Introduction toMARC Records and RDA
Loralyn FelixFebruary 6, 2012
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“Access to information does not happen by accident or by magic.”
Allison G. Kaplan and Ann Marlow Riedling
Catalog It!: A Guide to Cataloging School Library Materials
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Cataloging
Cataloging is an important part of a school library media specialists work!
Well maintained library catalogs…
Let users know what is available
Ensure library materials are easily accessible
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Cataloging
In the past, librarians kept track of library holdings with handwritten or typed records that were filed in card catalogs.
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Cataloging
Card catalogs typically provided three main access points for materials Main author’s name Title of the item Subject(s) covered in the item
Sometimes other access points were included Additional authors Illustrators Name of series
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Cataloging
Now, librarians use computers to create records and upload them into online catalogs.
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MARC Records
MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC) format... Possible to encode records so that all areas
can be searchable The Library of Congress establishes official
rules and documentation Libraries throughout the world follow this
professional standard
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MARC Records
School library media automation systems such as Alexandria and Koha have been programmed to recognize MARC files
Vendor supplied records easily loaded MARC records found in other library’s
online catalogs downloaded and imported Original MARC records can be created by
manually entering information into a template
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What does a MARC record look like?
The computer sees…01356cam 2200313 a
45000010009000000050017000090080041000269060045000679250044001129550276001560100017004320200018004490400018004670420014004850500022004990820014005211000035005352450100005702500012006702600050006823000032007325000059007645000037008235200069008606500017009297000025009467000023009717000048009941657496020120229121343.0101210s2011 maua c 000 1 eng a7bcbccorignewd1eecipf20gy-gencatlg0 aacquireb2 shelf copiesxpolicy default bxc11 2010-12-10cxc11 2010-12-10axc09 2011-01-25ixc09 2011-02-01 swapped the a.e. and the m.e., added qualifer to John Paterson's name, added title a.e., to cipaxn02 2011-11-18 1 copy rec'd., to CIP ver.fxc15 2012-01-11 copy 1 to shelftrc20 2012-02-29 copy 2 to BCCD a 2010048225 a9780763647124 aDLCcDLCdDLC alcacapcc00aPZ8.P273bFl 201100a[Fic]2221 aPaterson, Johnq(John Barstow)14aThe flint heart :ba fairy story /cby Katherine and John Paterson ; illustrated by John Rocco. a1st ed. aSomerville, Mass. :bCandlewick Press,c2011. a288 :bcol. ill. ;c22 cm. a"Freely abridged from Eden Phillpotts's 1910 fantasy." a"Reinforced trade edition"--Jkt. aA magical amulet brings power and despair to those who touch it. 1aFairy tales.1 aPaterson, Katherine.1 aRocco, John,eill.1 aPhillpotts, Eden,d1862-1960.tFlint heart.
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What does a MARC record look like?
000 01356cam a2200313 a 450001 16574960005 20120229121343.0008 101210s2011 maua c 000 1 eng906 __ |a 7 |b cbc |c orignew |d 1 |e ecip |f 20 |g y-gencatlg925 0_ |a acquire |b 2 shelf copies |x policy default955 __ |b xc11 2010-12-10 |c xc11 2010-12-10 |a xc09 2011-01-25 |i xc09 2011-02-01 swapped the a.e. and the m.e., added
qualifer to John Paterson’s name, added title a.e., to cip |a xn02 2011-11-18 1 copy rec’d., to CIP ver. |f xc15 2012-01-11 copy 1 to shelf |t rc20 2012-02-29 copy 2 to BCCD
010 __ |a 2010048225020 __ |a 9780763647124040 __ |a DLC |c DLC |d DLC042 __ |a lcac |a pcc050 00 |a PZ8.P273 |b Fl 2011082 00 |a [Fic] |2 22100 1_ |a Paterson, John |q (John Barstow)245 14 |a The flint heart : |b a fairy story / |c by Katherine and John Paterson ; illustrated by John Rocco.250 __ |a 1st ed.260 __ |a Somerville, Mass. : |b Candlewick Press, |c 2011.300 __ |a 288 : |b col. ill. ; |c 22 cm.500 __ |a "Freely abridged from Eden Phillpotts’s 1910 fantasy."500 __ |a "Reinforced trade edition"--Jkt.520 __ |a A magical amulet brings power and despair to those who touch it.650 _1 |a Fairy tales.700 1_ |a Paterson, Katherine.700 1_ |a Rocco, John, |e ill.700 1_ |a Phillpotts, Eden, |d 1862-1960. |t Flint heart.
