ART GOLD Indonesia Programme
Nusa Ten
Provincial Development Guidelines 2009
ART GOLD Indonesia Programme
Tenggara Timur Province
Provincial Development Guidelines 2009Provincial Development Guidelines 2009
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3
INDEX
1. Introduction
Background p. 4
Millennium Development Goals (MDG) p. 4
Methodology
p. 5
2. Nusa Tenggara Timur Province
p. 6
Profile of Nusa Tenggara Timur Province p. 7
1.1 Geography and Demographics p. 7
1.2 Provincial overview
p.8
Provincial Development Issues and Priorities p. 12
1.3 Provincial Development Issues p. 12
1.4 Provincial Priorities
p. 19
List of possible project
p. 20
3. Profile and Priorities in Districts
p. 23
Timor Tengah Selatan District p. 24
District profile p. 24
Priorities and Development Issues p. 25
List of possible project
p. 28
Flores Timur District p. 31
District profile p. 31
Priorities and Development Issues p.32
List of possible project
p.35
Sabu District p. 37
District profile p. 37
Priorities and Development Issues p.38
List of possible project p. 42
NTT Provincial Working Group p. 45
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Introduction
Background
ART GOLD (Articulating Good Local Development) Programme is part of the initiative from the UNDP
Hub for Innovative Partnership. The programme encourages regional development and more effective
local government in the areas of local participation, local economic development, increasing access to
local services, including health and education. In Indonesia the ART GOLD Programme seeks to improve
the capacity of local government to provide greater services to the population and to meet the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
The ART GOLD Indonesia Programme (AGI) is present in two provinces: Gorontalo and Nusa Tenggara
Timur (NTT).
Following a preparatory phase, activities in the NTT Province began in May 2009.
Since then, the Province has formalized, by decree, the construction of the Provincial Working Group,
which is working with the support of AGI Unit in Kupang. Three Districts have been selected for the
implementation of the Programme and first steps for the creation of District Working Groups have been
made.
This document consists of information collected at provincial level, as well from the three selected
Districts which will implement the Programme. Further, the document is designed to inform potential
partners of the development possibilities of the Province in the hope that international partnerships can
be achieved within the ART GOLD methodology.
Millennium Development Goals (MDG) to be achieved by 2015:
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Promote a global partnership for development
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Methodology
The Provincial Development Guidelines followed a process of consultation at the sub-District level by
way of community meetings with village heads, civil society, local government officials and interested
participants.
Further, the research encapsulated a process of collecting information by direct field visit. Next, the
data were collected and analyzed by the Provincial Working Group (PWG), which is comprised of
sectoral representatives from the provincial government, local university, and local NGOs working as a
unit to create a multi-sectoral document. The PWG also utilized the pre-existing plans created by the
different ministries and province.
Some of the members of the Provincial Working Group participated in field visits, meetings and
workshops at District, sub-District, village and community level:
In the District of Timor Tengah Selatan meetings were held in the sub-District of Amanuban
Tengah, Kie and Fatumnasi;
In the District of Flores Timur meetings were held in the Tanjung Bunga sub-District and in the
village of Bahinga;
In the District of Sabu Raijua meetings were held in the sub-District of Sabu Liae, Hawu Mehaia,
Sabu Timur and Sabu Tengah.
In the process of debate, data gathering, participatory analysis at multi-sectoral levels (Provincial,
District, sub-Distric and village), the main issues and priorities that emerged as central to local
development were Health, Education, Local Economy and Environment.
NUSA TENGGARA T
TIMUR PROVINCE
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Profile of Nusa Tenggara Timur Province
Geography and Demographics
The Nusa Tenggara Timur territory is archipelagic and consists of 556 islands; 44 of which are inhabited.
The Province, which directly borders East Timor and Australia, has 21 Districts with a land area of 47,350
Km2 and a sea area of 200,000 Km2. it is mountainous in topography and has a semi arid climate. The
area has a short rainy season (3-4 months) with long dry season (8-9 months). Global climate change
has had a negative impact to this territory. It is predicted that El Nino will come to this area on
November 2009 and have the effect of prolonging the dry season, which is what occurred in 2005. This
event would have a big impact on the population, which is comprised mainly of farmers (70%).
The population in 2007 was 4,448,873 with growth of 1.82%. Population composition based on age
showed that the percentage of those aged 15-64 years was 57.15%, followed by those aged 0-14 at
37.84% and >65 years at 4.99%. The actual problem faced is that the productive population outweighs
the job availability; thus a real risk lies in the growing unemployment rate.
