Interoperability Standards
802.21, UMA/GAN 802.11u Industry Standards
Interoperability Overview
• Motivation
• 802.21
• GAN/UMA
• 802.11u
• Industry Standards
3G WWAN3G WWAN
Different Networks Available in Different Areas
HomeHome
AirportAirport
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3
Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6
Zone 7 Zone 9WiMAXWiMAX Zone 8 WiMAXWiMAX
Radio StateRadio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Radio StateRadio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Radio StateRadio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Radio StateRadio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Radio StateRadio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Radio StateRadio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Radio StateRadio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
IEEE 802.21 for Network DiscoveryIEEE 802.21 for Network DiscoveryIEEE 802.21 for Network DiscoveryIEEE 802.21 for Network DiscoveryIEEE 802.21, SIP, VCC, IMS, for Network Selection and Service IEEE 802.21, SIP, VCC, IMS, for Network Selection and Service Continuity across multiple radios (3G WWAN Continuity across multiple radios (3G WWAN Wi-Fi Wi-Fi WiMAX) WiMAX)
IEEE 802.21, SIP, VCC, IMS, for Network Selection and Service IEEE 802.21, SIP, VCC, IMS, for Network Selection and Service Continuity across multiple radios (3G WWAN Continuity across multiple radios (3G WWAN Wi-Fi Wi-Fi WiMAX) WiMAX)802.21, SIP, IMS for Service Continuity (Wi-Fi 802.21, SIP, IMS for Service Continuity (Wi-Fi WiMAX) WiMAX)802.21, SIP, IMS for Service Continuity (Wi-Fi 802.21, SIP, IMS for Service Continuity (Wi-Fi WiMAX) WiMAX)VCC, SIP, IMS for Call Continuity (3G WWAN VCC, SIP, IMS for Call Continuity (3G WWAN Wi-Fi) Wi-Fi)VCC, SIP, IMS for Call Continuity (3G WWAN VCC, SIP, IMS for Call Continuity (3G WWAN Wi-Fi) Wi-Fi)
Plug into power jack Wakeup Wi-FiContinue over Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi Link Going Down.
Operator initiated switch to WiMAXContinue session on WiMAXShutdown Wi-Fi
Connect to Wi-Fi
Battery level lowShutdown WiMAXSwitch to 3G WWAN
Wakeup Wi-Fi
Continue session on Wi-Fi
Operating on 3G WWAN
Continue session on 3G WWAN
V. Gupta, “IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER,” IEEE 802.21 session #15 July 17, 2006
Operators Approaches
Similar views may exist as mentioned for mobile operatorsThe opinion depends on whether VHO is used for attracting
new customers or for defending the old customer base.
Here the view may depend on whether target is to have different or the same service portfolio for old fixed and mobile customers
Thus several opinions probably exist.
Fixed & Mobile Operators
Fixed & Mobile Operators
Mobile OperatorsMobile Operators
Cable & Fixed Operators ,
MVNOs
Cable & Fixed Operators ,
MVNOs
Operator with smaller customer base may have following view: Any WLAN access point can be allowed for VHO.Allowing access anywhere will attract more customers.
While operator with already large customer base may think:Allow only WLAN APs at customers’ homes for VHO access, to
ensure that cellular revenues are also maintained.Reason could be that access pricing is defined lower than in cellular.
Operators may have different views on where the WLAN APs are allowed to be used for UMA access
I, Niva, “UMA – “Unlicensed Mobile Access” on the way to VoIP” Wireless Cities Conference06
Handover Standards
IEEE
802.11r802.16e
3GPP/2
VCC I-WLAN
SAE-LTE
Horizontal Handovers
IP Mobility & Handover Signaling
Inter-working & Handover Signaling
IEEE802.21
IETF
MIPFMIP
SIP
HIPNETLMM
DNA MIPSHOP
802.21
Media Independent Handover (MIH)
802.21 Motivation• Incorrect Network Selection
– Ability of a device to choose it’s connection was hopeless. You could often connect at L2, but not at the network layer. The PC would often connect to the wrong one of many available APs, based on signal strength criteria alone.
