Lane Harrison, Drew Skau, Steven Franconeri, Aidong Lu, Remco Chang
Influencing Visual Judgment through Affective Priming
Affect influences creativity.
Affect alters how we decide under uncertainty.
Affect modulates visual perception.
(Lewis et al., 2011)
(Fredrickson, et al., 2005)
(Vuilleumier et al., 2007)
leverage wel l -s tud ied graphical percept ion task
adapt wel l - s tud ied emot ion-pr iming techniques
Exper iment combin ing emot ion and graphical percept ion.
Let`s start with what we know...
Cleveland & McGill's Results
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Crowdsourced Results
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Useful for visualization design guidelines; heavily replicated.
(image: Heer and Bostock, 2009)
Cleveland & McGill's Results
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Crowdsourced Results
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(image: Heer and Bostock, 2009)
Validated AMT for graphical perception studies.
Heer & Bostock, 2009
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Replicate Cleveland & McGill! Again!
leverage wel l -s tud ied graphical percept ion task
adapt wel l - s tud ied emot ion-pr iming techniques
Exper iment combin ing emot ion and graphical percept ion.
How do we induce Emot ion?
Stories
Visual memory != verbal memory
Commonly used in web-based studies. (Goeritz., 2007)
(Shackman et al., 2006)
An excerpt...
No one could say for sure how long she would live, but continued hospital care was clearly pointless. Nor could she go home: she needed more attention than her family could provide...
The problem was, she had no place to go. There was a hospice facility near her house, but it would accept her only if she would die within six days...
- Excerpt from Looking for a Place to Die, Theresa Brown
How do we quant i fy Emot ion?
How do we induce Emot ion?
Stories
Visual memory != verbal memory
Commonly used in web-based studies. (Goeritz., 2007)
(Shackman et al., 2006)
(Lang et al., 2008, Lewis et al., 2011)
9-point Self-Assessment
Manikin (SAM)
Pilot 2: how effective is the priming?
Pilot 1: is the stimuli valid?
Full-study: all 8 chart types
Study components:
Pilot 1: Validate emotional content of stories
Stories selected from the New York Times
n = 40 on Mechanical Turk
SAM given only as post-test
Significant difference in emotion (valence).
Pilot 2: Effectiveness of the prime.
Purpose: does priming exposure guarantee a performance impact?
n = 234 on Mechanical Turk
SAM given as pre- and post- test
Absolute values of SAM are subjective, but change in SAM-
score indicates successful priming*
Full-study: 8 chart types
Purpose: test whether affect influences graphical perception.
Design: - n = 963 on Mechanical Turk- 1 random prime, 1 random chart- 5 perception tasks per participant- between subjects
Measures:- performance: log-error- subjective: 9-point SAM
Experiment procedure (Full study & Pilot 2)
Pre-ValencePre-Arousal
Post-ValencePost-ArousalAccuracyVeri!cation Question
Measure Emotion Random Priming
The patient was a fairly young woman and she'd had cancer for as long as her youngest child had been alive...
During this past year I've had three instances of car trouble: a blowout on a freeway, a bunch of blown fuses and an out-of-gas situation...
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Tasks
Which of the two (A or B) is SMALLER?
What percentage is the SMALLER of the LARGER?
Measure Emotion
Full-study: 8 chart types
Cleanup: - 299 removed for junk answers- n = 664 total...- n = 207 successfully primed
Analysis: - log absolute errors - 95% confidence-intervals
Two cases: by priming group (664) and by SAM-change (207)...
Mean of all participants, regardless of final SAM (n = 664):
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Means of AllParticipants
No significant difference in error: t(662) = 1.8318; p = .067
All participants, regardless of final SAM (n = 664):
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Means of primed participants (n = 207):
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Means of PrimedParticipants
Significant difference in error: t(205) = 3.1560; p = .0018
Primed participants (n = 207):
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>
Primed participants, (change in SAM):
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Expert Discussion: Steven Franconeri, Northwestern
Positive moods can expand the scope of the perceptual spotlight of attention.
Encourage an observer to process a larger spatial area of the world in a single glance.
Negative or anxious moods can constrict this spatial area.
(Eriksen & St. James, 1986)
(Gasper & Clore, 2002; Rowe et al., 2007)
(Eysenck & Calvo, 1992)
To summarize...
Emot ion p lays an important ro le in v i sua l i zat ion.
Emot ion in f luences graphical percept ion accuracy.
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[email protected] @LaneHarrison codementum.org
Thanks!
co-authors: Drew Skau, Steven Franconeri, Aidong Lu, Remco Chang
sponsors: National Science Foundation, Visual.ly
colleagues: Evan Peck, Alvitta Ottley
Dan Afergan, Jordan Crouser
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