformation from Valdivia Groupand responses from our own questionnaire.
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II - Topologies
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Korea
Malaysia
Indonesia
Tokyo
Taiwan
HongKong
Thailand
Osaka
To AIH100
Singapora
Tp MAE-WEST
USSan Jose
To NY-NAPUS
PennakenIIJ
NY NOC
Kumamoto
Nagoya
Yokohama
Fukuoka
KitaKjustu
HiroShima
Okayamja Kobe
tyamaWestTokyo
Serdnl SapporoKyoto
Hamamtsu
To DIXUS
PaloAlto
1.5
MBPS
5 3 3 3To Wide
1.5
3
5 x 2 31.5
To Wide1.5
To NSPIXP1.5
To NSPIXP2100
45
155455
45
45
1.5
512k768k
To Wide
5 x 2
A topology map of the Internet Initiative Japan(III) backbone, the largest data network in Japan
ASIA REGION
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FINLANDNorwaySueden
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CROATIA
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Yugoslavia
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HUNGARY
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CZECH
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18This is the topology of the Brazilian National Network for Research showing a strong
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NRENs = National Research and Education Networks
Highest Capacity of European Links of NRENS in Mbps – June 2001
TEN-155 backbone
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National Research and Education Networks
Highest Capacity of European Links of NRENS in Mbps – June 2001
GEANT backbone
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Connection to TEN-155 Backbone Connection to GEANT Backbone
Rates [Mbps]
Countries Rates [Mbps]
Countries
≥ 600 Germany, Netherland 5000 Denmark, Finland, Sueden, Norway
≥ 300 Denmark, Greece, Italy, Finland, Suden Norway
2500 Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, Netherland, United Kingdom, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland
≥ 155 Belgium, Spain, France, Austria, United Kingdom, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, Switzerland
≥ 1000 Czech Republic
≤ 50 Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Croatia, Cyprus, Albania, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, FyroMacedonia, Turkey, Slovakia
≥ 500 Austria
≤ 250 Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Geórgia, Latvia, Lithuania, FyroMacedonia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Turkey
Capacity of the Highest European Link of NRENsCapacity of the Highest European Link of NRENs
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Extracts from AMPATH Valdivia Group Report
We have a lot of information but not for Digital Divide conclusion. Bandwidth rates it is necessary to know.
Perhaps the most important information for today is :
Countries having groups working in HEP-Collaborations
Brazil: Fermilab, CERN, …Argentina: Fermilab, CERN, …México : Fermilab, CERN…Colombia: Fermilab…Equator: Fermilab…Bolivia : Cosmic Rays (only?)Other countries: still not have good information.
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Questionnaire / Responses
Table I – Respondents
NameInstitution e-mail Notes
Alexandre Sztajnberg
UERJ - Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
[email protected] Network support staff
Heriberto Castilla Valdez
Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico [email protected] HEP physicist
Maria Teresa Dova Univ. Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
[email protected] HEP physicist
Andrej Filipcic Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia [email protected] network administrator
Hafeez Hoorani QAU - National Centre for Physics at Quaid-iAzam University - Islamabad Pakistan
[email protected] Professor of Physics. Group working for CMS
P. V. Deshpande Tata Institute – Bombay –India [email protected] Network Administrator
Eduardo Gregores IFT-UNESP-Brazil [email protected] HEP Physicist
Panos Razis University of Cyprus – Cyprus [email protected] HEP Physicist
Remark: Respondents are Network Administrators and HEP physicists.
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Table II - Connection StatusInstitution
Bottleneck Notes
Internal (1) Regional / National (2) International (3)
UERJ, Brazil 10/100 Mbps (mostly 10)
10 Mbps ATM connection 45 Mbps via IMPSAT RedeRIO, our regional network is supported by the State Government
Cinvestav, Mexico
100 Mbps ethernet + switches
2 x 2 Mbps, shared Not mentioned Cinvestav pays for the link
UNLP, Argentina
10 Mbps, shared, copper links
Copper link to UNLP Computing center, then optical link to Buenos Aires
Private carriers have considerable resources for those who can pay for it
UNLP pays for its link
JSI, Slovenia Fast ethernet, switched, high load, no QoS
1 Gbps, switched, shared w/ ~1000 PCs
622 Mbps, shared, not limited but not sufficient
QAU, Pakistan 128 kpbs or dialup Actual connection and future upgrades supported by Ministry of Science and Technology-100 users Internal Network.
