India-based Neutrino Collaboration(INO), INDIA 1
B.S.Acharya, Sudeshna Banerjee, P.N.Bhat, S.R.Dugad, P.Ghosh, K.S.Gothe, S.K.Gupta, S.D.Kalmani, N. Krishnan, N. K Mondal, B.K.Nagesh , P.Nagaraj, Biswajit Paul, A.K.Ray, Probir Roy, B.Satyanarayana, S.Upadhaya, P.Verma
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai V.M.Datar, M.S.Bhatia, S.K.Kataria
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai P. Bhattacharya, S.Bhattacharya, S. Chattopadhyay, A.Ghoshal, A.Goswami K. Kar, D.Majumdar, P.B.Pal, S. Saha, M. Sharan, S.Sarkar, S.Sen
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata S. Chattopadhyay, M.R.Datta Mazumdar, P.Ghosh, G.S.N.Murthy, T.Nayak, Y.P.Viyogi
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata Amitava Raychaudhuri
Calcutta University, Kolkata M.V.N.Murthy, D.Indumathi
Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai A. Datta, R.Gandhi, S.Goswami, S. Rakshit, P.Mehta
Harish Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad S.C.Phatak, D.P.Mahapatra
IOP, BhubaneswarAmit Roy
Nuclear Science Centre, New DelhiJ.B.Singh, M.M.Gupta, V.Bhatnagar
Panjab University, Chandigarh S.D.Sharma
Himachal Pradesh University, SimlaA.Joshipura, S.Rindani
P.R.L., AhmedabadA.Bhadra,B.Ghosh,A.Mukherjee,S.K.Sarkar
North Bengal UniversityS.UmasankarIIT, Mumbai
S.K.SinghAMU
Scientific Advisors: G.Rajasekaran, Bikash Sinha, Ramnath Cowsik,V.S.Narasimham, H.S.Mani, Amit Roy
INO Collaboration
41 Experimentalists & Engineers22 Theorists
India-based Neutrino Collaboration(INO), INDIA 2
Proposed INO detector
Magnetised iron calorimeter
Iron
RP
C
140
laye
rs
• RPC dimension: 3m X 2m
• No of chambers: 11K
• No of channels: 220K
• No of TDC channels: 3K
35KTons
(2 Tesla solenoid)
India-based Neutrino Collaboration(INO), INDIA 3
A passing charged particle induces an avalanche, which develops into a spark. The discharge is quenched when all of the locally ( ) available charge is consumed.
2cm 1.0r
The discharged area recharges slowly through the high-resistivity glass plates.
Before spark After spark
Signal pickup(X)
Signal pickup(Y)
GlassPlates
Graphite
Graphite
Spacer
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-------------------------++++++ ++++++
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RPC principle of operation
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Two 2 mm thick float GlassSeparated by 2 mm spacer
2 mm thick spacer
Glass plates
Graphite coating on the outer surfaces of glass
Signalpickup stripsfor X-Y readout
RPC construction
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A small area RPC prototypeGas inlet
HV terminals
Graphite coat
Gas outlet
Spacer
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P1P2
P3
P4P5
P6
Glass RPC under test
Muon Trigger =654321 PPPPPP
Cosmic muon trigger and timing
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RPC test setup
8020 Sections
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Schematic of gas mixing unit
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Typical RPC efficiency plot
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Typical timing distribution plots
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Typical time response plot
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RPC timing resolution plot
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RPC typical charge distributions
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RPC typical mean charge plot
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RPC typical noise rate plot
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Gas mixtures’ study plots
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INO prototype detector• Detector and signal specifications
– Detector dimensions: 1m X 1m X 1m – 14 layers of RPCs with 6cm iron plates interleaved.– Two signal planes orthogonal to each other and each having 32 pick-up strips– Total channels = 32 X 14 X 2 = 896– Pulse height = 100 to 300mV; Rise time = < 1 ns– Pulse width = ~50ns; Rate ~ 1KHz
• Trigger information– Expected trigger rate is few Hz– Required Trigger logic is m X n fold, where – m = 1 to 4; no. of consecutive channels in a layer – n = 5 to 1; no. of consecutive layers with m fold in each layer – ie m x n = (1 x 5) OR (2 x 4) OR (3 x 3) OR (4 x 2)
• Information to be recorded on a trigger – Absolute arrival time of the trigger – Track identification (XYZ points in RPC layers)– Direction of track ( TDC information)– Miscellaneous information and calibration data
• Monitoring health of the detector
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Current status• Gas mixing and distribution system developed• Production of small area (1 ft2) RPCs successful• Studied efficiency and timing resolution of RPCs• Detailed studies on effect of water vapour in gas and
long term stability of chambers in progress• Electronics for prototype detector electronics finalised• Production of circuit boards and other components in
progress
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Future plan• Production of prototype detector chambers (4 ft X 3 ft)• Study of pickup strip materials and geometries• To study avalanche mode of operation, improving timing
resolution
• Continuation of work on gas mixtures including SF6
• Design of electronics, trigger and DAQ schemes for the final detector
• Cooperative VLSI and ASIC development programmes for electronics being explored
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