The province is located in the meeting area of the
continent plaques on the ring of fire. This location
puts NTT at high risk of earthquakes, tsunamis,
and volcano eruptions. The mountainous
topography also brings the risk of landslides and
high erosion.
Human Development Index (HDI) of the Province
in 2005 was 62.7 and increased to 63.6 in 2006
and 64.8 in 2007. The national HDI in 2007 was
70.1, this put the Province in the 31st rank of 33 provinces in Indonesia.
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No District/
Municipality Area
(Km2) Sub-
District Villages Male Female Tot.Pop Household Pop
Density
1 Sumba Barat 737 5 53 54,323 50,600 104,923 19,488 142
2 Sumba Timur 7,001 22 156 116,571 106,545 223,116 44,048 32
3 Kupang 5,437 23 140 143,070 131,063 274,133 65,482 50
4 Timor Tengah Selatan 3,947 32 198 214,975 200,685 415,660 100,832 105
5 Timor Tengah Utara 2,670 9 174 105,830 105,520 211,350 49,760 79
6 Belu 2,446 24 208 207,006 210,998 418,004 86,848 171
7 Alor 2,865 17 175 89,029 89,935 178,964 40,000 62
8 Lembata 1,266 8 117 49,271 55,169 104,440 26,144 82
9 Flores Timur 1,813 18 213 108,771 121,147 229,918 50,064 127
10 Sikka 1,732 21 160 132,274 145,353 277,627 58,752 160
11 Ende 2,047 20 211 108,589 129,451 238,040 50,880 116
12 Ngada 1,621 9 94 64,093 67,372 131,465 26,368 81
13 Manggarai 4,189 6 140 251,573 252,590 504,163 99,552 120
14 Rote Ndao 1,280 8 80 58,415 54,138 112,553 28,128 88
15 Manggarai Barat 2,948 7 121 99,606 101,523 201,129 42,432 68
16 Sumba Barat Daya 1,445 8 96 132,907 123,054 255,961 23,968 177
17 Sumba Tengah 1,869 4 43 30,616 28,348 58,964 34,112 32
18 Nagakeo 1,417 7 93 58,942 64,232 123,174 24,384 87
19 Manggarai Timur* 7 93
20 Sabu Raijua 461 6 63 45,832 53,698 99,530 18,390 216
21 Kota Kupang 160 4 49 141,915 144,384 286,299 61,728 1,786
NTT 2007 47,350 265 2,677 2,213,608 2,235,265 4,448,873 951,360 94
*Data of Manggarai Timur, a new District, are still with the Manggarai District’s data
Source: Statistic Bureau of Nusa Tenggara Province, 2008 (adapted)
Provincial Overview
Education
Education developments between 2003-2008 show a significant increase, Most of the population of NTT has access to basic education. Generally, the participation rate at Elementary School, Junior High School, and Senior High School levels has increased in the last years.
Participation Rate at the Elementary School, Junior High School, and Senior High School
No Component 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*)
1. Gross Participation Rate of Elementary School
92.18 99.53 107.84 112.28 114.20
2. Net Participation Rate of Elementary School
69.14 72.26 76.24 79.78 90.80
3. Gross Participation Rate of Junior High School
48.29 49.67 59.39 59.72 67.46
4. Net Participation Rate of Junior High School
32.02 32.71 39.36 46.24 52.23
5 Gross Participation Rate Senior High School
40.07 40.60 40.26 42.66 48.19
6 Net Participation Rate Senior High School
24.97 25.93 25.62 30.69 34.67
Source: Province Department of Education Youth and Sport, 2007
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The high rate of participation at the Elementary level can be attributed to the distribution of schools in
the territory, with each village having at least an elementary school. Participation rates at higher
education levels show a notable decrease, which can mainly be attributed to the distance of the school,
lack of parental awareness about the importance of education and by the economic conditions of the
families.
Achieving a higher quality of education is a priority for the Province and Districts. Education personnel
require both an increase in numbers and capacity.
The percentage of teachers with High School classification working in Elementary Schools is 70.98%, in
Junior High School it is 12.37%, and in Senior High School it is 3.73%. Teachers with a university degree
classification working in Elementary Schools are 2.81% of the total, in Junior High Schools are 35.33% and
in Senior High School are 60.89%.
