Introduction to World History

August 4th 2014

• Quote of the Day• ““Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may

remember, involve me and I learn.”• Ben Franklin

Welcome to World History

Welcome to World History

King TutGreat Pyramids

of GizaThe ParthenonAthens, Greece

The Roman Coliseum

The Assassination of

Julius Caesar

Knighthood Mona LisaBy Leonardo

Da Vinci

Palace ofVersailles

FranceStorming of the Bastille

French Revolution

Genghis Kahn

Voyage ofColumbus

Washington CrossingThe Delaware The American

Civil WarUncle Sam

WW I PosterAttack on

Pearl Harbor

Raising of theAmerican Flag

At Iwo JimaWW II

The AtomicBomb WWII

MLK “I Have A Dream” SpeechWashington, DC

Assassinationof JFK

Dallas, TXMoon Landing

July 1969

Attack on the WorldTrade Center 9/11/2001

President BarakObama

Why Do We Study History“Those who fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat the mistakes of the past”.

- Anonymous

“To fail to learn from history is to remain a child”.

- Cicero

Where Were You?

Where Were You?

HOW WE DIVIDE HISTORY

HISTORIC PERIOD

3000BC

476AD

1500 PRESENT

ANCIENT

FALL O

F TH

E

RO

MA

N E

MPIR

EMEDIEVAL MODERN

VOYAG

ES O

F

DISCO

VERY

World History

Early and Classical Civilizations 3000 BC – 476 AD

The Middle Ages476 – 1500 AD

World History

The Modern Era1500 - Present

World History

HOW WE DIVIDE HISTORY

HISTORIC PERIOD

3000BC

476AD

1500 PRESENT

ANCIENT MEDIEVAL MODERN

1 BC 1 AD

Ann

o D

omin

i

“In

the

Year

of

Our

Lor

d”C

E- C

omm

on E

ra

Bir

th o

f Chr

ist

BC

E -

Bef

ore

Com

mon

Era

August 5th 2014

• “If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death.”

• Hammurabi’s Code

• Take out your signed syllabus. Only the signed page.

Civilization

• Get into 10 groups of 3 or 4• 1. 1-3 7. 19-22• 2. 4-6 8. 23-26• 3. 7-9 9. 27-29• 4. 10-12 10. 30-33• 5. 13-15• 6. 16-18

Game Pieces

Non-Tradable Items • Population card• Vehicle Card

Tradable Items • Money Card• Oil Card• Water Card• Food Card

•Do not lose the puzzle pieces!!

How to Play?

Organize • You will be allotted

3minutes to organize your country. Find out what you have, and what you need.

Trade • You will have 8 minutes to

trade with everyone in the class.

• You may barter any tradable item for any tradable item

• You set the prices. Example:5 oil sells for 10 food, or 10 oil sells for 20 water

• Oil, food, and water sell in units of 5.

• Money trades in units of 10

How to win?

• For every person in your country, you must have 1 water and 1 food.

• For every car you must have 1 oil. • After you have enough food and water and oil,

try to accumulate as much money as possible by trading items.

• Who ever meets the needs of their country, and has the most amount of $ wins the game

Game Review

• Was there enough for everyone to survive?• How does this compare to the real world?• What would you be willing to do to feed your

people/family?• Would it have been easier to steal someone else's

items?• Why did some countries have supplies that others did

not?• can you understand why Hammurabi needed to set

laws for his people?

Aug 7th

• “A small body of determined spirits fired by an unquenchable faith in their mission can alter the course of history.”– Mahatma Gandhi

Geography of the Fertile Crescent

The Fertile Crescent

• Fertile Crescent: arc of land between Persian Gulf and Mediterranean

• Includes Mesopotamia: “land between the rivers”

• Tigris and Euphrates rivers flood once a year, leaving rich soil.