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What does a MARC record look like?
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MARC Records
“The good news is that catalogers don’t have to know exactly how the computer finds the information but they do need to know where to put the information, and how to tag it, so that the computer can do its job.”
Karen Burns
SW Iowa Regional Library
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MARC records
The basic divisions of a MARC record are:0XX Control information, standard and classification
numbers, codes1XX Main entry (author or body responsible for the work)2XX Titles, edition, imprint (in general, the title, statement of responsibility, edition, and publication information)3XX Physical description, etc.4XX Series statements (as shown in the item)5XX Notes6XX Subject added entries7XX Added entries other than subject or series8XX Series added entries (other authoritative forms)
9XX Local library information (Not part of the USMARC format)
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MARC records
Most commonly used MARC tags include:010Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)100 Personal name main entry (author)245 Title information (includes title information and statement of responsibility)250 Edition260 Publication information300 Physical description490 Series statement520 Annotation or summary note650 Topical subject heading700 Personal name added entry (joint author, editor, or illustrator)
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MARC records
Some fields are further defined by indicators. In the 245 field below, the field tag is followed by two indicators. There are also three subfields which are identified by delimiters and subfield codes.
245 14 $a The flint heart : $b a fairy story / $c by Katherine and John Paterson ; illustrated by John Rocco.
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Cataloging
Rules and standards govern the way information is entered into MARC records Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, Second
Edition (AACR2) Cataloging code followed in North America
since 1978 Revisions have been made to accommodate
new types of resources and changes in technology
Resource Description and Access (RDA) will soon replace AACR2
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Cataloging Resource Description and Access (RDA)
Designed to better accommodate the digital environment and intended to Support all types of content and media Work well with newly emerging resources Function in a variety of technological
environments (MARC 21 for now, Web environment in the future)
Backward compatible with AACR2 Library of Congress (LC) plans to complete
transition to RDA by March 31, 2013
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Cataloging
Catalogers will need to… Learn new terminology
Main Entry = Preferred Access Point Authorized Heading = Authorized Access
Point “See” References = Variant Access Points
Understand how to enter information Most traditional cataloging abbreviations will
be replaced with words and phrases Information will be recorded as it appears Other changes
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Cataloging
“Terminology should be understandable across a wide range of information environments, not just in the library community.”
[S.l.] [Place of publication not identified][s.n.] [Publisher not identified]p. pagesv. volumescol. ill. color illustrationsb&w black and whiteill. Illustrations
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Cataloging
Catalogers will need to… Include relationship information in 100/110 and
700/710 fields using $e Start using new MARC fields (a few examples)
264 tag in place of 260 tag for publication information 336 tag for Content type
$a text $2 rdacontent $a spoken word $2 rdacontent
337 tag for Media type$a unmediated $2 rdamedia $ audio $2 rdamedia
338 tag for Carrier type$a volume $2 rdacarrier $ computer disc $2
rdacarrier21
AACR2 RDA020 ## $a 9780061992254099 ## $a Fic A6488o 100 1# $a Applegate, Katherine $e author.245 14 $a The ONE AND ONLY IVAN / $c Katherine Applegate ; illustrations by Patricia Castelao.250 ## $a 1st ed.264 #1 $a New York, N.Y. : $b Harper, $c [2012]264 #4 $c ©2012.300 ## $a 305 pages : $b illustrations ; $c 21 cm336 ## $a text $2 rdacontent337 ## $a unmediated $2 rdamedia338 ## $a volume $2 rdacarrier520 ## $a When Ivan, a gorilla who has lived for years in a down-and-out circus-themed mall, meets Ruby a baby elephant that has been added to the mall, he decides that he must find her a better life.650 #0 $a Gorilla $v Juvenile fiction.650 #0 $a Elephants $v Juvenile fiction.650 #0 $a Friendship $v Juvenile fiction.650 #0 $a Animal welfare $v Juvenile fiction.700 1# $a Castelao, Patricia $e illustrator.
