Space Agencies of the world CruxGerman Aero Space Center
Headquarters: Cologne, Germany The National Centre for Space
Studies (CNES ; French: Centre national d'études spatiales)
is
the French space agency HQ - Paris It operates from the Toulouse
Space Center and Guiana Space Centre
Pakistan
The Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission ( SUPARCO ) is
the national space agency of Pakistan.
HQ - Karachi Established in 1961 Primacy spaceport – Sonmiani,
Balochistan Pakistan’s first satellite, Badr-I, was built by the
SUPARCO and launched from the Xichang
Satellite Launch Center, China on July 16, 1990
The European Space Agency is an intergovernmental organization of
22 member states dedicated to the exploration of space.
Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris , ESA Major
spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana. The
main European launch vehicle Ariane 5 ESA + NASA to manufacture the
Orion Spacecraft
The United Kingdom Space Agency
It is an executive agency of the Government of the United Kingdom,
responsible for the United Kingdom's civil space programme.
Headquarters : Swindon, United Kingdom Founded : 1 April 2010
China National Space Administration
Formed April 22, 1993 Headquarters - Haidian District, Beijing,
China Primary spaceports– Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Taiyuan
Satellite Launch Center Xichang Satellite Launch Center Beidou
navigation system, Tianwen 1, Chang e
CSIRO, Australia
Israel Space Agency
The agency was founded by the theoretical physicist Yuval Ne'eman
in 1983 Headquarters - Tel Aviv, Israel
The International Space Station (ISS) is a modular space station
(habitable artificial satellite) in low Earth orbit.
1 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
It is a multinational collaborative project involving five
participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscosmos
(Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), and CSA (Canada).
The station serves as a microgravity and space environment research
laboratory in which scientific research is conducted in
astrobiology, astronomy, meteorology, physics, and other
fields.
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) is an
independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for
the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and space
research.
NASA was established in 1958 On October 1, 1958 , NASA became
operational HQ: Washington, D.C., United States
Major achievements of NASA
NASA Apollo 11: NASA was the first to put humans on the moon, July
20, 1969. Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on
Moon.
Viking 1 was the first spacecraft to land on Mars and explore the
"Red Planet." The
unmanned spacecraft landed on Mars on July 20, 1976, and stayed on
the planet transmitting data and images for the next six
years.
The Mars Pathfinder mission successfully landed the Sojourner rover
on the surface of Mars, July 4, 1997, setting
the scene for future study of the "Red Planet."
Space Shuttle Columbia broke apart, February 1, 2003 , upon reentry
into the Earth's atmosphere after a successful research mission in
space. The pieces were delivered to the space center for
identification and investigation into the accident. Kalpana Chawla
was one of the seven crew members who died in the Space Shuttle
Columbia disaster
On July 7, 2003, NASA launched its second Mars Exploration Rover,
Opportunity , aboard a Delta II launch vehicle.
Opportunity and its twin rover Spirit landed on Mars in 2004 to
begin missions. Spirit lasted for six years while Opportunity ended
after almost 15 years in 2019.
The Cassini mission, launched jointly by NASA, the ESA and the ASI
to study Saturn in 1997, came to an end in 2017.
Juno is a NASA space probe orbiting the planet Jupiter . The
spacecraft was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on
the 5th of August 2011. Juno's mission is to measure Jupiter's
composition, gravitational field, magnetic field, and polar
magnetosphere. Juno is the second spacecraft to orbit Jupiter,
after the nuclear powered Galileo orbiter, which orbited from 1995
to 2003
New Horizons is a NASA mission to study the dwarf planet Pluto ,
its moons, and other objects in the Kuiper Belt.
2001 Mars Odyssey is a robotic spacecraft orbiting the planet Mars.
Its mission is to use spectrometers and a thermal imager to detect
evidence of past or present water and ice, as well as study the
planet's geology and radiation environment. The mission was named
as a tribute to Arthur C. Clarke, evoking the name of his and
Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey.