Environmental Challenges• Around 3300 B.C. Sumerians

begin farming southern Mesopotamia

• Environment poses three disadvantages:

• 1. floods are unpredictable; sometimes no rain

• 2. land offers no barriers to invasion

• 3. land has few natural resources; building materials scarce

Solving Problems Through Organization

Sumerians Work Together• build irrigation ditches to

control water,• produce crops• build walled cities for defense• trade grain, cloth, and tools

for raw• materials—stone, wood metal• Organization, leadership, and

laws are beginning of civilization

City States of Mesopotamia

• By 3000 B.C. Sumerians build cities surrounded by fields of crops

• Each is a city-state—an independent political unit

• Sumer city-states Uruk, Kish, Lagash, Umma, and Ur

• Each city has temple and ziggurat; priests appeal to gods

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-6HOQiuIgE

Culture

Religion • Sumerians believe in

many different gods polytheism

• Gods are thought to control forces of nature

• Gods behave as humans do, but people are gods’ servants

• Life after death is bleak and gloomy

Society • Sumerians have social

classes—kings, landholders, priests at top

• Wealthy merchants next; at lowest levels are slaves

• Women have many rights; become priests, merchants, artisans

Hammurabi’s Code

• Hammurabi creates a code of laws for the Babylonian Empire

• 282 laws on all aspects of life; engraved in stone and made public

• Set different punishments depending on social class, gender

• Goal for government to take responsibility for order, justice

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8v2vRlLL58

August 8th

• “Do the difficult things while they are easy and do the great things while they are small. A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step”

• Lao Tzu

Vocabulary Shoot Out

• Individually define as many of the 20 terms on the board as possible. You will have 20 minutes to complete this assignment.

• After 20 minutes the class will be divided into two teams.

• Each team will be asked to define a term (without looking at their definitions) If a player gets a questions right, they earn a point for their team and earn a chance to shoot a basket

• Each basket is worth 2 extra points.

August 11th

• “I have always found that mercy bears richer fruits than strict justice.”

• Abraham Lincoln

Egyptian Geography

Egyptian Geography

• Nile River – annual flood, predictable• Natural barriers – deserts on both sides• Delta – land formed by silt deposits at mouth of• river; triangular

Egyptian LifePharaoh

Priests, government officials, army

commanders

Merchants, artisans

Slaves

Pharaoh

• God-kings• Theocracy –

government is based on religious authority

Mummification

• Belief in afterlife Mummification

Religion

• Polytheistic • Ra – sun god• Osiris – god of the dead• Horus – pharaoh • Amun – god of creation

• Akhenaten (1364-1347 BCE) – monotheism w/ Ra as only god

Writing

• Hieroglyphics: Egyptian pictograph writing• Scribe: person who wrote things down

Government

• King Narmer unified the kingdom from 3000 BCE to 2180 BCE – Old Kingdom

• 2040 BCE – 1640 BCE Middle Kingdom

• 1570 BCE – 1075 BCE New Kingdom

• Then controlled by others – Kush, Assyrians

August 12th

• “Victorious warriors win first and then go to war, while defeated warriors go to war first and then seek to win.”

• Sun Tzu

Movie Quiz

• 1. why were the Pharaoh's bodies moved from their temples to hidden locations in the valley of kings?

• 2. Before mummification, how did the Egyptians dry out bodies to preserve them?

• 3. According to the Egyptians, in the afterlife your heart is weighed on the scales of truth. This determined if you were a ______ or ______person while you were alive.

• 4. The Egyptians left detailed writings of every aspect of their way of life except what?

Indus River Valley

Yellow River Valley

Work Sheets

• Working alone, complete sections 3 and 4 in your chapter two packet.

• On section 4, answer questions 1-7 in regard to the Shang Dynasty. Questions 8 and Letter B answer in regard to the Zhou Dynasty

• DON’T ANSWER NUMBER 9• Packets are due at the end of the Class.

August 13th

•“Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.”

• MLK

• TURN YOUR PACKETS IN AT MY DESK

India Geography!

Geography

• Mountains (N) and desert (E) separate India from the rest of Asia

• Indus and Ganges Rivers

• Monsoons: cyclical, seasonal winds that bring rain or dryness

Civilization!!