The infrastructure supporting the learning process such as laboratories, libraries, demonstration
models, and books of reference are also very limited. Better management of the educational database
is also needed to achieve better planning.
Health
While health services have shown
positive changes, the level of the health
conditions and development of the
people remains low. Life expectancy
has risen over the past few years (2004:
64.4; 2005: 64.9; 2006: 65.1) but is still
below the national rate (2006: 66.2).
The local situation illustrates a number
of problems: low community
awareness on clean and healthy
behavior, high rate of morbidity caused by infectious diseases, low quality of community nutrition
(2007: 37.80% of under five has moderate and sever malnourished), high mother mortality (2007:
306/100.000) and child mortality rate (2007: 57/1000). Community health problems are also related to
deficiencies in the local health system. The ratio of health personnel compared to the population is very
low (Medical Doctor in 2007 NTT: 12:100.000; National: 40/100.000) health infrastructure also needs to
be increased. The quality and specialization of the health personnel is still limited and the distribution is
not equal. Finally, the local health information system is not effective enough to be used optimally for
decision making and planning.
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Economy
Economic development in the province faces many challenges. Economic growth has been fuelled by
consumption activity, however this has created a weak foundation for mid and long term economic
development.
This situation impacted the poverty rate of the population, which was 27.51% in 2007.
The Gross Domestic Regional Product is 3.6 million per capita, one third of the national figure. Economic
development indicated average yearly growth rate of 5% in 2005, 5.08% in 2006, 5.5% in 2007, but it had
low growth in 2008 and reached 3.59% in 2009.
It should also be noted that the open unemployment rate decreased from 5.4% in 2004 to 3.72% in 2007.
Agriculture and governmental service still dominate the economy of the Province. The role of
agricultural sector has tended to decrease and the role of the governmental services has increased, this
indicates low community and private sector investment in comparison to government investment.
Territorial infrastructure
The Province has 0.36 Km of roads for each Km2, and 60% of these roads are in bad
condition.
Each District has a harbor, however most require an increase or improvement in order to
support the 44 Islands. Currently, only Tenau seaport in Kupang has the status of
international seaport. Supporting the interprovincial transportation are 15 airports in the
15 Districts. The Provincial government has also given attention to the development of
the water catchment system by building water trappings, artificial lakes and systems for
irrigation. This sector still needs much improvement, as most of this Province is dry area.
Environment
The tendency of critical land to increase has been more rapid than the effort to rehabilitate the critical
area. Today the critical land area is calculated in 21.094.97 Km2, 45% of total land area; the forest area
that has changed to critical area is 35% of total forest area.
Local Government
In the last few years, the National Government has given most autonomy to local governments. There
are also new national regulations that made significant changes and impacted the entire governmental
system.
Local governments have had to change governance system in all aspects: institution, personnel
management, structure and infrastructure of provincial government, District government, sub-District
and village level, and also planning process, implementation and monitoring of the development
process. The provincial government is now in a transition period and is building new governance
according to the changed regulations.
An increase in capacity and ability of governmental officers is
one of the priorities of the Province, with the aim of achieving
good and clean government. The following figures show
qualification level rates of government officers: Elementary
School 2.68%, Junior High School 3.23%, Senior High School:
47.32%, Diploma: 10.31%, Bachelor 32.44%, Master degree 3.97%
and Doctoral degree 0.086%. The provincial structure is
organized into three main sectors: the provincial Secretariat and bureaus that support the Governor,
the sectoral Dinas (Departments), and other bodies, agencies and technical Institutions. Provincial
Development Planning Body (BAPPEDA), one of the governmental agencies, is the main counterpart for
AGI Programme. The following is the list of the existing provincial Departments and Agencies:
Industry and Trade
Transportation
Communication and Information
Provincial Development Issues and Priorities
Governor
Vice Governor
Provincial Secretary
Assistant of Governance
and Welfare Assistant of
Economic and Development
Assistant of Public
Administration
Provincial Body/Office/ technical Institution:
Inspectorate
Training and Research Body
Village Community Empowerment Body
Environment Body
Nation Unity, Politic, and Community Protection Body
Achieve Body
Food Security and Extension Worker
Province Library
Civil Police (Polisi Pamong Praja)
Electronic Data Processing Office
Liaison Office
Parliament Secretariat
National Family Planning Coordination Body
Statistic Center Body
General Hospital
Bank of Nusa Tenggara Timur
Provincial Department
Marine and Fisheries
Livestock
Forestry
Public Works
Local Revenue and asset
Culture and Tourism
Energy and Mining
Health
Social
Education, Youth, and Sport
Industry and Trade
Labor and Transmigration
Cooperative, Micro, Small, Medium Enterprise
Transportation
Communication and Information
Provincial Secretariat
Bureau
Bureau of Governance
Bureau of Law
Bureau of Economy
Bureau of Development Administration
Bureau of Welfare
Bureau of Woman Empowerment
Bureau of Human Resource
Bureau of Finance
Bureau of Organization
Governor
Vice Governor
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Provincial Development Issues
Education
Since one of the main development problems in the area is a lack of capacity, knowledge and
specialization, improving the quality of education is obviously a main priority. However, improvement is
hampered by a number of factors, such as the limited economic resources available and the
geographical conformation of the territory in which distances are enlarged by mountainous
conformations and bad conditions or absence of road connection.