Curiosity is Mars rover designed to explore the Gale crater on Mars
as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission.
Launch date: 26 November 2011
2 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
Perseverance , Mars rover designed to explore the Jezero crater on
Mars as part of NASA's Mars 2020 mission. The rover also carried
the mini-helicopter Ingenuity to Mars, an experimental aircraft.
Dawn spacecraft was launched by NASA in September 2007 with the
mission of studying two of the three known
protoplanets of the asteroid belt: Vesta and Ceres .– Vesta in
2011-2012, and Ceres in 2015-2018.
Artemis program - NASA will land the first woman and first person
of color on the Moon.
InSight mission is a robotic lander designed to study the deep
interior of the planet Mars. The mission was launched on 5 May 2018
aboard an Atlas V-401 rocket and successfully landed on Mars on 26
November 2018.
OSIRIS-REx traveled to near-Earth asteroid Bennu and is bringing a
small sample back to Earth for study. The mission launched Sept. 8,
2016. The spacecraft reached Bennu in 2018 and will return a sample
to Earth in 2023.
JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) will explore Jupiter and three
of its icy moons in depth in 2022.
NASA-ISRO SAR Mission ( NISAR ) A dedicated U.S. and Indian InSAR
mission, in partnership with ISRO, optimized for studying hazards
and global environmental change.
SPHEREx mission - NASA mission that will help astronomers
understand both how our universe evolved, to launch in 2023.
The Magellan spacecraft was a robotic space probe launched by NASA
on May 4, 1989, to map the surface of Venus by using
synthetic-aperture radar and to measure the planetary gravitational
field.
The Parker Solar Probe launched in 2018 with the mission of making
observations of the outer corona of the Sun
Europa Clipper Set for a launch in October 2024, the spacecraft is
being
developed to study the Galilean moon Europa through a series of
flybys while in orbit around Jupiter.
Dragonfly is a planned spacecraft and NASA mission, which will send
a robotic rotorcraft to the surface of Titan, the largest moon of
Saturn.
NASA launch sites
Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida Vandenberg Space Force
Base, California Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex, Florida
Baikonur Cosmodrome, southern Kazakhstan
Famous telescopes
The Hubble Space Telescope (Launched on 24 April 1990) The Spitzer
Space Telescope (Launched on 25 August 2003) The Chandra X-ray
Observatory (Launched on 23 July 1999) The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space
Telescope (Launched on 11 June 2008) The Nancy Grace Roman Space
Telescope, formerly known as WFIRST, is an upcoming space
telescope. It will be
launched in 2025. The James Webb Space Telescope (Launch on 31
October 2021)
Roscosmos
Formed - 25 February 1992 Russian Federation responsible for space
flights, cosmonautics programs, and aerospace research.
3 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
Roscosmos is headquartered in Moscow Its launch facilities include
Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the world's first and largest
spaceport, and
Vostochny Cosmodrome.
Valentina Tereshkova is the first and youngest woman to have flown
in space with a solo mission on the Vostok 6 on 16 June 1963.
Yuri Gagrin is the first human to have flown in space Vostok 1,
completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961 (International human
space flight day) First artificial earth satellite: Sputnik The
Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first manmade object to orbit
the earth, on October 4, 1957. Laika was a Soviet space dog which
became the first animal to orbit the Earth in Soviet spacecraft
Sputnik 2 that
was launched into outer space on 3 November 1957. Died in space. On
August 19, 1960, the Soviets launched a pair of female dogs, Belka
and Strelka , into orbit aboard a new
spacecraft called Vostok. Came back Alive. Luna 2 became the first
human artifact to reach the moon when it crashed near the Sea of
Serenity on September 14,
1959. First spacewalk: Alexei Leonov Voskhod 2 mission’s Alexei
Leonov , March 18, 1965, became the first person to free-float in
space. Svetlana Savitskaya flew aboard Soyuz T-7 in 1982, becoming
the second woman in space. On her 1984 Soyuz T-12
mission she became the first woman to fly to space twice, and the
first woman to perform a spacewalk. First space rover (Lunokhod 1)
First sample of lunar soil automatically extracted and brought to
Earth (Luna 16) First space station (Salyut 1)
ISRO
Formed - 15 August 1969 Headquarters – Bangalore Primary spaceports
Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota Thumba Equatorial Rocket
Launching Station (TERLS) Thiruvananthapuram Kulasekharapatnam in
Tamil Nadu The Indian National Committee for Space Research (
INCOSPAR ) was established by Jawaharlal Nehru under the
Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) in 1962, on the urging of
scientist Vikram Sarabhai recognising the need in space
research.
