INTEGUMENT
INTEGUMENT - FORM VS FUNCTION IN THE VERTEBRATES
PHYSICAL BARRIER - allows HOMEOSTASIS
MECHANICAL PROTECTION
stress, abrasion, puncture
CONFLICT - protection vs flexibility
PERMEABILITY - ADJUSTABLE
ion and water balance
gas exchange
varies with environment - aquatic vs terrestrial
THERMOREGULATION
control blood flow - heat loss/gain
sweat
insulation
SIGNALLING/DEFENCE
pigments - cryptic/warning for predators
secretions - pheromones/toxins
SENSORY
mechanoreception
thermoreception
INTEGUMENT IN FISHES
-no keratinized outer layer
-mucus - protection
-scales
CVH slide 100 lamprey skin
LAMPREY EPIDERMIS CVH100
mucus cell club cell
granule cell
DOGFISH EPIDERMIS CVH 77
mucus cell club cell
TELEOST EPIDERMIS CVH 155
CVH slide 100 lamprey skin - melanocytes in dermis
DOGFISH SKIN CVH 77
mucus cell club cell
melanocytes in dermis
DOGFISH DERMAL LAYERS CVH 77
stratum
spongiosum
stratum
compactum
LAMPREY EPIDERMIS CVH100 - no stratum spongiosum
mucus cell club cell
granule cell
stratum compactum
FISH SCALES: in dermis
elasmobranchs - placoid scales
same structure as teeth - dentin core,
enamel outer layer
teleosts - bony scales
DOGFISH: DEVELOPING PLACOID SCALES CVH 61
odontoblasts making enamel
HEAD OF DEVELOPING DOGFISH sagittal section CVH 61
mouth
LOWER JAW WITH DEVELOPING DERMAL DENTICLES
CVH 61
UNERUPTED DERMAL DENTICLE CVH 61
TELEOST DERMAL SCALES CVH 155
scale
TIP OF DERMAL SCALE - epidermis folded over edge
CVH155
BASE OF SCALE (*) ANCHORED IN DERMIS CVH 155
*
INTEGUMENT IN AMPHIBIANS
-in transition to terrestrial living
(still spawn in water)
-aquatic or partly aquatic forms
- mucus skin covering
-first vertebrate keratinization
Ambystoma - semi-aquatic salamander
mucus layer
Sheldon, amphibiainfo.com
FROG SKIN - GLANDS IN DERMIS (CVH32)
FROG SKIN - GLANDS IN DERMIS (CVH32)
STRATUM
CORNEUM
IN TOAD
LEG SKIN
CVH 164
DERMAL CHROMATOPHORES
melanocytes - brown/black pigment granules
xanthophores - yellow oil droplets
erythrophores - red oil droplets
iridophores - protein plates - reflect light - silvery
DEFENSIVE
COLORATION
IN AMPHIBIANS
INTEGUMENT IN REPTILES
-fully terrestrial (lay eggs)
-scales - modified stratum corneum
-ecdysis (molting)
continuous - crocodilians, turtles
periodic - lizards, snakes
outer scale inner scale
SNAKE INTEGUMENT CVH 108
hinge region
SNAKE INTEGUMENT CVH 108
INTEGUMENT IN BIRDS
-keratinized structures derived from
epidermis
feathers
beak
scales
-dermis - thin, anchors feathers
BIRD SKIN BETWEEN FEATHER FOLLICLES CVH 112
FEATHER FOLLICLES (F) IN BIRD SKIN (CVH112)
F epidermis
dermis
MAMMALIAN INTEGUMENT
-structure similar to human
MAMMALIAN INTEGUMENT
-structure similar to human
-epidermally derived specialized structures - keratinized
fur/wool/hair
horns, antlers, hooves, claws
scales - rodent, opossums
shells - armadillo - keratin plates over dermal bone
baleen plates - filters for krill feeders
BALEEN FILTER IN MOUTH OF BLUE WHALE
alumniexhibits.com
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