SOLAR COOLER BY PELTIER EFFECT
Patel Deep J1, Patel Darpan V
2, Prajapati Bhavik N
3, Bhatt Shivam S
4
Student, Mechanical department, Laxmi institute of Technology, Sarigam-Valsad. Gujarat
Corresponding Author Detail:
Patel Deep J
Student, Mechanical department,
Laxmi institute of Technology,
Sarigam-Valsad, Gujarat.
Internal Guide Detail:
Mr. Hemant Patel
Assistant Professor, Mechanical department,
Laxmi institute of Technology,
Sarigam-Valsad. Gujarat.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a novel conventional cooler by peltier effect system, which employs the
thermoelectric modules as radiant panels instead of conventional hydraulic panels. The novel
radiant system brings a lot of benefits including Freon free, convenient installation, no
complex water distribution pipes, quiet and reliable operation, etc. Switching between
cooling and heating modes can be easily achieved by reversing the input current. The purpose
of this study is to investigate the feasibility and performance of the novel TE-RAC system,
including its cooling and heating performances, condensation risk, dynamic thermal response
and inertia, and cost-effectiveness. A case study of the TE-RAC system is presented to
compare the TE-RAC system with conventional air-cooler systems and radiant air-cooling
systems in terms of cooling and heating capacities, energy consumption and operation
reliability. It is found that the COP of the TE-RAC system could be comparable to
conventional RAC systems and AC systems, besides many other benefits in life-cycle
performances. In recent years, with the increase awareness towards environmental
degradation due to the production, use and disposal of ChloroFluoro Carbons (CFCs) and
Hydro Chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as heat carrier fluids in conventional refrigeration and
air conditioning systems has become a subject of great concern and resulted in extensive
research into development of novel refrigeration and space conditioning technologies.
Thermoelectric cooling provides a promising alternative R&AC technology due to their
distinct advantages. The application of thermoelectric devices to enhance the performance of
conventional vapor compression based air conditioning systems. Thermoelectric devices are
capable of converting electrical energy into thermal heat-pumping at a very high efficiency.
Thermo electric radiant air-conditioning (TE-RAC) system, which employs the
thermoelectric modules as radiant panels instead of conventional hydronic panels. The radiant
system brings a lot of benefits including Freon free, convenient installation, no complex
water distribution pipes, quiet and reliable operation, etc. Switching between cooling and
heating modes can be easily achieved by reversing the input current. Thermoelectric cooling
systems have advantages over conventional cooling devices, including compact in size, light
in weight, high reliability, no mechanical moving parts, no working fluid, being powered by
direct current, and easily switching between cooling and heating modes. In this study,
historical development of thermoelectric cooling has been briefly introduced first. Next, the
International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017
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development of thermoelectric materials has been given and the achievements in past decade
have been summarized. To improve thermoelectric cooling system’s performance, the
modelling techniques have been described for both the thermo element modelling and
thermoelectric cooler (TEC) modelling including standard simplified energy equilibrium
model, one-dimensional and three-dimensional models, and numerical compact model.
Finally, the thermoelectric cooling applications have been reviewed in aspects of domestic
refrigeration, electronic cooling, scientific application, and automobile air conditioning and
seat temperature control, with summaries for the commercially available thermoelectric
modules and thermoelectric refrigerators.
KEYWORDS
Conventional energy, mobile unit, easy to switch between cooling and hot modes
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION OF SOLAR COOLER BY PELTIER EFFECT
An air cooler is a home appliance, system, or mechanism designed to dehumidify and extract
heat from an area. The cooling is done using a simple refrigeration cycle. In construction, a
complete system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to as "HVAC". Its
purpose, in a buildingor anautomobile, is to provide comfort during either hot or coldweather.
In these air conditioner Freon are used as refrigerant. Unfortunately, evidence has
accumulated that these chlorine-bearing refrigerants reach the upper atmosphere when they
escape. Once the refrigerant reaches the stratosphere, UV radiation from the Sun cleaves the
chlorine-carbon bond, yielding a chlorine radical. These chlorine atoms catalyze the
breakdown of ozone into diatomic oxygen, depleting the ozone layer that shields the Earth's
surface from strong UV radiation. As living standards of people is increasing day by day use
of air conditioner is also increasing, with this also potential of greenhouse gases is increasing
so, it is the need of the day opt for some other source of air conditioning source.