INCOSPAR grew and became ISRO in 1969, within DAE. In 1972, the
Government of India had set up a Space Commission and the
Department of Space (DOS), bringing ISRO under the DOS.
ISRO built India's first satellite, Aryabhata , which was launched
by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1975 from Launch vehicle C-1
Intercosmos
India’s satellite man – Udupi Ramchandra Rao ISRO built India's
first satellite, Aryabhata , which was launched by the Soviet Union
on April 19, 1975 from Launch
vehicle C-1 Intercosmos India’s satellite man – Udupi Ramchandra
Rao In 1980, ISRO launched satellite RS-1 onboard its own SLV-3
making India the sixth country to be capable of
undertaking orbital launches. ISRO operates two satellite
navigation systems namely GAGAN and NAVIC . GPS-aided GEO augmented
navigation (GAGAN) – It was launched from GSAT-8 communication
satellite in 2001 The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
(IRNSS), with an operational name of NavIC (Navigation with
Indian Constellation), operational since 2018. Jul 18, 1980 Rohini
became the first satellite to be placed into orbit by an
Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3 Oct 22, 2008 ISRO sent an
unmanned lunar orbiter, Chandrayaan-1 , into orbit Sep 09, 2012
ISRO's 100th space mission was successfully launched using PSLV-C21
rocket . It also placed two
foreign satellites into the earth's orbit
4 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
Nov 5, 2013 India launched Mars Orbiter Mission on 5 November 2013
and entered Mars' orbit on 24 September, 2014, making India the
first nation to succeed on its maiden attempt to Mars. ISRO became
the fourth space agency in the world, as well as the first space
agency in Asia, to reach the Mars orbit
Feb 15, 2017 On 15 February 2017, ISRO launched 104 satellites in a
single rocket (PSLV-C37), a world record. ISRO launched its
heaviest rocket, Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III
(GSLV-Mk III), on 5 June, 2017 and placed a communications
satellite GSAT-19 into the orbit
Nov 14, 2018 ISRO successfully launched GSAT-29 satellite from
Sriharikota, the heaviest satellite weighing at 3,423 kg aims at
providing better communication for remote areas of country.
On 22 July, 2019, India launched GSLV-Mk III , India's second moon
mission 'Chandrayaan-2’. Vikram lander & Pragyan rover
Research facilities
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre - Thiruvananthapuram The largest ISRO
base is also the main technical centre and the venue of development
of the SLV-3, ASLV, and PSLV series. The base supports India's
Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station and the Rohini Sounding
Rocket programme. This facility is also developing the GSLV
series.
Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre
Thiruvananthapuram and Bangalore The LPSC handles design,
development, testing and implementation of liquid propulsion
control packages, liquid
stages and liquid engines for launch vehicles and satellites. The
testing of these systems is largely conducted at IPRC at
Mahendragiri in South Tamil Nadu.
Physical Research Laboratory - Ahmedabad
Solar planetary physics, infrared astronomy, geo-cosmo physics,
plasma physics, astrophysics, archaeology, and hydrology are some
of the branches of study at this institute.