• Increasing number of interfaces on devices – Problem could extend to cover multiple
interfaces.• Various fast handover mechanisms in IETF
– MIPv4, FMIPv6• IETF anticipated L2 constructs in
standardized form – Triggers, events, hints etc, but 802 was not
providing them in a standard form or a media independent form
March2003
CFI.
802 Handover
ECSG Formed by
SEC
PAR & 5C
SubmissionInitial WG Meeting
EC PAR Approval
May2003
Jan2003
802 Handover Tutorial
July2003
Sept2003
Nov2003
Jan2004
p ii p pi i
First Meeting of
ECSG
Mar2004
p
http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt
My DeskUndocked & walking around
Headed out of the building
802.3802.11802.16
Internet
802.21: Key Services
Link Layer TriggersState Change
PredictiveNetwork Initiated
Network InformationAvailable NetworksNeighbor MapsNetwork ServicesHandover Commands
Client InitiatedNetwork Initiated
Vertical Handovers
802.21 uses multiple services to Optimize Vertical Handovers
802.21 MIH Function
Protocol and Device Hardware
Applications (VoIP/RTP)
Connection Management
WLAN Cellular WMAN
L2 Triggers and Events
Information Service
Mobility Management Protocols
Smart Triggers
Information Service
Handover Messages
Handover Management
Handover Policy
Handover Messages IE
EE
80
2.2
1IE
TF
http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt
Media specific Amendments
•MIH Protocol (MAC independent messages) defined in 802.21•Container for MIH messages for 802.11 defined in 802.11u•Container for MIH messages for 802.16 defined in 802.16g•Working with 3GPP-SAE for 3GPP specific changes•Transport for MIH Protocol defined in IETF (MIPSHOP)
Media specific changes closely follow base protocol http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt
802.21 Information
Server
Media Independent Information Service
WMAN
WLAN
WWAN
Network Type
SSID/ Cell ID
BSSID Operator Security NW Channel QoS Physical Layer
Data Rate
GSM 13989 N/A AT&T NA NA 1900 N/A N/A 9.6 kbps
Network Type
SSID/ Cell ID
BSSID Operator Security NW Channel QoS Physical Layer
Data Rate
GSM 13989 N/A AT&T NA NA 1900 N/A N/A 9.6 kbps
802.11b Intel 00:00:… Intel .11i EAP-PEAP
6 .11e OFDM 11 Mbps
Network Type
SSID/ Cell ID
BSSID Operator Security EAP Type
Channel QoS Physical Layer
Data Rate
GSM 13989 N/A Oper-1 NA NA 1900 N/A N/A 9.6 Kbps
802.11n Enterprise
00:00:… Oper-2 .11i EAP-PEAP
6 .11e OFDM 100 Mbps
802.16e NA NA Oper-3 PKM EAP-PEAP
11 Yes OFDM 40 Mbps
Global Network Map•List of Available Networks - 802.11/16/22, GSM, UMTS•Link Layer Information - Neighbor Maps•Higher Layer Services - ISP, MMS, ….