The sector presents the following problems:
� The number of teacher cannot cover the students’ needs: often classes have a high number of
students and the teacher must conduct classes of different levels at the same time and cover all
disciplines;
� The quality of training and capacity of qualified human resources is low;
� There is a lack in facilities and structures: usually the number of books is minimal with books
sometimes only being available for teachers. Many schools have problems obtaining laboratory
equipment and teaching material; students also have problems in buying stationary and
equipment due to the economic condition of families;
� There is a considerable drop out from school, especially after the elementary level: this is due to
three main factors:
- Family economic condition;
- Absence of awareness of the importance of education: many families cannot see the
advantage of sending their children to school, and often don’t support and encourage
their attendance. This is connected with the common problem of child labour;
- Distance of high school infrastructure from homes: the provincial Government is trying
to reduce this problem with the One roof school program that aims to join, in some
remote areas, primary and secondary school levels into one structure.
Vocational Schools
There are many vocational and professional
schools present. However, the quality of training
and programs adopted is low and in many cases
they are not linked with concrete applications.
This is unfortunate, as they represent a big
opportunity for the territory to prepare future
workers in many sectors (e.g. fishery, agriculture,
livestock, construction, automotives, computer
science, economics and accounting),
Universities
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The center of high education for the Province is in Kupang. There are some universities and academies
managed by Government, private and religious institutions (Catholic, Protestant and Muslim). The
largest state University is Universitas Nusa Cendana. The University has faculties on agriculture,
education, social science, technical science, medicine and public health. The government also manages
some academies related to health; these include academies for nurses, sanitation, and midwifery. There
are also some university and academies in some Districts of the Province. These higher education
institutions are expected to produce high quality students with limited lecturers and other supporting
facilities.
Health
This is a strategic issue faced by the Province. Health development cannot reach a high quality, as it
cannot access the entire population, especially those in the border areas, islands and other remote
areas. Thus, the health status of the population in general is still low. The infant and mother mortality
rate is still high (57/1000 and 306/100.000) and the prevalence of moderate and severe malnutrition in
under-5s is also still high.
Highest health problems are ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection) and malaria (this is an endemic area).
Some diseases are also re-emerging (tuberculoses, rabies, diarrhea, HIV-AIDS) and frequent natural
disasters also have consequences on the health of the people.
Control, surveillance and the accountability system of
provincial Health Department is inadequate due to a lack
of data-information and capacity in the planning section.
There is also a deficiency in the number and quality of
personnel and difficulties in implementing specific health
development and research. The capacity building of
health personnel is also still low and the availability of
health personnel is still inadequate in number, variety,
quality, and distribution. Also, the support from other
development actors to this sector is not optimal.
The main points of the provincial health program from 2009-2013 will be:
- Public health - Improving community nutrition - Prevention and elimination of diseases - Health financing - Improving health resources - Improving health development policy and management - Health research and development - Cross sector and territorial cooperation - Improving personal health status - Medicine and health tools provision - Surveillance on drugs and food - Health promotion and community development - Sanitation (healthy environment)
- Health education.
Economy
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Agriculture
The agricultural sector represents 41% of the domestic regional product.
The NTT Province has considered, in its five-year plan, 4 mains areas to be vital for its local economy:
� Corn
� Livestock
� Sandalwood
� Cooperative
The Province is implementing a plan to reintroduce corn plantations and to promote this product as
fundamental both for production and alimentation. Corn has actually been substituted by rice in the
local diet, but the local rice production cannot cover the demand, thus it is mostly imported.