Semi-Conductor Laboratory - Chandigarh National Atmospheric
Research Laboratory – Tirupati Space Applications Centre -
Ahmedabad North-Eastern Space Applications Centre - Shillong
Test facilities
ISRO Propulsion Complex - Mahendragiri It handles testing and
assembly of liquid propulsion control packages
Construction and launch facilities
U R Rao Satellite Centre -Bangalore Laboratory for Electro-Optics
Systems - Bangalore Satish Dhawan Space Centre - Sriharikota Thumba
Equatorial Rocket Launching Station – Thiruvananthapuram (Only for
sounding rockets) Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) –
Dehradun Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) –
Thiruvananthapuram Balasore Rocket Launching Station (BRLS) –
Odisha Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC), Bangalore
Antrix Corporation Limited (Commercial Wing)
Antrix Corporation Set up as the marketing arm of ISRO, Antrix's
job is to promote products, services and technology developed by
ISRO.
NewSpace India Limited (Commercial Wing)
NewSpace India Limited Set up for marketing spin-off technologies,
tech transfers through industry interface and scale up industry
participation in the space programmes.
5 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
IN-SPACe is an autonomous nodal agency, approved by the Union
Government and will be governed by the Department of Space. This
organisation shall act as a medium between ISRO and the private
space sector in India.
Kalpana-1 was the first dedicated meteorological satellite launched
by Indian Space Research Organisation using Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle on 12 September 2002.
SARAL launched in 2013 (Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa) is a
cooperative altimetry technology mission of ISRO and French CNES.
SARAL performs altimetric measurements designed to study ocean
circulation and sea surface elevation.
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle or PSLV is the first medium-lift
launch vehicle from India which enabled India to launch all its
remote-sensing satellites into Sun-synchronous orbit
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle was envisaged in 1990s to
transfer significant payloads to geostationary orbit.
The Lunar Polar Exploration mission (LUPEX) is a robotic lunar
mission concept by Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
that would send a lunar rover and lander to explore the south pole
region of the Moon in 2024.
Who is considered as the " founding father " of Indian Space
Programme? Dr Vikram A Sarabhai Where the Rockets / Launch vehicles
are made? Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram
How can a person order for Satellite data ? National Remote Sensing
Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad When was the first rocket launched in
India ? Which was the rocket? The first rocket, a Nike-Apache,
procured from
the US, was launched on November 21,1963 When did India begin
developing its own rockets ? India’s first indigenous sounding
rocket, RH-75, was launched on
November 20, 1967.
StudSat is first Indian pico-satellite which weighs less than 1 kg.
It was launched on 12 July, 2010 by PSLV-C15. On March 27, 2019
India conducted Mission Shakti , an anti-satellite missile test,
from the Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam
Island launch complex. This was a technological mission carried out
by DRDO. India completed its first successful attempt at shooting a
satellite in lower earth orbit (LEO). Anti-satellite ( ASAT )
System is missile-based system to attack moving satellites.
AstroSat AstroSat is India’s first dedicated multi wavelength space
observatory. ASTROSAT observes universe in the optical,
Ultraviolet, low and high energy X-ray regions of the
electromagnetic spectrum, whereas most other scientific satellites
are capable of observing a narrow range of wavelength band.
Megha-Tropiques is an Indo-French Joint Satellite Mission for
studying the water cycle and energy exchanges in the tropics.
Launch date: October 12, 2011 from PSLV- C18
APPLE
The Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE) was ISRO's first
indigenous, experimental communication satellite .
It was launched into GTO (Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit) by the
third development flight of ESA'a Ariane vehicle from Kourou on
June 19, 1981.
6 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
Destination Craft name Launch vehicle Year
Moon Chandrayaan 3 GSLV MK III 2022
Sun Aditya L 1 PSLV-XL 2022
Venus Shukrayaan 1 GSLV MK II 2023
Mars Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan 2)
GSLV MK III
2024
Bhaskara-I
The First Experimental Remote Sensing Satellite built in India. The
onboard TV camera imageries were used in the field of Hydrology and
Forestry. Rich scientific data sent by SAMIR was used for
oceanographic studies.