• 7,000 BCE domestication and agriculture

• 2,500 BCE first cities

• Harappan civilizations – made of large cities– Mohenjo-Daro– Harappa

Planning Language

• Harappan cities were planned! (page 46)

• Not deciphered

• Believed to be similar to hieroglyphics and cuneiform

Culture Religion

• Few weapons• Artifacts – toys!

(prosperous & could afford nonessentials)

• Animals very important to society

• Possible theocracy• Artifacts link to Hindu

culture (will cover later)• Important figures still used

today (example: bull)

Geography of China

Plateau of Tibet

Taklimakan Desert

Yellow Sea

South China Sea

East China Sea

Himalayas

Gobi Desert

China’s

Heartland

Yangtze River

Huang He (Yellow) River

Kunlun Mountains

Rivers:• Huang He (Yellow):

north

– Frequent violent flooding

– Deposits of silt– good for

agriculture

• Yangtze: south

Geography of China (cont.)

• Family– main loyalty for Chinese– respect, obedience & loyalty to ruler

• Hierarchy– strict social classes

• Religion– spirits of ancestors helpful or not– Oracle bones

• Writing– characters– written language same for all

spoken dialects

Chinese Culture

1. Shang (1700 – 1027 B.C.)

overthrown by the …2. Zhou

(1027 B.C. – 256 B.C.)

– justified conquest by Mandate of Heaven - ruler has approval of gods

– Dynastic cycle - loss of Mandate of Heaven leads to new dynasty

– lost power to nobles who gained power & fought

– move away from ancient values

Early Chinese Dynasties

Phoenicians

Geography• Phoenicia was located between

the eastern Mediterranean coast and the Lebanon Mountains

Government

• Not a unified nation

• Consisted of independent city-states

Phoenicians Were Sailors• Sailing– No maps or modern technology– Sailed beyond Gibraltar (Pillars of Hercules)– Evidence that they may have

circumnavigated Africa

Phoenician Colonies• Sailed and colonized throughout the

Mediterranean beginning circa 1000 B.C.E.– Gades (Cadiz, Spain)– Carthage (Tunis, Tunisia)

• Modern DNA testing links Palestinians, Lebanese, and residents of old Phoenician colonies

Trade• Leading sailors and traders of ancient world• They traded:

– Cloth– Dye (purple dye prized by kings, made from

shellfish murex)– Glass– Pottery

• Traded for:– Tin (Britannia)– Hides, ivory, ostrich feathers, and slaves (Africa)– Gold, precious stones, and spices (India)

Alphabet

• Carried their civilization and culture where they traded

• Adopted and adapted Egyptian hieroglyphics into an alphabet off 22 symbols (letters) representing sounds

Friday August 15th

• “If you could kick the person in the pants responsible for most of your trouble, you wouldn't sit for a month”

• Theodore Roosevelt

4.2The Assyrian Empire

Nyssa LaSauce

Nicole Carper

A Mighty Military Machineo Assyria had an advanced military that helped them gain control of a large empire, beginning about 850 B.C.E.

o They had state-of-the-art weapons that helped them conquer.

o This made Assyria the more powerful civilization in Southwest Asia.

The Rise of a Warrior Peopleo They had a strong military, because they were invaded frequently due to

the flat landscape they settled on.

o Through warring, the kingdom eventually reached from the Tigris all the way to Egypt.

o One of the kings who helped to build it, Sennacherib, said that he demolished 89 cities as well as 820 villages, an burned Babylon.

Military Organization and Conquest

o The soldiers used stiff leather and metal armor, and wore helmets of copper iron. They equipped metal scale overlaid leather skirts. They used iron swords and iron-pointed spears to fight.

o They used advanced planning and technical skill, and when they got into the city, they showed no mercy.

The Empire Expands

o Between the years 850 and 650, B.C.E., the Assyrian empire had conquered Syria, Palestine, and Babylon.