Also air conditioner is high power consuming device so we will have to design an air-
conditioner which will run on renewable source of energy. So we will be designing an air-
conditioner working on solar energy. To overcome the problem greenhouse gases some other
cooling source vizPeltier will be used this will be totally eliminating the source of greenhouse
gases. A solar-thermoelectric chiller (STC) system is constructed and characterized using
both theoretical and experimental analyses. A cold-plate (plate and tube type) heat exchanger,
attached to the cold side of the STC system, is utilized for removing the heat from the
circulating water in the system. Analytical models include the thermoelectric Peltier effect,
thermal convections in air and water, and conductions within the solid parts of the STC
system. Proposed analytical models are used to calculate different performance parameters
(e.g., heat removal rate and coefficient of performance) of STC system at different input
electrical currents, temperature differences (between the bulk mean temperature of the liquid
and the surrounding environmental temperature), and flow rates. Optimum values of the
electrical current are calculated to achieve maximum heat removal rates for a wide range of
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temperature differences. It is observed that the heat removal rate by the STC system increases
with increasing bulk mean temperature of the water for considered ambient temperature
conditions. However, small changes in the heat removal rate are observed when liquid flow
rate changes inside the cold-plate heat exchanger. A prototype of the conditioned space is
constructed to perform the experimental analysis. Experimental analysis includes the
monitoring of the cooling down period of the water and conditioned space to achieve desired
temperatures.
The implementation of photovoltaic driven refrigerator cum heating system powered from
solar panels with a battery bank. Different from conventional refrigeration systems,
thermoelectric refrigeration, based on the Peltier effect, does not require any compressor,
expansion valves, absorbers, condensers or solution pumps. Moreover, it does not require
working fluids or any moving parts, which is friendly to the environment and results in an
increase in reliability. It simply uses electrons rather than refrigerants as a heat carrier.
Nowadays, thermoelectric refrigeration devices have a distinct place in medical applications,
electronic applications, scientific equipment and other applications, where a high-precision
temperature control is essential. Refrigeration cum Heater utilizing 5 Thermoelectric (Te)
modules mounted around a load cabinet. The Performance of this model is Experimentally
Evaluated with an Wood cabinet. The device is powered by a Non-conventional energy
resource, here PV Cells. The cabinet can attain a temperature of about 8°C(min) till
200°C(max).The difference between the existing methods and this model, is that a
thermoelectric cooling system refrigerates without use of mechanical devices(Conventional
Condenser fins and Compressor) and without refrigerant too. Since the Peltier module is
compact in size, refrigeration or heating system can be designed according to the user’s
requirement (Shape and Size).
By implementing both solar energy as source of power and Peltier pannels as cooling
medium we will be getting GREEN AIR CONDITIONER which is the need of the day.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
Two unique semi-conductors, one n-type & one p- type are used because that needs to
havedifferent electron densities. The semi-conductors are placed thermally in parallel to each
other and electrically in series and that joined with a thermally conducting plate on each side.
When a voltage is applied to the free ends of the two semi-conductors there is a flow of DC
current across the junction on semi-conductor causing a temperature difference. The side with
the cooling plate absorb heat which is then move to the other side of the device where the
heat sink is. TECs are typically connector side by side and sandwich between two ceramic
plates the cooling ability of the total unit is then proportional to the number of TECs in it.
WORK DONE
Materials are purchased and assembly of it is in progress cabin of materials and dimensions
are ready for fabrication, formula are derived for calculation of heat transfer and energy
transfer rate
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Manoj Kumar Rawat et.al. has said that In recent years, with the increase awareness
towards environmental degradation due to the production, use and disposal of Chloro-Fluoro
Carbons (CFCs) and Hydro Chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as heat carrier fluids in
conventional refrigeration and air conditioning systems has become a subject of great concern
and resulted in extensive research into development of novel refrigeration and space
conditioning technologies. Thermoelectric cooling provides a promising alternative R&AC
technology due to their distinct advantages. A brief introduction of thermoelectricity,
principal of thermoelectric cooling and thermoelectric materials has been presented by him.
