Integumentary System
What in the world is integument?
Hint: Integument means covering!
What is in the Integumentary System?
• Skin
• Hair follicles that produce hair
• Nails
• Sweat Glands that produce sweat
• Oil glands
Two Main Layers
• Epidermis
• Top layer, many layers of cells - but only as thick as 2 sheets of notebook paper!
• Most epidermal cells are dead and are filled with keratin to make the skin tough!
• Sensory receptors and melanin are found in epidermis.
Epidermis
Bottom Layer
• Dermis
• Full of nerves for sensory
• Made of tough fibers for toughness
• Has collagen to absorb water and keep the skin hydrated
Dermis
Functions(Good Reasons to have Skin!)
• Protection: Keeps moisture in and foreign particles (bad stuff) out!
• Keeps you “in touch” – nerve endings in the skin allow you to feel what is around you – (senses pain, pressure, hot, cold, and touch)
Two more FunctionsGood Reasons for Skin!
• Regulates body temperature – sweat glands produce salty sweat that flows to surface of skin – As sweat evaporates, the skin cools!
• Gets rid of wastes – Lots of chemicals can leave the body in the sweat!
Hair
• Protects skin from ultraviolet radiation
• Keeps dust and insects out of your nose and eyes
• Gets color from melanin
• Regulates body temperature (Goose bumps are a sweater of hair) They trap the warm air around the body!
Hair
Nails
• Protect the tips of your fingers and toes so they can remain soft and sensitive
• If you have ever cut your nails too short, you know how many nerves are found there!
• The light part at the base of your nail is called the lunula – nails are produced just beneath the lunula
• New cells push older cell toward the edge of your nail
Nails
Skin Color
• Melanin is one of three pigments in the skin that determines skin color
• More melanin the darker the skin
• Melanin absorbs the harmful radiation of the sun
• Carotene is the yellowish pigment
• Hemoglobin in the blood gives the skin its red coloration.
Melanin
Contagious Skin Disorders
• Acne: plugged hair follicles form pimples – Cause is bacteria
Boils
• Boils: Painful infection of hair follicles by a Staph infection
Fever Blisters
• Fever Blisters: Fluid filled blisters
Impetigo
• Impetigo: Highly contagious skin infection caused by bacteria – fluid filled pustules forming yellow crust over infected area
Warts
• Small skin tumors caused by a viral infection that stimulate excessive growth of epithelial cells
Alopecia
• Loss of hair
• Most prevalent in males
• Most inherited
• Can be caused by poor nutrition, drugs, eczema
Eczema
• Inflammation producing redness, itching, scalding and cracking of the skin
• Caused by hyperactivity of the sebaceous glands (oil glands)
Psoriasis
• Chronic dermatitis characterized by reddish raised patches of skin covered with whitish scales
• Result of excessive cell production caused by emotional stress and poor health
Psoriasis
Skin Cancer
• Basal cell carcinoma – 70% treated by removal
• Squamous carcinoma – Treatment consists of radiation and removal
• Malignant melanoma - Most life threatening – starts as a mole, move to other locations – treatment is also radiation and removal
Skin Cancer
Skin Cancer
Malignant Melanoma
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