industrial motor safety controller
INDEX
Chapter
1. Introduction
2. Working
3. Circuit Diagram
4 Planning
5. Testing
6. Code
1
7. Bibliography
2
1. Introduction
3
Introduction
A vibration detection device includes a detecting device for
detecting a vibration, and an output from the amplifying device obtained
when outputting a detection signal on the basis of the detection result, an
amplifying device for amplifying the detection signal, an initializing
device for initializing the output from the amplifying device, and an
adjusting device for adjusting the output from the amplifying device so
that an output from the amplifying device obtained when the amplifying
device is initialized, and an output from the amplifying device obtained
when the amplifying device is not initialized and the detecting device
generates no signal have substantially the same values. A machine having
a vibration control device machine comprising sync signal generating
means for generating a sync signal in synchronism with rotation of an arm
shaft of said sewing machine vibration detecting means for detecting
vibration generated on a machine body of said machine
control vibration generating means capable of generating control vibration
for canceling the vibration generated on said machine body
transfer function setting means for preliminarily setting a transfer function
4
indicative of characteristics of mechanical parts and electrical parts of
said sewing machine and vibration control means for controlling said
control vibration generating means so as to minimize the vibration
detected by said vibration detecting means according to the sync signal
generated from said sync signal generating means, the transfer function
set by said transfer function setting means, and a detection signal from
said vibration detection means. The machine according to claim 1,
wherein said vibration detecting means comprises a plurality of vibration
detecting means for simultaneously detecting vibrations generated at a
plurality of positions on said machine body, said control vibration
generating means comprises a plurality of control vibration generating
means for generating control vibrations for simultaneously canceling the
vibrations generated at said plurality of positions on said machine body,
and said vibration control means controls said plurality of control
5
vibration generating means so as to simultaneously minimize the
vibrations detected by said plurality of vibration detecting means.
The machine according to claim , wherein said vibration detecting means
and said control vibration generating means are provided on a bed of said
machine body.
6
2. Working
7
WORKING:
Fig 1
Transducer :
The sound signals from the heart are converted to analog
electrical signals using a condenser microphone fastened to
conventional physician’s stethoscope. This is directly coupled to the
chest wall of the person whose heart sound is to be recorded. The
microphone present a higher impedance, high sensitivity,low noise,
weight and operates with a 1.5 volts battery.
Pre-Amplifier :
The ac voltage output o the microphone is only o the order of
few millivolts and is notosuficient amplitude for signal analysis.
Hence a pre-amplifier shown in the Fig-2 acts as the next stage. An
amplification of about 1000 is provided in two stages. The first stage
has an amplification of about 20 while the second stage has an
8
Motor ComputerPreamplifier Low pass filter ADC
amplification of about 50. Continuous variation the gain can be
achieved through a 22 Kilo ohm potentiometer.
Lowpass Filter :
A second order Butterworth low pass, filter with a cut of
frequencyof 2 kHz is used since the frequencies o intrest (both
abnormal and normal) file within 2 kHz. The circuit o Fig3 indicates
the filter that has been used. The cut of frequencyo the filter is given
by f = 1/2 X 3.14 X R X C.
Analog to Digital Converter :
An A/D converter is used to convert the analog electrical
signals to digital signals. A A/D converter using AD574 IC with 12
bit resolution and conversion time of 25 microsec was used for this
purpose.
The digitized output from the ADC is then fed to the computer
where the analysis can then be done to detect abnormalities if any.
9
Capturing Printer Port
Windows, provides several ways to read and write to parallel ports. The
most direct way is reading and writing to the port registers. Most
programming languages included this ability, or at least allow you to add it.
Windows also has API calls for accessing LPT ports, and 16-bit programs
can use BIOS software interrupts for LPT access.
Direct Port I/O
Reading and writing direct to the port registers gives you the most complete
control over the parallel-port signals. Unlike other methods, direct I/O
doesn’t automatically add handshaking or control signals: it just read or
writes a byte to the specified port.
To write direct to a port, you specify a port register and the data to
write, and instruct the CPU to write the data to the request port. To read a
port, you specified a port register and where to store the data read, and
instruct the CPU to read the data into the requested location.
