Information Exchange and the IPPC>>Evolution of the IPPC & IPP<<
Jan Breithaupt
IPPC SecretariatAGPP-FAO
RomeItaly
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What is the IPPC?
• A multilateral treaty for international cooperation in plant protection
• The global instrument for the harmonization of phytosanitary measures
• The phytosanitary standard-setting organization named in the WTO-SPS Agreement
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Purpose of the IPPC
… to secure common and effective action to prevent the spread and introduction of pests of plants and plant products, and to promote appropriate measures for
their control.
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Membership
• May 2005: 138 Contracting Parties (to the 1979 text)
• Includes most major trading partners except China and the European Community
• Regional plant protection organizations are not members, but governments can belong to RPPOs without being contracting parties to the IPPC
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Scope of the IPPC
International cooperation in the protection of plants and plant products from harmful pests– plants include forests and wild flora– pests include diseases and weeds– harm includes indirect effects such as those
from weeds– not limited to trade
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Scope of the IPPC (cont.)
• Extends to storage places, conveyances, and containers
• Includes biological control organisms• Provision for research or other purposes• Other objects or materials capable of harbouring
or spreading pests
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The Standards Committee (SC)
• Meeting annually since 1994 (ex-CEPM and ISC)• Composed of 20 int’l technical experts• Development of international standards:
– approval of draft specifications– review and recommendation of draft standards– prepares draft standards for country
consultation
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• Priority of Standard decided by ICPM• Drafting group of invited experts• Standards Committee• Country Consultation• Standards Committee• Adoption by the ICPM• 21 ISPMs approved
Standard Setting Programme
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Types of standards• Reference standards
– Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms• Pest risk analysis standards• Concept standards
– Guidelines for pest free areas• Specific standards
– Wood packaging
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History of IPPC• 1952 Original IPPC came into force, superseding all
international plant protection agreements
• 1979 IPPC (Revised Text of the IPPC)• Countries provided information to FAO
e.g. pest reports, legislation, regulations• FAO disseminated
– published• PPB• PQ DB
– dissemination
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ChallengesCountries
– Lack of commitment– Consistency– Accuracy– Source
FAO resourcesEssentially a failure
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Revision of the IPPC
Modernize IPPC– trade
Needed consistency with WTO-SPS Agreement– standard setting
Institutionalization (1992: formalizes Secretariat and standard-setting)– FAO = IPPC Secretariat (within the Plant Protection Service of FAO) – national
FAO Conference– adopted in 1997– 1998: NRT circulated to members for acceptance or adherence– into force after acceptance by 2/3 contracting parties...
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NRT of the IPPC (1997)
• No significant changes in obligations
• Changes in emphasis / responsibilities
• More specific
• Primarily an NPPO responsibility• Secretariat responsibilities
• RPPO responsibilities
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• Harmonization, scientific justification for measures, non discrimination, consistency, and equivalence;
• A global forum for phytosanitary issues• Technical assistance• Interim measures
Amendments of the IPPC (1997)
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Other Implications
• Exchange official and scientific information• Recognize equivalence• Recognize area and prevalence concepts • Specific technical competencies and needs• Trade = free, fair, & safe • Globalization, liberalization, & negotiation
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Communication
The exchange of information is central
3 primary work areas in ICPM work programmeI. Standard settingII. Information exchangeIII. Technical assistance
Now information exchange emphasis
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Role of the IPPC Secretariat
Facilitate
Participate through implementation of the ICPM work programme
Meet obligations under IPPC
Technical assistance– all levels
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NPPO Obligations• Official contact point - Article VIII 2• Description of NPPO and changes - Article IV 4• Non-compliance - Article VII 2(f)• List of regulated pests - Article VII 2(i)• Pest reporting - Article IV 2(b)• Exchange of information on plant pests,
particularly the reporting of the occurrence, outbreak or spread - Article VIII 1(c)
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NPPO Obligations• Technical and biological information necessary for
PRA - Article VIII 1(a)• Specified points of entry - Article VII 2(d)• Organizational arrangements for plant protection -
Article IV 4• Emergency action - Article VII 6• Phytosanitary requirements, restrictions and
prohibitions - Article VII 2(b)• Adequate information on pest status - Article VII
2(j)• Rationale for phytosanitary requirements,
restrictions and prohibitions - Article VII 2(c)
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Facilitation• Informal ICPM Ad Hoc Working Group
– September 2000– initial exploration of obligations under the IPPC
• ICPM working Group– January 2001– identified obligations and reporting mechanisms– identified the need for a global phytosanitary IE
system– identified basic needs– to be undertaken by the Secretariat
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FacilitationICPM approval
– March 2001– International Phytosanitary Portal (IPP)
• electronic system• internet-based system
– IPP Support Group establishedDevelopment of a prototype
– March 2001– Continued development
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Basic Requirements• Internet based
– cannot ignore than needs of those without Internet access
– highly cost effective• Reliable• Secure• Remote access
– NPPOs & RPPOs maintain their own information– immediate / live response time
• No duplication of data entry
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Basic Requirements
• Freely available– CD-ROM version
• Proven FAO information system as the core• Basic navigation in all FAO languages
– develop in English– extend to French and Spanish– then include Arabic and Chinese
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Status• Maintaining IPPC / developing IPP in parallel• Limited capacity
– synchronisation problems• Live 1 August 2002 (http://www.ippc.int)
– navigation issues– upgrade
• double page layout• reduced no. of directories• reduced bugs• abbreviated URLs• Spanish and French
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Partnerships
• Introduction of the SG• Ontology• NPPOs to test / develop• RPPOs to test / develop• Refine
– functions– layout– navigation– data entry forms
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Technical Assistance• Development costs
– extra-FAO budgetary funding• Large TA programme needed
– initiated 2005• All levels
– training (regional/sub-regional)• awareness• data entry
– capacity/equipment (national/sub-regional)• data entry
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