TATA Institute - India
100 Mbps 2 Mbps link to RegionalBackbone
155 Mbps
IFT-UNESP Brazil
LAN to WAN 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps
4 Mbps to Regional Backbone
University of Cyprus - Cyprus
10 Mbps connectionbetween the Comp. Center and building
Daily traffic Slow traffic by GEANT some times
The Main Bottleneck is Internal and/or Last Mile Connection.
(1) Internal problems. Obsolete technology, router problems, networking equipment, intercampus connection(2) Regional and National problems. Last / first mile problem. Last 1000 miles problem. Network /POP Hierarchy connection / bandwidth problems(3) International connection / bandwidth
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Table III - Connection details
Institution Providers Firewall
Regional / National (2)
International (3)
UERJ, Brazil RedeRio http://www.rederio.br
RedeRio to IMPSAT CISCO ACLs. No BW limitations.
Cinvestav, Mexico
Not mentioned Not mentioned Not mentioned
UNLP, Argentina
Commercial optical fiber
Not mentioned No firewall
JSI, Slovenia Not mentioned Not mentioned Yes, 1Gbps max throughput
QAU, Pakistan ISP-Most via dialup 54 kibps $0.5/hour – Need more bandwidth-Problems with Funds – Not last mile.
TATA, India 2 Mbps via National Carrier VSNL
IFT-UNESP Brazil
4 Mbps via FAPESP 155 Mbps via TERREMARK NAT and Firewall 10 Mbps maximum
University of Cyprus - CYPRUS
34 Mbps via CYNET GEANT
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Tabel IV - Other networking needs
Institution Computing / networking needs related to HEP Other
UERJ, Brazil HEPGRID PROJECT presented for financial support to work on CMS
Waiting for delivering approved budget to build a T3 and Later 2005/6 a T1
Cinvestav, Mexico Dedicated 2 Mbps link for HEP group
UNLP, Argentina a)LAN upgrade to 100 Mbpsb)LAN-to-WAN upgrade to 4 Mbps
JSI, Slovenia Additional bandwidth should be reserved for HEP
QAU, Pakistan In terms of Hardware declared that they have what they really need. In terms of bandwidth need to upgrade but no last mile connection problem.
TATA, India Will have a Tier 3 Grid node
IFT-UNESP Brazil Will maintain a farm for Monte Carlo studies and a Tier 3 Grid node
University of Cyprus - CYPRUS
The HEP group intend to have responsibilities on Monte Carlo Production and build a Grid Unity type T2 or T3. Need to upgrade Network to Gigabit. In principle there is no limits to use the Network. But the daily traffic is the real limitation.
The Bandwidth of 34 Mbps is sponsored by Cyprus Telecommunications Agency via a research Program and GEANT. The University pays for the Network
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Table V - Most relevant networking related problems
Institution Most relevant networking related problems
UERJ, Brazil UERJ is outside the Rede RIO’s 155 Mbps ATM ring, connected by a 10 Mbps link. Rede RIO has a private International 45 Mbps connection, which is saturated. RNP, the national backbone research network has a 155+42 Mbps International link that could be used by our institution given that the proper configuration was imposed.
Cinvestav, Mexico
2 x 2Mbps links for the whole community is not sufficient
UNLP, Argentina
2 Mbps optical link, shared with well over 1000 people, is not sufficient
JSI, Slovenia LAN-WAN interconnection: high load, no QoS, new infrastructure needed
QAU, Pakistan (2/3) Internet connection bandwidth. In processes of deploying a 64 Kbps leased line (by October) - limited by funding
TATA, India High prices
IFT-UNESP Brazil
(2/3) speed and bandwidth
University of Cyprus - CYPRUS
Last Mile Connections, big traffic on the used network limit the present work. Need to buy more nodes to work for CMS Monte Carlo. Missing of trained people on Network Technologies.
