National Workshop on Trade Facilitation and the Implementation of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement
Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
4-5 June 2015
The Government of the Republic
of
the Union of Myanmar
National Workshop on Trade Facilitation and the Implementation
of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement, Nay Pyi Taw, 4-5 June 2015
Introduction to Single Window& paperless trade
by
Dr. Yann Duval, Chief, Trade Facilitation Unit,
Trade and Investment Division, UN ESCAP
The Government of the Republic
of
the Union of Myanmar
3
� Paperless Trade
Conduct of trade activities on
the basis of electronic rather
than paper documents e.g. electronic Customs declaration,
electronic cert. of origin
(application of ICT to trade
procedures)
� Paperless Trade Systems
Legal/regulatory and technical
frameworks in which paperless trade
transactions take place e.g. electronic
Single Window facility, e-port
management systems, Framework Act
on Electronic Transaction (in RoK)
Chamber
ImporterExporter
ShipperForwarder
Customs
Inspection
eCO
Paperless Trade?
4
one-stop facility to exchange
information between traders and
government, thereby reducing
the complexity, time and costs
involved in international trade
� Lodging standardized information and documents with a single entry point only
once.
� Sharing information among government agencies.
� Providing a single source of trade related government information
� Allowing payment of duties and other charges.
� Facilitating coordinated controls and inspections of various government authorities.
Typical Features of a Single Window
Single Window?
Why a Single Window?
6
Benefits of Single Window
Effective & EfficientDeployment of Resources
CorrectRevenueYield
ImprovedTrader
Compliance
EnhancedSecurity
IncreasedIntegrity &
Transparency
FasterClearance &Release
PredictableApplication and
Explanation of Rules
Cutting Coststhrough
Reducing Delays
Effective & EfficientDeployment ofResources
IncreasedTransparency
Single Window
TradersGovernment
7
Selected Countries National
SW
Ease of trading
across border –
World Rank
Logistics
Performance-
World Rank
Singapore Yes 1 2
Hong Kong, China Yes 2 13
Rep. of Korea Yes 8 23
Thailand Yes 12 35
Malaysia Yes 35 29
China No 44 27
Viet Nam No 74 53
Cambodia No 127 129
Iran No 134 103
Nepal No 161 147
Source: Based on Doing Business and LPI 2010 rankings
Single Window and Trade Efficiency
8
Business
Process Analysis
Data
Harmonization
ICT
Application
Single Window Implementation
(Step-by-step Approach)
9
Political
Will
(Mandate)
Stakeholder
CoordinationLegal
Framework
Business
Model
Technical
Issues
Requirements to Single Window Implementation
10
Political Will and Strategic Mandate
Business Case
Sustainability
Competitive Edge
Economic Impact
Political
Buy-in
Political
Buy-in
11
Korean Case: Political Commitment at the Top Level
Chair : Vice Minister of MOCIE
Administrative Committee
Chair : Prime Minister
National e-Trade Committee
Chair : Dr. Jung Uck, Seo
Private e-Trade Committee
Korea e-Trade Facilitation CenterKorea e-Trade Facilitation Center
Platform
W/GFinance
W/G
Logistics
W/GMarketing
W/G
Global
W/G
Law
W/G
e-TP PM
e-TDRLaw Reform e-L/C
e-Nego
RFID
e-L/G
e-D/O
e-MP
e-Catalog
Solutions
e-C/O
e-B/L
APEC,ASEM
Bilateral NetworkingSource: Hee-Chul Jung, “Republic of Korea” UN/CEFACT Single Window Repository
12
Manufacturing
Logistics improvement
Infrastructure and
logistics network
optimization
Logistics service international-ization
Trade facilitation enhancement Capacity building
54321
2. Manufacturing logistics Action
Plan3. Trade logistics Action Plan
5. Logistics data system Action
Plan
6. Logistics human resource development
Action Plan1. Urgent logistics Development
AP 2007
World Class Logistics System to support Thai Business and Industries Vision
Objectives
Strategic
Agendas
1. Cost Efficiency / Responsiveness / Reliability and Security
2. Business value creation
4. Single Window e-Logistics Development
Plan (SWeL)
Source: Suriyon (NESDB), ESCAP/ECE SW Workshop, Mongolia, 2009
Thai Case: Political link through Strategic Mandate
13
Stakeholder Coordination
Clear
Scope Proper
Communication
Channel
Strong
Lead Agency
Importance of Inter-agency
Coordination: Indonesia
Indonesia National Single
Window
(INSW)
Ministry Of Trade Customs
& Excise
FDA
Animal Quarantine
Fish Quarantine
POST & TELCo
Ministry of Industry
Ministry of Health
Ministry of ICTPort
Authority
Ministry of Transporta
tion
Ministry of Defense
National Police
Nuclear Control NA
Ministry of Environme
nt
Ministry of Energy
Central Bank
Ministry of Agriculture
Source: Muwasiq Noor, Capacity Building Workshop on
Implementing Single Window Environment for Mongolia (2014)
15
Advisor : Coord. Minister for Economic Affairs (CMEA)
Head : Minister of Finance
Vice Head - I : Minister of Trade
Vice Head - II : Minister of Transportation
National Team for INDONESIA NSW Preparation
Executive Director : Deputy IV, CMEA
Vice Executive Director - I : DG of Customs and Excise
Vice Executive Director - II : DG of International Trade
Vice Executive Director - III : DG of Sea Transportation
Anggota : Chief Executive of 19 GAs
Oversight and
Internal Steering
Committee
Secretariat
Expert
Group
Working
Group -
Legal
Working
Group –
Information
Technology
Working
Group –
Business
Process
Working
Group -
Institutional
Working
Group –
International
Relation
Technical Team for
