Introduction to MultimediaIntroduction to Multimedia
The beginning ( History )… The beginning ( History )…
1945 : “…a device in which one stores all 1945 : “…a device in which one stores all his books, records and communications, his books, records and communications, and which is mechanized so that it can be and which is mechanized so that it can be consulted with exceeding speed and consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.”supplement to his memory.”
Con’t ...Con’t ...
1969 - Early Hypertext and Collaborative 1969 - Early Hypertext and Collaborative researchresearch
Hypertext - the linking of associated data for Hypertext - the linking of associated data for easy accesseasy access
Hypermedia- the linking of any form of Hypermedia- the linking of any form of mediamedia
Con’t ...Con’t ...Interactive multiperson editing, branching Interactive multiperson editing, branching to different files, text search facilities, and to different files, text search facilities, and outline processingoutline processingHypertext editing system on an IBM 360Hypertext editing system on an IBM 360Research continued by a 4th gen system, Research continued by a 4th gen system, Intermedia, includes animation and video Intermedia, includes animation and video toolstools
Con’t...Con’t...1976 - AMG - Spatial Data Management1976 - AMG - Spatial Data Management– user would access a data item by traveling to it in user would access a data item by traveling to it in
a virtual space instead of referencing.a virtual space instead of referencing.
1971 - E-mail1971 - E-mail
Con’tCon’t
1980-1983 - Dave Backer - Electronic 1980-1983 - Dave Backer - Electronic BookBook
New system combining features of print, New system combining features of print, broadcast, and computer media. broadcast, and computer media.
- Book like interface. - Book like interface.
- Touch screen interface.- Touch screen interface.
- annotations could be added- annotations could be added
- integrated sound, data, images, and video- integrated sound, data, images, and video
Con’tCon’t
1985 - Negroponte & Jerome Wiesner - MIT 1985 - Negroponte & Jerome Wiesner - MIT Media Lab (circa 1985)Media Lab (circa 1985)
- 11 research groups (EP, Film&Video, Visual - 11 research groups (EP, Film&Video, Visual Language, Elec.Music, Imaging and Language, Elec.Music, Imaging and Photography, Learning, Movies of the future, Photography, Learning, Movies of the future, Advanced TV Research, Speech Processing, Advanced TV Research, Speech Processing, HCI)HCI)
Con’t...Con’t...Olivetti Research Lab - Cambridge, EnglandOlivetti Research Lab - Cambridge, England– Active Badge - dynamic locator system. Made Active Badge - dynamic locator system. Made
use of sensors in a building to track the badges use of sensors in a building to track the badges being carried by people.being carried by people.
1990 - 1992 Apple Computer Multimedia Lab - 1990 - 1992 Apple Computer Multimedia Lab - Kristina Hooper WoosleyKristina Hooper Woosley- Multimedia in education- Multimedia in education- Visual Almanac (Directory)- Visual Almanac (Directory)
Con’t…Con’t…
1989 - Tim Bernes-Lee - proposed WWW 1989 - Tim Bernes-Lee - proposed WWW European Council for Nuclear ResearchEuropean Council for Nuclear Research
1994 - Jim Clark & Marc Andersen - 1994 - Jim Clark & Marc Andersen - NetscapeNetscape
1995 - First Java Applet - “Duke”1995 - First Java Applet - “Duke”
1996 - Microsoft Internet Explorer1996 - Microsoft Internet Explorer
Definition of MultimediaDefinition of Multimedia
EtymologyEtymology
Multi - Multi - (Latin) “(Latin) “multusmultus” - numerous or ” - numerous or manymany
Media - Media - (Latin) “(Latin) “mediummedium” - middle or ” - middle or center. More recently intermediarycenter. More recently intermediary
Multimedia - Multimedia - “multiple intermediaries”“multiple intermediaries” or or “multiple means”“multiple means”
Multimedia is ...Multimedia is ...
““The use of computers to present text, The use of computers to present text, graphics, video, animation and sound in graphics, video, animation and sound in an integrated way.”an integrated way.”