The cost-effectiveness of this technology has been also discussed by him. He also conducting
research for development of renewable energy based TER system and they have been
designed and developed an experimental thermoelectric refrigeration system having a
refrigeration space of 1 liter is cooling by four numbers of thermoelectric cooling module
(Qmax=19W) and a heat sink fan assembly (Rth=0.50 oC/W) for each thermoelectric module
used to increase heat dissipation rate. A temperature reduction of 11oC without any heat load
and 9oC with 100 ml of water in refrigeration space with respect to 23
oC ambient temperature
has been experimentally found in first 30 minutes at optimized operating conditions. The
calculated COP of thermoelectric refrigeration cabinet was 0.1. He also observed that if the
current was reversed the ice could be melted. His work explained those thermoelectric
cooling materials needed to have high See beck coefficients, good electrical conductivity to
minimize Joule heating, and low thermal conductivity to reduce heat transfer from junctions
to junctions. Shortly after the development of practical semiconductors in 1950’s, Bismuth
Telluride began to be the primary material used in the thermoelectric cooling [1]
.
Diana Enescu, Elena OtiliaVirjog he has done their researchthe formulation of the
parameters indicating the characteristics and performance of thermoelectric cooling devices,
with particular reference to a number of recent publications. The specific aspects addressed
include some practical considerations referring to the thermoelectric figure of merit, the
characterization of the cooling capacity, and the assessment of the coefficient of performance
(COP). The dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit is addressed by focusing on its
conventional and modified definitions and indicating the values obtained for different
thermoelectric cooling materials. Further more, the expressions of the cooling capacity for
single-stage and multi-stage thermoelectric coolers are reviewed. Concerning the COP, its
dedicated expressions are constructed starting from the classical formulation and introducing
additional factors or modifications in order to take into account the Thomson effect, the
dependence on temperature of the thermoelectric materials, and the effect so the electrical
contact resistance, thermal resistance, thermo element length and current. Finally, on the basis
of the indications taken from the literature, further considerations are included on the COP
values found in thermoelectric cooling applications, as well as on how to obtain COP
improvements[2]
.
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Dongliang Zhao, Gang Tan has investigated advances of thermoelectric materials, modeling
approaches, and applications. Thermoelectric cooling systems have advantages over
conventional cooling devices, including compact in size, light in weight, high reliability, no
mechanical moving parts, no working fluid, being powered by direct current, and easily
switching between cooling and heating modes. In this study, historical development of
thermoelectric cooling has been briefly introduced first. Next, the development of
thermoelectric materials has been given and the achievements in past decade have been
summarized. To improve thermoelectric cooling system’s performance, the modeling
techniques have been described for both the thermo element modeling and thermoelectric
cooler (TEC) modeling including standard simplified energy equilibrium model, one-
dimensional and three-dimensional models, and numerical compact model. Finally, the
thermoelectric cooling applications have been reviewed in aspects of domestic refrigeration,
electronic cooling, scientific application, and automobile air conditioning and seat
temperature control, with summaries for the commercially available thermoelectric modules
and thermoelectric refrigerators. It is expected that this study will be beneficial to
thermoelectric cooling system design, simulation, and analysis. Thermoelectric module is a
solid-state energy converter that consists of a bunch of thermocouples wired electrically in
series and thermally in parallel. A thermocouple is made of two different semiconducting
thermo elements, which generate thermoelectric cooling effect (Peltier Seebeck effect) when
a voltage in appropriate direction applied through the connected junction. Thermoelectric
module generally works with two heat sinks attached to it shot and cold sides in order to
enhance heat transfer and system performance. For a specific module and fixed hot/cold side
temperatures, there exists an optimum current for maximum coefficient if performance
(COP)[3]
.