10
11
3. Circuit Diagram
12
PREAMLIFIER
Fig.1 Operation amplifier
13
AUDIO AMPLIFIER
Fig. 2 AUDIO AMPLIFIER
14
COMPARATOR FILTER
Fig 3. Comparator Filter
15
Fig 4.Flowchart
16
4.Planning
17
PLANNING
We all know “the best planning leads to the best results”.
So when we finalized our project it was a question from where to start?
There are many directions but we had to choose the right one. This was
starting the step of our project.
The first event we did was to go through many books,
discussion, meeting, consultations & suggestions, satisfying the basic needs
of client. After hard working we designed our circuit.
Now next task was procurement of material for that we
listed firs the required parts & divided our team in four parts. The work was
equally divided. As our project is hardware & software based so two of us
were worked for software & other two were worked for hardware.
We had divided our project in following parts: -
a. Designing of actual material.
b. Procurement of material.
c. Layout of PCB.
18
d. Preparation of PCB.
e. Assembling of components & their maintaining.
f. Software Implementation.
g. Interfacing hardware with software.
h. Testing.
19
PCB DESIGNING
The name printed circuit board suggests that printing
processes involved in drawing the artwork on the board. And printing
processes are often used to transfer an image to a PCB.
History of the PCB:-
In 1930’s the technology for making a PC board was
invented and name into use during 1945. Before that time circuits were
constructed with point to point soldering component on an insulating board.
But this is time consuming and bard to troubleshoot. Printed circuit board is
a piece of art. The performance of an electronics circuit depends upon layout
and sensing PCB.
PCB are used to route electrical urgent and signal
through copper track while are firmly bonded to an insulating base. The base
material used for PCB is paper phenolic, glass epoxy, polyester etc. paper
phenolic is less costly and used to consumer electronic circuit. Paper
phenolic is more resistance to moisture, but difficult to machine and drills
compared to glass epoxy.
20
Rules for Layout:-
PCB interconnects various electronics component by an
interconnectivity pattern. The general considerations are:
1. Mechanical consideration: size, shape, mounting of PCB, etc.
2. User system consideration: that is whether for consumes or
laboratory or industry etc.
3. Electrical and electronics parameter such as impedance gain,
electromagnetic coupling etc.
4. Easy of maintenance.
21
Art Work:-
For photographic reduction process the artwork should
provide maximum contact between the portion to be each away and those to
be left. Thus the art work should be generated on white sheet with black ink.
A polyester foil can also be used with sticking tape and
prepare artwork but it is costly. Tracking paper may be used but it is not
stable with temperature.
Basic Methods of Preparing Artwork
Ink the drawing. The method is cheap. High quality water proof ink
base is to be used.
Using black tape and sticking pattern.
Using red and blue transparent tape.
Advantages of PCB:-
Advantages of PCB over normal wiring are as follows.
PCB is necessary for interconnection a large number of electronics
component in a very small area with minimum parasitic wiring
affects.
22
PCB is stable for mass production with less chances of wiring error.
Small component can be easily mounted on PCB.
Wiring micro phony is avoided.
Construction is neat, small and truly a work or art.
By using PCB, the electronic equipment becomes more reliable in size
and less costly.
Disadvantages of PCB:-
Art work is a time consuming activity.
Art work requires skill and without designing a new board is not
possible to make connection.
Etching of PCB:-
Etching is the process of chemically attacking and
removing the unprotected copper from the copper plate to yield the desired
conductor pattern. The most common enchant used in the industry is ferric
chloride. The erotically anyone of the following solution can be used to
make PCB.
1. ammonium per sulphate
23
2. chromic acid
3. cupric acid
4. ferric chloride
Method of etching includes tray rocking tank etching
and spray etching. Out of there May rocking is the simplest one. This consist
of the tray of Pyrex glass, attached to a powered rocking table is not
available , rocking of the tray with etching solution and the plate can be done
manually also.
Ferric chloride crystal of 500 gms are mix in water to
make a total solution of 1 liter. During the etching process the connection
weakens because the soluble cupric acid ferric ions precipitate out of the
solution in the form of sludge that rends to settle on the bottom on the
etching vat.
Ideal etching condition required that the enchant be
related to the temperature of between 60 to 70.
The copper plate is immersed in enchant solution with
copper side up in the tray. Only one board should be etched at one time. As
the table is rocked the unprotected copper is dissolves.