““Multiple means by which information is Multiple means by which information is stored, transmitted, presented, and stored, transmitted, presented, and perceived”perceived”
Interactive Multimedia is ...Interactive Multimedia is ...
““Seamless digital integration of text, Seamless digital integration of text, graphics, animation, audio, still images graphics, animation, audio, still images and motion video in a way that provides and motion video in a way that provides individual users with high levels of control individual users with high levels of control and interaction.”and interaction.”
Characteristics of MultimediaCharacteristics of Multimedia
Must be computer controlledMust be computer controlled
Must be integratedMust be integrated
Information must be presented digitallyInformation must be presented digitally
The interface to the user may or may not The interface to the user may or may not permit interactivitypermit interactivity
Categories of Multimedia Categories of Multimedia SystemsSystems
Stand-alone MultimediaStand-alone Multimedia
Individual computer-based trainingIndividual computer-based training
CD-ROMCD-ROM
Individual computer-based educationIndividual computer-based education
Personal Computers Personal Computers
Categories of Multimedia Categories of Multimedia SystemsSystems
Networked MultimediaNetworked Multimedia
Genuinely networked multimedia Genuinely networked multimedia - - videoconferencing, multimedia electronic videoconferencing, multimedia electronic mailmail
Client-server applications Client-server applications - pooling of - pooling of resources such as a video disk unitresources such as a video disk unit
Benefits of MultimediaBenefits of Multimedia
Easy to understand and useEasy to understand and use
integrated and interactiveintegrated and interactive
conducive to cooperative work conducive to cooperative work environmentenvironment
flexibleflexible
supportive of a large audiencesupportive of a large audience
Challenges of MultimediaChallenges of Multimedia
Computing power Computing power
Data storage and managementData storage and management
human interface usabilityhuman interface usability
network latency and throughputnetwork latency and throughput
Hardware and Software Hardware and Software ConsiderationsConsiderations
Computing Capabilities ChartComputing Capabilities Chart
Text Graphics Color Animation Sound Video
Important ConsiderationsImportant Considerations
Multimedia require huge amounts of Multimedia require huge amounts of storage during both the development and storage during both the development and application stages.application stages.
The large amount of data that needs to be The large amount of data that needs to be transmitted requires a large bandwidth.transmitted requires a large bandwidth.
Multimedia requires a fast processor speed Multimedia requires a fast processor speed due to the large amount of data required for due to the large amount of data required for sound and video.sound and video.
Multimedia requires a high display depth.Multimedia requires a high display depth.
Progression of TechnologyProgression of Technology
1975 - first personal computers were 1975 - first personal computers were marketedmarketed
- low processing power- low processing power
- black and green text-only screens- black and green text-only screens
- accounting and inventory- accounting and inventory
Progression Con’t...Progression Con’t...
1980 - addition of hard disk storage and 1980 - addition of hard disk storage and simple graphicssimple graphics
- forecasting and statistics- forecasting and statistics
1987 - capability to display color1987 - capability to display color
- more advanced graphics, sound and - more advanced graphics, sound and animationanimation
Progression Con’t...Progression Con’t...
1995 - capability to integrate digital video, 1995 - capability to integrate digital video, sound, animation and text into one sound, animation and text into one packagepackage
- increased emphasis on communication - increased emphasis on communication capabilities & sharing of informationcapabilities & sharing of information
- simulations, Internet, presentations- simulations, Internet, presentations
Hardware RequirementsHardware Requirements
Depends on what type of multimedia Depends on what type of multimedia products you wish to produceproducts you wish to produce
Software Software
Adobe Photoshop - Graphic Adobe Photoshop - Graphic manipulation; industry standard image manipulation; industry standard image processing toolprocessing toolAdobe Premiere - Digitized Video Adobe Premiere - Digitized Video ManipulationManipulationMacromedia Flash- Create Vector-Macromedia Flash- Create Vector-based interactive animations for web based interactive animations for web delivery. Designed for low bandwidth delivery. Designed for low bandwidth internet deliveryinternet delivery
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