020 ## $a 9780061992254099 ## $a Fic A6488o100 1# $a Applegate, Katherine.245 14 $a The one and only Ivan / $c Katherine Applegate ; illustrations by Patricia Castelao.250 ## $a 1st ed.260 ## $a New York : $b Harper, $c c2012.300 ## $a 305 p. : $b ill. ; $c 21 cm.520 ## $a When Ivan, a gorilla who has lived for years in a down-and-out circus-themed mall, meets Ruby a baby elephant that has been added to the mall, he decides that he must find her a better life.650 #0 $a Gorilla $v Juvenile fiction.650 #0 $a Elephants $v Juvenile fiction.650 #0 $a Friendship $v Juvenile fiction.650 #0 $a Animal welfare $v Juvenile fiction.700 1# $a Castelao, Patricia $e ill.
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Cataloging
How will RDA impact school libraries? Vendors will begin providing RDA records Automated library systems may need to be
updated to work with new RDA records Helpful for school library media specialists to
have a basic knowledge about RDA standards Information should be entered according to RDA
standards when creating original records Records in school library catalogs will include
fewer abbreviations and some new terminology
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“RDA goes beyond earlier cataloging codes in that it provides guidelines on cataloging digital resources and places a stronger emphasis on helping users find, identify, select, and obtain the information they want.”
American Library Association, Canadian Library Association
CILIP: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals
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ReferencesAdamich, Tom. 2008. Resource Description and Access (RDA): The new way to say, AACR2. Knowledge
Quest 36, no. 3 (January-February): 72-76. http://librarystaffdevelopment.wikispaces.com/file/view/RDA+The-New-Way-to-Say.pdf (accessed February 4, 2013).
American Library Association, Canadian Library Association, and CILIP: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals. 2012. RDA toolkit: Resource description & access. American Library Association, Canadian Library Association, and CILIP: Chartered Institute of Library http://www.rdatoolkit.org/about (accessed March 12, 2012).
Anhalt, Joy, and Richard A. Stewart. 2012. RDA simplified. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 50, no. 1:33-42.
Burns, Karen. 1999. MARC records frequently asked questions. Iowa Library Service Districts. http://www.ilsa.lib.ia.us/marcfaq.htm (accessed February 1, 2013).
Hart, Amy. 2010. Getting ready for RDA: What you need to know. Library Media Connection 29, no. 2 (October-November): 30-32. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed February 4, 2013).
Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA. 2010. RDA: Resource description and access. http://www.rda-jsc.org/rda.html (accessed March 8, 2012).
Kaplan, Allison G., and Ann Marlow Riedling. 2006. Catalog it: A guide to cataloging school library materials. Worthington, Ohio; Linworth Books.
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References
Rhodes, Chris. 2010. Chris Oliver on RDA and the future of cataloging. ALA Editions. (December). http://www.alaeditions.org/blog/52/chris-oliver-rda-and-future-cataloging (accessed March 15, 2012).
The Library of Congress. 2012. Library of Congress Online Catalog. http://catalog.loc.gov/ (accessed February 4, 2013).
The Library of Congress. 2012. Resource description and access (RDA): Information and resources in preparation for RDA. http://www.loc.gov/aba/rda/ (accessed March 20, 2012).
Utah State Library. 2012. Cataloging basics. http://library.utah.gov/programs/development/cataloging/ basics.html (accessed December 4, 2012).
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Image SourcesBooks. [Online image]. http://www.epm.org/resources/2010/Feb/25/ripple-effect-word-more-
thoughts-reading-and-writi/ (accessed February 5, 2013).
Books on Shelves. [Online image]. http://www.sodahead.com/living/how-often-do-you-read/question-3435363/ (accessed February 5, 2013).
Card catalog. [Online image]. http://www.flickr.com/photos/mamsy/4175783446/sizes/m/in /photostream/ (accessed March 19, 2012).
Cards in catalog drawer. [Online image]. http://etseq.law.harvard.edu/2008/10/852_rare_october_2008/ (accessed February 3, 2013).
Southern Utah University Sherratt Library online catalog record. [Screen shot]. http://unicorn.li.suu.edu/uhtbin /cgisirsi/?ps (accessed February 3, 2013).
Library of Congress online catalog record. [Screen shot]. http://lccn.loc.gov/ (accessed February 4, 2013).
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