Zhong Bing Liu et.al. has done research on the condensing heat recovery in air conditioner i
s attractive because of its great economic and environmental value. They present theoretical a
nd experimental investigations of a novel solar thermoelectric air conditioner with hot water s
upply (STACHWS). The system can implement different working modes according to the bui
lding users’ requirement. Experiments were carried out under different operating conditions i
n order to investigate the performance of the system. Results show that the STEACWS can re
liably be used to heat hot water without losing its cooling capacity when it is controlled well i
n different operation conditions. The system has relatively remarkable coefficient of performa
nce (COPint) which can be as high as about 4.51 in space cooling and water heating mode. W
hen the system works as a water source thermoelectric heat pump, the coefficient of performa
nce (COP) of the system can be about 2.59 in cooling mode and 3.01 in heating mode. This si
mple and environmentally friendly system can reduce indoor cooling and heating load and pr
ovide a continuous hot water supply for house holders. Compared with traditional thermoelec
tric air conditioner, the system can cool the room with thermoelectric powered by PV, at the s
ame time, the water can be heated by the hot side of the TEC modules. Therefore, thermal en
ergy can be recovered from the hot side of the thermoelectric module. Moreover, the system c
an work as a water source thermo-electric heat pump for space cooling in summer and space
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heating in winter. This system can reduce indoor cooling and heating load and provide hot wa
ter supply for uses. Thus, the novel system can be applied in a vast field [4]
PROBLEM DEFINATION
The main aim of this project is to design and fabricate an air conditioning system working
on Peltier Effect and running on solar energy.
Basic function of air-cooler to maintain pleasant temperature inside the workspace by
controlling temperature and humidity of the surrounding.
SCOPE OF WORK
Different thermoelectric modeling approaches have been summarized in this review. The
simplified models reduce computational efforts at the cost of giving up some level of
modeling accuracy. Model selection is highly dependent on the modeling goal aimed. There
are three pathways that may lead to the enhancement of thermoelectric cooling devices’
performance:
1) Through the thermoelectric module design and optimization,
2) Through cooling system thermal design and optimization,
3) Through thermoelectric cooling system’s working condition improvement.
Typical applications of thermoelectric cooling have been summarized in five categories,
including domestic refrigeration, electronic cooling, scientific, and automobile applications.
However, thermoelectric cooling applications are not limited to these areas. More
applications are emerging when high quality thermoelectric materials have been developed
and the thermoelectric cooling devices are approaching higher performance efficiency.
OBJECTIVES
To design an eco-friendly air conditioner this will not be producing greenhouse gases.
Working on renewable source of energy.
Available for remote application
CONCLUSION
In this overview, we built up a Green AC working on the phenomenon called peltier effect.
The prepared model of solar cell driven, thermoelectric cooling system was designed and
tested experimentally. The following valuable information regarding an environmental
friendly cooling device is obtained.
This air conditioning unit does not produce any harmful green house and ozone depleting
gasses.
It uses solar energy as a power source so it does not need conventional electricity which is
produced from polluting thermal power plants.
This system is compact as compared to conventional air conditioning system.
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This system is free from bulky components like condenser and evaporator as this air
condition unit does not run on conventional thermodynamic cycles.
Noiseless operation and can be used as both winter and summer air conditioning unit
REFERANCES
1. Dongliang Zhao, Gang Tan*,” A review of thermoelectric cooling: Materials, modeling
and applications”, Applied Thermal Engineering 66 (2014) 15e24
2. D. Astrain a,*, J.G. Vi_an a, M. Dom_ınguez b,” Increase of COP in the thermoelectric
refrigeration by the optimization of heat dissipation”, Applied Thermal Engineering 23
(2003) 2183–2200
3. LimeiShena,b, Fu Xiaob,∗, Huanxin Chena, ShengweiWangb,” Investigation of a novel
thermoelectric radiant air-conditioning system”, Energy and Buildings 59 (2013) 123–132
4. Zhong Bing Liu, Ling Zhang∗, GuangCai Gong, YongQiangLuo, FangFangMeng,”
Experimental study and performance analysis of a solarthermoelectric air conditioner
with hot water supply”. Energy and Buildings 86 (2015) 619–625
5. S.B. Riffat *, S.A. Omer, Xiaoli Ma,” A novel thermoelectric refrigeration system
employing heat pipes and a phase change material: an experimental investigation”,
Renewable Energy 23 (2001) 313–323
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