802.21 Overview
http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt
Types of Handover Based on Control Model
•Terminal Controlled• Terminal makes use of some MIH services
•Terminal Initiated, Network Assisted• Terminal makes use of MIH Information Service
•Network Initiated and Network Controlled• Network makes use of MIH Event and Command Service, plus Information Service knowledge, to decide if handover is needed/desired, to decide the target, and to command the terminal to handover
http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt
UMA
UMA Overview
• UMA allows to access the mobile voice and data services of the cellular network over a Wireless LAN
• Subscribers are enabled to roam and handover between cellular networks and wireless networks
http://www.umatoday.com
UMA Architecture• Mobile devices access the Core Network through Unlicensed Mobile
Access Network (UMAN). • UMAN has 3 major entities
– Unlicensed wireless network – IP access network – UMA Network controller (UNC)
• UNC authorizes and authenticates the Mobile devices for accessing the Core Network
UMA Security
• Authentication – Authenticate MS with UNC to make secure
tunnel– Based GSM or UMTS credentials – Protocol of authentication is IKEv2– GSM : EAP-SIM or UMTS : EAP-AKA– Mutual Authentication of MS and Mobile
Network – Session Key Generation – IK and CK
802.11u
Interworking with External Networks
802.11u
• Standard out in 2009• Specifically addresses handoffs where user not
preauthorized (generally because from another network)
• Major Topics– Network Selection – Emergency Call support – Authorization from Subscriber Network, – Media Independent Handover Support
• Supporting information and control messages of 802.21
Network Selection• STA (clients) need to know the roaming suitability before
authenticating/associating (in state-1) with the AP• Roaming information of various hotspots is not scalable to be configured on
the client• Roaming information includes
– Is this WLAN suitable for roaming?– What is the SSID that client to connect?
• Who provides this information?– The home network (called SSPN in TGu terminology) or– A trusted source that has this roaming information
• But could the home SSPN be located far away?• How is the query routed/switched to the destination?• What are the query semantics used?
E-911 call• Intended to provide normal service on unlicensed
network• Support e911 STA calls without authentication
credentials – Access control limited to only e911 calls– Authorized STA is straightforward– Location information not available, but may be available in
task group v• Public User Credentials
– Allow WPA capable SSID to support e911 calls– A well known public user id (NAI) is used for dummy
authentication– AAA server downloads restricted e911 policy to AP to
restrict traffic– Draft standard does not discuss security keys for
encryption– EBR in QoS Setup
• Open Auth SSID– Special SSID without any security support is configured for
emergency– Simple MAC level solution, with no AAA involvement =>
Applicable for certain situations– Open auth association but AP may configure this SSID to
only use a certain VLAN destined for emergency use only EBR in QoS Setup
Other Handoff/Interoperability Standards
VCC• Status
– Initiated within 3GPP in June 2005– 2006 through requirements, has only fully completed the requirements stage,
• Different technologies agree to virtual channel– Joint control impossible
• Some argue inferior to UMA– http://www.kineto.com/products/downloads/kineto_wp_UMA_VCC_2007.pdf
• Some argue better than UMA– http://www-hk.huawei.com/publications/view.do?id=1480&cid=2622&pid=127
Other Cellular + WiFi• Seamless Converged Communication Across
Network (SCCAN)– Motorola, Proxim, Avaya – Enterprise solutions– http://www.sccan.org/
• Mobile Integrated Go-to-Market Network IP Telephony Experience (Mobile IGNITE)– Vendor driven solution– http://www.bridgeport-networks.com/partners/
mobileignite.html • Wireless Wireline Convergence Working Group
– Alcatel, Cisco (International Packet Communications Consortium)
– http://www.packetcomm.org/index.shtml• Bottom line
– Even for standard convergence type activities there’s many different emerging standards.
– Need for special radios to navigate standards?
Mobile IGNITE
http://www.spectralink.com/products/images/NL-01.gif
Interoperability Summary• Proliferation of standards +
lack of silver bullet standard means that optimal access technology will vary
• Supporting growth in use of VoIP will make networks less dependent on particular access technologies
• Biggest issues are:– Getting industries to agree
(Herding cats)– Managing security across
heterogeneous networks– Harmonizing handoff routines
• 802.21 is the standard that ties together the vertical handoff standards
• More information–Talk tonight (Oct 4) in Charlottesville on 802.21
–6:00 PM: Social hour - Pizza & soda sponsored by Tyco Electronics
–7:00 PM: Speaker Vivek Gupta - Intel Corporation
–Where: University of Virginia, Olsson Hall, Room 120
-03-02-01-00-99-98-97-96-95-94-93 -07 e
-92 -04-05e
-06e
-08 e
Mobile voice trafficFixed voice trafficVoIP traffic
Rapid growth ?Rapid growth ?
Source: Nokia 13.6.2005Technology used to terminate the call
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