Development &
Implementation
16
Thai Case: Broad Stakeholder Engagement
Source: Suriyon (NESDB), ESCAP/ECE SW Workshop, Mongolia, 2009
17
Legal Framework
Enabling Legal Environment
Legal basis for
Single Window
e-Archiving
e-Documents Liability
Data qualityData protection
Data access
authority
Identification,
authentication &
authorization
Single Window
structure &
organization
IPR and
data ownership
CompetitionArbitration and
dispute resolution
Source: UN/CEFACT Recommendation 35
18
Single Window Models
Public PrivatePartnership
Single Window
Establishment & Operation
Role of Private Sector
and Public-Private Partnership:
Malaysia
Objective:• Automate internal
processes
– Internal information systems
Scenario:• Internal LAN
Stage 1:
The Isolated Organisation
Objective:• Connect with major
business partners for critical business processes
– Many to one connectivity
– To exchange messages
Scenario:• Ethernet connection
• WAN
Stage 2:
The Connected
Organisations
Objectives:• Increase efficiency in the trade
facilitation value chain by exchanging messages/data electronically through a single connectivity and promoting the re-usability of data; a paperless and error-free process environment
• Electronic commerce is promoted as the means of inter-organisation communication
• Increased connectivity and integration with all trading parties
• Increased use of ICT (Information Communication & Technology) as the enabling tools
• Foster integration by connecting multi-modal operations, improving the cooperation of the Trade Community
Scenario:• Web services
• Use of message standards
Stage 4:
National Single Window
(Connecting to the world)
Objective:• Linking all trading parties
within the community to exchange messages/data electronically through a single connectivity
– Regulatory declarations
– Manifests
Scenario:• Community portal
• Integration with web technology
• Use of message standards
Stage 3:
The Community System
Phased movement towards a Single Window
Source: Eswaran (Dagang Net, Malaysia) (2011)
More of an evolution than a
revolution: Singapore
Source: UNNExT Brief #2
Importer/Exporter/Customs Broker/Representative/
other Stakeholders
NSWInternet
Terminal Operators
Air Port AuthorityPort Authority etc.
Banksfor variouskinds of e-payment
Insurance Companies
Ship Agents/Vessels
Airlines
Paperless Customs
A regional information exchange system or
cross-border paperless trade
Other Regulatory Agencies for E-Permits/e-Certificates Exchange
FreightForwarders
and LogisticsService
ProvidersDuty Free Zones
Traders
Stage A: [Customs SW] Paperless Customs + e-Payment for Customs Duty + e-Manifest + and electronic risk-based inspection
Stage B: [Regulatory SW] Connecting Other Government Back-end IT systems, and e-Permit/e-Certificate Exchange with Paperless Customs System
Stage C: [PCS] e-Document/Data Exchange among Stakeholders within the (air, sea) port community
Stage E: A regional information-exchangeenvironment
Stage D: [Integrated SW] An integrated national logistics platform also with traders, regulators and logistics-service providers information exchange
Note 1 - Stage C can be developedbefore with Stage B.
Note 2 – The evolution may not be sequential, e.g. Stage B & C may be developed seperatelyin parallel, and may then be interconnected later.
Port Community SystemInformation Exchange
National e-logistics Platform
An Evolutionary Long-term Roadmap for SW Development(but not necessary in a sequential fashion)
FreightForwarders
22
Single Window beyond
Border: Regional Initiatives
Type Countries/Economies/Cases
National
Single Window (in
Operation)
Azerbaijan, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Republic of
Korea, Singapore, Thailand
Single Window
(under Development)
All other ASEAN countries, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic,
Mongolia, Turkey, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Russian Federation,
India
Other Paperless
Trade Systems
- India’s Indian Customs EDI System (ICES)
- China’s e-Ports
- Digital Trade & Transport Network (DTTN) of Hong Kong, China
- Pakistan’s Web-Based One Customs (WeBOC)
Bilateral Initiatives
- Electronic Certificate of Origin between Republic of Korea and
Taiwan Province of China
- Electronic Exchange of Preferential Certificate of Origin among
ASEAN members
- Electronic Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (e-SPS) exchange
between Australia and New Zealand
Subregional /Regional Initiatives
- ASEAN Single Window
- Pan Asian e-Commerce Alliance (PAA)
- ESCAP Regional Agreement for the facilitation of cross-
border paperless trade (under negotiation)
“an ongoing community of
knowledge and practice to
facilitate the implementation
of single window and
paperless trade in the Asia-
Pacific region ”
– Tools and guides development activities
– Advocacy and Technical Training Workshops
– Knowledge sharing and peer-to-peer support
United Nations Network of Experts for Paperless Trade and Transport in Asia and the Pacific
23
unnext.unescap.org
UNNExT Single Window Implementation Toolkit for Trade Facilitation
*For more information, visit: unnext.unescap.org
*
Strong Intergovernmental
Commitment: ASEAN Single
Window (ASW)
Source: ASW Technical Guide V6 (2006)
ASW Architecture Design
Source: Marianne Wong , UNNExT Brief No. 13 (2015)
http://unnext.unescap.org/pub/brief13.pdf
29
� Strong top-down intergovernmental agreement helps
parties to take proactive actions.