Assyrian Ruleo The Assyrian civilization reached its peak in 650 B.C.E., and held control

of most of Southern Asia.

o The land was separated into provinces, and each was ruled by a local governor, who reported to the kings.

o The Assyrians made the people pay taxes, and when they refused, their cities were burned and they were sent into exile.

Assyrian Cultureo The most fearsome warriors were great builders; for instance, Sennacherib

established Nineveh. It was the largest city at the time it was built, and was very advanced.

o Nineveh had one of the largest libraries, where King Ashurbanipal had stored more than 20,000 clay tablets, among which were works such as The Epic of Gilgamesh.

The Empire Crumbles

o Assyrian kings could not keep control over everything they owned, and after Ashurbanipal died, Nineveh fell.

Decline and Fall

o In the year 612 B.C.E., Nineveh was burned by the Chaldeans and the Medes.

o Most of the tablets survived, because they had been baked in a pottery oven.

o Most people of the region were happy to hear Nineveh had fallen.

Rebirth of Babylon Under the Chaldeans

o Babylon was made capital by the Chaldeans, and about 600 B.C.E., Babylon was the central city in the new empire. It was rebuilt and restored by Nebuchadnezzar.

o Astronomy was big there, and they found five planets, and concluded they were in the same solar system as the moon, the sun, and the earth.

o The Empire fell after Nebuchadnezzar died.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpKxRJDmnQI

August 18th

• ““Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much”

• Helen Keller

Potty Training

• Passes are on the wall• FOR BATHROOM ONLY• MUST GO TO THE 600 HALL RR• If you break these rules you will be written up

Debate Club

• Meets Monday Wednesdays • TODAYS MEETING WILL ONLY LAST 10

MINUTES• Club meets 3:45-4:45

Oath of Promise

• Raise your right hand and repeat the following oath

• “I promise, I will not steal Mr. Dameron’s Colored Pencils. I promise I will not break nor destroy Mr. Dameron’s colored pencils. I promise not to lose, and leave behind Mr. Dameron’s Colored Pencils, Because, (figuratively speaking) I know he will hunt me down and my life will be miserable”

Jig Saw Activity

• In groups of 5• Each group is assigned a part of chapter 4

section 1 to read.• Each group will write and illustrate what they

have learned on their paper• Each group will provide a 5 minute

presentation of their information.

The Egyptian and Nubian Empires

Mattie FryeJay Freeman

1st period8/20/09

Setting the Stage• Egyptian civilization formed along Nile River & united into kingdom

~3100 BCE. • During Middle Kingdom (~2080-1640 BCE), Egypt traded w/

Mesopotamia & Indus Valley.• <600 miles from Thebes, major Nubian Kingdom emerged.• Traded w/ Mesopotamia & Indus valley.• Influenced culturally by Nubian kingdom of Kush.

Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt• Began prosperously,

descended into violence.

• Caused by succession of weak pharaohs, & this caused power struggle among nobles.

• Were then invaded by Asiatics (Hyksos).

• Invaders then ruled Egypt 1640-1570 BCE.

Hebrews Migrate to Egypt

• Bible says Hebrews would’ve settled in Egypt during Hyksos rule ~1650 B.C.E.

• Possible that Hyksos encouraged Hebrews to settle there because of racial similarities

• Egyptians resented presence of Hyksos, but powerless to remove them

Expulsion and Slavery • ~1600 BCE, Egypt came back to

power w/ warlike rulers. (Queen Ahhotep: took over after husband, Kamose, died in battle)

• Helped drive out Hyksos.

• Next Pharaoh drove them out completely & into Sinai Peninsula.

• Some biblical scholars say Hebrews stayed enslaved in Egypt & couldn’t leave until ~1500 & 1200 BCE.

The New Kingdom of Egypt• After Hyksos, New

Kingdom pharaohs strengthen Egypt by building empire

• New Kingdom era was Egypt’s 3rd period of glory, & it was wealthier & more powerful than ever before

• Egyptians conquered w/ 2-wheeled chariots & bronze weapons

• 18th dynasty pharaohs set up army of archers, charioteers, & infantry

Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule• Hatshepsut was unique

Egyptian ruler who declared herself pharaoh ~1472 BCE because stepson/heir to throne was young child at time.