When etching is completed the resist material is
remove by using lacquer thinner or acetic acid or petrol. After the board is
infected and proved. It is ready for whole drilling, component mounting and
soldering.
24
Drilling:-
Drilling is performed with the help of drilling machine.
While doing drilling needles was change according to the required diameter
of the hole is to be made.
Mounting:-
After drilling mounting of the component is done. On
PCB respective component was placed imperfective holes and finally
soldered. After soldering the PCB was ready to be connected to the
respective relays and supply. Before than wiring diagram areas draw which
decide the external wire connection to the PCB
25
5. Testing
26
TESTING
Testing is the main event, which has its own importance
in the electronics field. Testing is the process to find the output performance
and fault of the circuit in the various forms. The main objective of the testing
is to check the output performance as per our assumption.
The least carelessness may lead to the major fault in case
of electronics circuit and it is depend upon the layout and design of the PCB.
Printed circuit board are used to route electrical current and signal through
the copper tracks which are primarily bounded to an insulating core.
For the testing of any electronics circuit some common
steps are performed. These steps are as follows.
To check the main power source.
To tress out the circuit. In which following steps are followed.
1). The tracks are not open.
2).The distances between two tracks are sufficient to avoid capacitance.
3).The track linked with the other related tracks is proper or not.
4).The jumper which goes from one track to another track should not short
with the tracks which are in between required two.
27
Thus by testing the tracks of the printed circuit board it helps the
project for making successful. After testing copper tracks the component
were tested with the help of instrument like multimeter, CRO, signal
generator etc.
After mounting the component on the PCB the possibility of the dry
soldering was checked to avoid the possibility of shorting those tracks as
well as the tracks were checked individually to avoid the possibility of
opening those tracks. This testing was carried out with the help of
multimeter keeping in range of Ohm.
After all check the power was supplied and the operation of the circuit
it was observed.
Check the supply voltage and voltages at the points where it is known
or expected to be of certain value.
28
Testing of Power supply circuit:-
The entire components are tested with the help of
multimeter. After testing of component we fix the component on the wet
board. Now we give the supply to the transformer and input waveform is to
be checked. This procedure is simultaneously carried out for Rectifier, Filter
and Regulator circuit. We check the waveform but it is not according to our
assumption, because the waveform is started and then it goes to decreasing.
Due to this the output voltage is also decreases.
29
WAVEFORM OF FULL WAVE CENTER TAP RECTIFIER
For such a fault we test the power supply circuit step by
step and found that the regulator IC is not work as per our assumption (that
means it is faulty). Hence we replace the regulator IC and check the output
waveform and voltage that it is as per our assumption. At that condition we
stop the testing of power supply.
Testing of Switching Circuit:-
For switching circuit firstly we check
the tracks that there should be no defect. Then we mount the component and
give the supply to the circuit and input from PC and check the output
performance of the circuit. The circuit is work as per our assumption.
Testing of speed controller circuit:-
The procedure of the testing of speed controller circuit
is same as the switching circuit at the point of potentiometer for required
assumption we set the preset and again test is carried out after that we give
the supply to the circuit and check the waveform of the astable multivibrator
30
which is as per our assumption as that it is square wave. And then we give
input from the computer and check the speed control as per our assumption.
OUTPUT WAVEFORM OF IC 555 AT PIN 3
Assembling and testing of the total project:-
After testing and confirm the output of the individual
circuit we connect all this circuit is as shown in the figure. When we make
the circuit carefully connect all the connecting wire and to avoid loose
connection soldered and check the continuity of the wires and tracks by the
multimeter.
31
And then give the supply to the input side of the circuit and checks all
modes on output side of the circuit. After completing all modes and
operation are works as per our assumption. Hence it is said that proper
assembling and testing plays an important role for success of the project.
32
SOFTWARE
A software has also been developed along with this instrument. The
software can be broadly classified into three segments.
1. Acquisition routine
2. On-line display.
3. Materializing user friendly interfaces.
The first major segment is the acquisition routine which digitizes and
converts analog heart sounds to digital values. The algorithm involved
in the data acquisition is indicated.
33
7. Bibliography
34
Bibliography
Books:-
VB 6.0: How to program?
-By Detail.
VB 6.0 in 21 day’s
-By Perry.
Electronics For You
35
Top Related