The most relevant Networking related problems are: Internal Networks, Last mile connections, Financial Support, and too low bandwith.
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Table VI - Presented ideas for prospective solutions
Institution Presented ideas toward a solution for the detected problems
UERJ, Brazil (1) Upgrade internal network as soon as the approved budged is delivered. (2) Upgrade the last mile link with an “almost”-blind fiber and up to 155 ATM Mbps. (3) Upgrade the Rede RIO’s international link or reconfigure our routing tables to forward packets through RNP’s international link (necessary a Rede RIO and RNP agreement). Most of our solutions require non-immediately-available funding.
Cinvestav, Mexico More money would allow them to buy additional links 2 Mbps each.
UNLP, Argentina Better economical support
JSI, Slovenia Better infrastructure: 1 Gbps Giga-Ethernet for LAN and WAN, 10 Gbps SDH for national network and 1 Gbps SDH for international links. Reserved bandwidth for HEP
QAU, Pakistan (2/3) Upgrade Internet connection to 512 Kbps
TATA, India Proposals for progressive upgrades
IFT-UNESP Brazil University should provide funds to increase speed and bandwidth
University of Cyprus – CYPRUS
More effort is needed to include the smaller Institutes and Laboratories in the GRID Projects and not only the well established Research Centers. GRIDs concentrated in HEP programs and not waste limited resources.
Better funding, upgrades, are the main proposals
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Table VII - Present Computing Facilities Dedicated to HEPA-Mainframe, Clusters, LAN, Networked CPUS
InstitutionMainframe Clusters Networked CPUs LAN Technology
UERJ, Brazil No to be deployed 35 10/10 Ethernet hub/switches
Cinvestav, Mexico
No 25 2-CPUs + File Server
100 Mbps NICs w/ twisted pair
UNLP, Argentina
No No Isolated PCs in a LAN
10 Mbps, shared copper links
JSI, Slovenia
No ~40 CPUs, ~25 Athlon 1500XP equiv + Alpha server, 1 TB disk
100 Mbps ethernet, switched copper links
QAU, Pakistan
No 6 PC Linux 10
TATA, India No No 32 100 Mbps
IFT-UNESP Brazil
No No 100 Mbps
University of Cyprus - CYPRUS
No Linux Clusters with “many” nodes
“few” computers and Workstations
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B-Firewall, WAN, Hops, Financial Support
InstitutionFirewall WAN connection hops Who pays for the connection ?
UERJ, Brazil No University’s 10 ATM Mbps over fiber
20 Rio de janeiro State Govern
Cinvestav, Mexico
Not mentioned 22 to Fermilab
Cinvestav and/or Conacyt
UNLP, Argentina
No Commercial optical fiber
23 to CERN 22 to Fermilab
UNLP and/or Conicet
JSI, Slovenia Yes 1 Gbps optical fiber, no special links for HEP
12 to CERN
Not mentioned
QAU, Pakistan
TATA, India
IFT-UNESP Brazil
Yes 20 to Fnal University
University of Cyprus – CYPRUS
Local Network to a WAN by CYNET (National Level) and GEANT for international)
Only 1 internet Router. The Second Line is 128Kbps
University of Cyprus
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General Considerations
How one’s network capabilities affect the ability to “Do Science”?
What are the common problems? Type of Problems
Long Mile Connection, Last Mile Connection, Security, ....
Suggested Solutions
To know better the problems like -Institutional Problems – Internal Networks, old equipments,... -Last mile connection: Institution to Network
To discuss a possibility to present the problem to ONU and/or OEAor to a compatible organization and suggest solutions
IF we want that GRID work beyond Europe, USA and some Region of Asiathen we have to investigate at least the Institutions collaborating with HEPand try to get a minimum required for their needs.
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CENIC2000Internet2 and Global Development:Institutional ImpactMichael McRobbieVice President for Information Technology and CIOIndiana University
IEEAF UpdatePacific Rim Networking MeetingHonolulu, Hawaii - 2002Dr. Donald R. RileyChair, IEEAF- Vice President and CIOUniversity of Maryland, College Park
The next set of slides comes from :
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