CARTOSAT-1
CARTOSAT–1 is the first Indian Remote Sensing Satellite capable of
providing in-orbit stereo images. The images were used for
Cartographic applications meeting the global requirements. Launch
vehicle PSLV- C6
Bhuvan Bhujal
NRSC, ISRO has prepared nationwide ground water prospects maps
under National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP), sponsored by
Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (erstwhile
RGNDWM),
Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.
7 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
by Dr. Gaurav Garg
: , (; : ' )
-
( SUPARCO ) - 1961 - , , -I, SUPARCO 16 , 1990
22 1975 , ESA . , 5 +
,
: , : 1 2010
22 1993 - , , - Beidou , 1,
, : :
1983 - ,
(ISS) ( ) : ( ), (), (), (), ()
1 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
, , ,
(NASA) -
1958 1 , 195 8 : , ..,
NASA Apollo 11: 20 1969
1 " " 20 1976
" " , 4 , 1997
: , , ,
7 2003 , II , 2004 2019 15
1997 , 2017
5 2011 , , , 1995 2003
,
2001
- . , 1968 2001:
: 26 2011
, 2020
-
2 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
2007 : - 2011-2012 2015-2018
-
5 2018 -401 26 2018
OSIRIS-REx -
8 , 2016 2018 2023
JUICE (JUpiter ICy Moons Explorer) 2022
- ( ) .. , ,
SPHEREx - , 2023
4 , 1989 -
2018
2024 ,
,
, , , , ,
(24 1990 ) (25 2003 ) - (23 1999 ) - (11 2008 ) , WFIRST ,
2025
(31 2021 )
Roscosmos
-
3 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
, Roscosmos ,
16 1963 6
1, 12 1961 ( ) : 4 , 1957 1 2
3 1957 19 , 1960 , ,
2 14 , 1959
: 2 , 18 , 1965, - 1982 -7 , 1984 -12
( 1) ( 16) ( 1)
- 15 1969 – , (TERLS) ( INCOSPAR )
(DAE) 1962 INCOSPAR 1969 DAE ISRO 1972 ,
(DOS) , DOS , 19 , 1975 -1
- , 19 , 1975 C-1
- 1980 , RS-1 SLV-3 ,
GPS- GEO (GAGAN) - 2001 GSAT-8 (IRNSS), NavIC ( ) , 2018
18 1980 SLV-3 . 22 , 2008 , -1 09 , 2012 100 PSLV-C21
4 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
5 , 2013 5 2013 24 , 2014 , -
15 , 2017 15 2017 , (-37) 104 , 5 , 2017 , - III (GSLV-Mk III)
GSAT-19
14 , 2018 -29 , 3,423
22 , 2019 , GSLV-Mk III, '-2'
- -3, ,
, , ,
-
, , - , , ,
- -
- - - -
-
- - - - - ( ) (IIRS) - (IIST) – () – (HSFC),
( )
, ,
( )
- ,
5 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
IN-SPACe ,
-1 12 2002
2013 SARAL (ARgos ALtiKa ) ISRO CNES
SARAL altimetric
- - -
1990
(LUPEX) (ISRO)
(JAXA) 2024
" " ? / ? (), ? ( ), ? ? , -, 21
, 1963 ? , RH-75 , 20 ,
1967
- 1 12 2010 PSLV-C15
27 , 2019 , - DRDO
(LEO) - ( )
, , - ,
- - : 12 , 2011 -18 .
() ,
6 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
3 III 2022
L 1 - 2022
1 II 2023
( 2)
III
2024
19 , 1981 ' ( )
-I
-1
-1 -6 C
, ( ), ()
7 © Copyright 2021 Study IQ
Space Agencies of the world
Space Agencies of the world Hindi