Injuries in Sport
Unit 306
Learning Outcomes
Football Injuries
STUDENT TASK
Complete hand out #1One sheet each but work in groups to
discuss answers
STUDENT TASK
Get ready to take notes on the following slides.
Physiological Responses to
Injury
Inflammation is a protective attempt by the body to remove harm and to initiate the healing process
It occurs within a few minutes to hours of injury
The 5 key characteristics of inflammation are:•Pain•Redness•Swelling•Heat•Immobility (loss of function)
INFLAMMATION
Damaged Tissue and primary response:
HEAT
THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
The damaged tissue releases chemicals
Blood vessels dilate (widen) allowing increased blood flow to the injured area.
This causes;
LOSSOF
FUNCTIONBLEEDINGSWELLING
REDNESSPAIN
Injury causes tissue damage
GRADES OF INJURY:
Degree / Severity Fibre Damage Signs and Symptoms
Grade I (mild) few fibres Minimal discomfort swelling / tenderness movement slightly impaired / functional.
Grade II (moderate) many fibres Significant pain / discomfort / noticeable swelling / tenderness / impaired movement / function impaired.
Grade III (severe) total rupture Pain / significant swelling / bruising / tenderness / impaired movement / joint unstable / loss of function.
LIGAMENT SPRAIN MUSCLE STRAIN
HAEMATOMAS (INTER/INTRA):A haematoma, is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, usually caused by trauma (in this case a muscle). It is different from a bruise, which is the spread of blood under the skin in a thin layer.
•Intramuscular This injury only effects the muscle fibre tissue and therefore bleeding is contained within the sheath that surrounds the muscle. Pressure within the muscle builds up which can become very painful. The fluid is unable to escape as the muscle sheath prevents it, acting like a balloon. Healing takes longer as bleeding stays in one area and has to be broken down.You are less likely to see visible bruising.
•Intermuscular This type of injury includes the muscle and also the muscle sheath and therefore bleeding is not contained and can spread (for example with gravity). Initial bleeding can last longer, however recovery is often faster than intra muscular as the blood and fluids can flow away from the site of injury. You are more likely to see bruising.
•There are 2 types of haematoma:
STUDENT TASK
Using the internet in Pairs, Come up with a definition of An 1. Acute Injury &
2. Chronic Injury
Then explain the difference between the two.
We will all feed back in a group discussion.
Acute Vs Chronic Injuries
STUDENT TASK
Hand out #2 at the ready. While watching the next video see if you can answer some of the questions and add any
further notes you may need.
Common Methods in Dealing with Injuries
STUDENT TASK
In Groups of four using flip chat paper, come up with alternative ways of treating injury’s and use examples of when this is used. This may be treatment you have received yourself or you
have seen.
An example was Wayne Rooney who slept in an oxygen tank to prepare for euro 2004 after he broke his foot.
Now think of your own, and be ready to present your ideas back to the group.
STUDENT TASK
Handout #3
Be ready to take notes from the following slides
Phases of an Injury
The stages that follow an injury can be classified into 5 phases:
Stage Timescale Name
Phase 1 0-20 minutes Immediate Post-Injury
Phase 2 0-72 hours Acute Phase
Phase 3 3-10 days Sub-Acute Phase
Phase 4 Dependent on severity of injury Active Rehabilitation Phase
Phase 5 Dependent on severity of injury Functional / Sports Specific Rehabilitation
Aims of the treatment during Phase 1 are to:
Assess the injury Treatment should involve S.A.L.T.A.P.S.(we looked at this in Topic 3)
Prevention of initial swelling
Protect the injured part from further damage
Phase 1 – Immediate Post-Injury
Aims of the treatment during Phase 2 are to:
Control bleeding & swelling Treatment should involve P.R.I.C.E.(We looked at this in Topic 3)
Reduce pain
Protect from further damage
Apply modifications if required (e.g. Crutches if non-weight bearing needed)
Offer advice
Phase 2 – Acute Phase
Aims of the treatment during Phase 3 are to:
Absorb swelling & products from inflammation (e.g. dead cells)
Hot & cold therapyMassageElevation
Promote healing & assist growth of new cells
Hot & cold therapy
Protect from further injury Use of bandages, crutches etc
Develop scar tissue Soft tissue stretchingMassage
Introduce non-weight bearing mobilisation exercises
Range of motion exercises
Introduce non-weight bearing strengthening exercises
Strengthening exercises
Phase 3 – Sub-Acute Phase
Phase 4 – Active Rehabilitation
Aims of the treatment during Phase 4 are to:
Remobilise the joint & increase the range of motion
Range of motion exercises
Re-strengthen the muscles acting on the joints
Strengthening exercises
Increase the extensibility of scar tissue Stretching Massage
Protect form further damage or stress Bandages / strappingWalking aids (crutches)Partial weight bearing
Maintain endurance & fitness of the rest of the body
Modernise exercise programme to include alternative exercise e.g. Swimming, static bike, isokinetic arm cycler
Aims of the treatment during Phase 5 are to:
Improve balance & co-ordination Functional Rehab will include sports specific movements, techniques & skills. It would start very basic & progress to very intense ultimately replicating a training or game situation. This may start with straight line activities & progress to side-to-side & rotational movements. You would then progress onto jumping & landing.
Restore sport specific skills & movement patterns
Return to pre-injury strength & power
Provide psychological reassurance Psychological skills training
Phase 5 – Functional / Sports Specific Rehabilitation
Rehab at a Football Club
Summary You have now gathered all your own notes, from group work, hand-outs and videos, you now have gained the knowledge needed to complete tasks:
A - Presentation Notes
B – Poster
C – Reports
Remember to use your assignment brief to guide you referring to the criteria.
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