• Encouraged trade instead of war.

• Highly successful trading expedition to Land of Punt

Thutmose the Empire Builder

• Thutmose III was Hatshepsut’s stepson.

• Favored war over trade.• May have murdered

Hatshepsut to ascend to power.

• Led many successful invasions in Palestine & Syria, as well as Nubia southward.

• Mighty Empire now; Egypt has never commanded such power & wealth as during reigns of New Kingdom Pharaohs

The Egyptians and the Hittites• Because of

Palestine/Syria invasions, Hittite conflict began.

• After several smaller battles, big clash at Kadesh ~1285 BCE.

• Pharaoh Ramses II & Hittite king later made peace treaty to last for rest of century.

An Age of Builders

• New Kingdom was also known for great palaces & magnificent temples.

• Hid splendid tombs under desert cliffs for afterlife (& graverobbesr) protection.

• One exceptional Pharaoh known for these buildings was Ramses II

• Added to monumental temple to Egypt’s chief god Amon-Re.

• Built other temple at Abu Simbel, decorated w/ 4 enormous statues of self

The Empire Declines• Empire began to slowly

come apart after 1200 BCE as other civilizations rose to power.

• After Ramses died, entire eastern Mediterranean suffered wave of invasions.

Invasions by Land and Sea• Egyptians faced other

attacks.• Palestine rebels to the

east.• Libyan village raids to

the west.

• Egyptian empire & Hittite kingdom attacked by invaders, “Sea Peoples” in Egyptian texts.

• Invaders may have included Philistines.

• Caused great chaos.

Egypt’s Empire Fades

• Egypt never recovered from invasions.

• Divided into regional units, multiple small kingdoms arose.

• Weakened, Egypt soon fell to neighbors’ invasions.

• Libyan Pharaohs ruled Egypt ~950-730 BCE,bu adopted Egyptian culture.

• Nubians adopted Egypt’s culture, as well.

The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region

• Egypt dominated Nubia & Nubian kingdom of Kush when powerful (2000-1000 BCE)

• As Egypt lost power during Hyksos period, Kush emerged as regional power.

The People of Nubia• Nubia located south of

Egypt between First Cataract of the Nile (violent rapids) & division of river into Blue Nile & White Nile.

• Multiple Nubian kingdoms, like Kush, were trade corridors that linked Egypt & Mediterranean world to African interior & to Red Sea.

• Nile= best north-south trade route.

The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia• Egypt had much influence over

Nubia and Kush while still in power.

• Kush’s,people worshipped Egyptian gods, spoke their language, & even adopted customs/ clothing styles of Egypt.

• Kush’s capital, Napata, became center of Egyptian cultural diffusion.

• When Egypt declined (beginning ~1200 BCE), Kushites thought themselves to be more suitable for keeping Egyptian culture than the Libyans, so they ousted them.

Piankhi Captures the Egyptian Throne• In 751 BCE, Kushite king (Piankhi)

overthrew Libyan dynasty that had been ruling Egypt for +200 yrs.

• Descendants became Egypt’s 25th dynasty.

• Had monument erected in Kush after victory.

• In 671 BCE, conquered by Assyrians & pushed back south.

• Would experience golden age, despite loss of Egypt.

The Golden Age of Meroë

• After Assyrian defeat, the Kushite royalty settled south in Meroë, close to Red Sea.

• Soon had flourishing trade w/ Africa, Arabia, & India.

The Wealth of Kush• Thrived in Meroë for

several hundred years.• Enjoyed significant rainfall

& abundant supplies of iron ore.

• Major place for manufacturing iron tools/weapons.

• Obtained many luxury goods from across Red Sea by trading iron ore.

The Decline of Meroë

• Enjoyed prosperity from ~250 BCE- A.D. 150, then started to decline.

• Defeated ~A.D. 350.

• Aksum, 400 miles southeast, came to dominate North African trade.