� Progress is slow, even at the level of implementing
National Single Windows (NSWs), mainly due to capacity
gaps among members.
� Pilot trade data exchange has started with selected
documents and data among ready members – Customs
declaration and preferential certificate of origin
� Full operation of ASW may take quite a long time, yet it
may not be able to share trade data at a whole document
level, but at specific data level.
ASW Development & Progress
30
Private Sector led Regional
Initiative: Pan Asian
eCommerce Alliance (PAA)
PAA: Case of electronic certificate of Origin
Source: UNNExT Brief No. 9 (2009)
http://unnext.unescap.org/pub/brief9.pdf
� PAA innovates its business models to enable cross-border
trade data exchange and achieved good progress in
facilitating B2B trade transaction data, but has limited
success in facilitating B2G trade data exchange, let alone
G2G.
� As an alliance of private sector service providers, PAA
cannot provide intergovernmental coordination in
facilitating cross-border trade data exchange.
“express our strong collective commitment to support the Regional
Agreement/Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Cross-border
Paperless Trade for sustainable intraregional trade facilitation”
PAA Declaration (Dec 2013)
PAA: intergovernmental framework needed to
support cross-border exchange of electronic trade
documents
* Challenges to moving forward
on cross-border paperless
trade�Adoption of common
International Standards
�Harmonization of legal frameworks
�Capacity gaps among the parties
�Cooperation between public and private sectors
�Lack of intergovernmental coordination mechanism
• Key features of current draft text
• Objective: to facilitate cross-border paperless trade (by providing a dedicated intergovernmental framework to develop legal and technical solutions)
• A set of general principles to facilitate interoperability between paperless trade systems and that solutions developed under the arrangement lead both to higher levels of trade facilitation and regulatory compliance
• A multi-layered institutional arrangement as an operating platform
• A comprehensive action plan to develop standardized solutions and protocols for cross-border electronic exchange and recognition of trade-related data and documents, including pilot projects
• Strong capacity building provisions
• UN treaty text (i.e., once text is finalized, it would be opened for signature by willing ESCAP Member states; would come into force after 5 ESCAP Member States sign and ratify it)
• The issue: Facilitating international trade inherently requires that information flows seamlessly across borders along international supply chains, but this has yet to happen as paperless trade systems (e.g., SW) have focused only on electronic exchange of data/documents among domestic stakeholders.
• Link to WTO TFA: Complementary to the WTO TFA,
as aimed at facilitating application of information and communication technologies to trade facilitation measures (including single window)
8
Process & progress towards a regional arrangement on the facilitation of cross-border paperless trade
Regional
study/
Expert
reviews
Member
Consul-
tations
Ad hoc
Inter-
govern-mental
meeting
Moving
Forward
•Feasibility Study
for a regional
arrangement
(Aug-Dec 2012)
•Expert Review
Meeting (1 Nov
2012) and online
Review (Feb.
2013)
•Two Expert
Group Meetings
(Mar. - May 2013)
•3 sub-regional
(Southeast, South &
South West, and East
and North-East)
meetings (July 2013)
•Regional meeting
(Sep. 2013)
• Report to 3rd Session
of Committee on
Trade and Investment
(Nov 2013)
• Negotiation and
improvement of the
draft text of regional
arrangement (April
2014)
• Decision to establish an
Interim
Intergovernmental
Steering Group on
Cross-border Paperless
Trade Facilitation
• Report Implementation
progress to the 70th Session
of the Commission (Aug
2014)
• Interim Intergovernmental
Steering Group further
improves the draft text of a
regional arrangement , and
start drafting a roadmap for
implementation (April 2015)
Please visit http://unnext.unescap.org/reso683.asp for details.
Way Forward on the Regional Arrangement on the Facilitation of Cross-Border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific
• First Meeting of the Interim Intergovernmental Steering Group on Cross-Border Paperless Trade held on 1-3 April 2014 in Bangkok
•Meeting decided to establish LEGAL and TECHNICAL Working Groups
• All Seat of Governments to nominate PUBLIC and/or PRIVATE sector experts to the Working Groups by the end of July 2015• To meet in Bangkok in September and November 2015, and report to
the 2nd Steering Group Meeting in April 2016
Top Related