Breeding and livestock sector is fundamental to the domestic economy, almost all families have
livestock (cows, goats, pig, water buffalo), but there are inadequate techniques of management and
reproduction. If communities and local governments were empowered to create cooperatives,
networks and capacity building in this sector, it would improve the number and quality of livestock.
The traditional way of livestock management, which involves leaving the animals in open space without
control, has consequences on the health of the animals, on the control of animal diseases and on the
local effort for reforestation.
Cooperative
While cooperative activities are considered a key
element for local economic development, the
capacity for developing and expanding cooperatives
is still weak. Many workers that would like to increase
their product value, their specific skills and their
capacity to connect to the market, have no
knowledge or abilities on how to organize and
manage a cooperative.
Based on the local needs and on structure and actions carried out by the provincial Department for
Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, the actions supporting the development of this
sector can be summarized as follows:
1. Integrated program Integrating micro, small and medium scale enterprises into cooperative
Integrating community’s productive enterprises into cooperative
2. Human resources and Management capacity empowerment program
Competency based training for cooperative management
Entrepreneurship training for entrepreneur/cooperative member candidates
Technical Guide, comparative study
3. Program on Cooperative capital resources empowerment
Access to capital resources with easy requirements such as low interest, easy to gain (for financial service, productive and distributive cooperatives)
Fishery and marine
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The NTT Province is waiting to be recognized on a
national level as an archipelago Province. Fishery and
activities of sea farming, especially pearl and alga (sea
weed: eucheuma cotonii) have, due to the geographical
conformation of the area and the richness of the sea, an
enormous potential. However, the level of organization,
infrastructure and human capacity in this sector needs to
be increased. Fisheries remain, in most cases, a home
activity, practiced without particular skill or equipment
and, due to the condition of the network of
infrastructure, without access to market.
Statistics supporting the fishing industry’s expansion are
as follows:
� Less than the 34% of the potential in fishery is
used;
� Only 5% of the population is working in this
sector;
� Only an area of less of 20 miles from the cost is
used.
The Provincial government is enacting a policy to improve the quality of products by training workers
about the importance of adequate hygienic procedure and standards and by providing equipment to
process and maintain sea products, however the quality level remains quite low. Also, the alga (used for
alimentation and the cosmetic industry) and pearl farming industries have high potential.
The products of the fisheries could represent a valuable resource for families as a means of increasing
the quality of alimentation. However, food security is still not viewed as a priority and, due to extremely
impoverished conditions, the best products are often sold.
Industry and trade
Industry still plays a minor role in the local economy and the development of the industries based on
natural resources is still minimal.
The program developed by the provincial Department in this sector includes:
Development of the small and medium industry
Increasing capacity on the technology for industry
Supporting the management of industry structures
Other important objectives are to increase the competitive value of products (there is currently a low
competitiveness of industrial products), to increase communities and people’s entrepreneurship in
order to develop industry at the medium and large levels, to create mechanisms to process the local
products on site, and to connect local economic activities with the market.
In the trade sector the Province aims to improve exports (strictly linked to the rise of quality of the
products), increase consumer protection and to improve the efficiency in country trading.
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Environment
Water crisis
Rainy season in NTT lasts for four months with eight months of dry
season. Water fall is calculated 16 billion m3 per year, but water
infrastructures are not yet capable of create adequate reserves for
the dry season (only 5 billion m3 of water is available, but 8 billion m3
is needed to supply local needs).
The Province has inserted in its plan of development between 2008-
2013 the construction of 1.000 artificial lakes. Actors of international
cooperation are also contributing to this essential issue. Where these
lakes are present, educating communities on how to use and
manage these lakes could ensure their sustainability.
Desertification
Some areas of the NTT Province, especially the southern islands
(Sumba, Sabu, Rote and Timor) are exposed to a great risk due to
desertification of land. The main causes are the long period of dry
season, the lack of infrastructure to collect and distribute water, logging for energy and construction
and the use of slash & burn practices.
Slash & burn is a local practice used in farming: farmers cut trees and plants and burn the land in order
to clean and prepare it for seeding. It is used both for preparing land usually used for farming, and to
open forest to obtain new land for farming.
The Province is carrying out actions of reforestation with Departments of Environment and Forestry and
information and socialization with local communities about regulations and the risks associated with
the slash & burn practice.
Waste management
The Province would need implants for processing waste and garbage. The main center and cities have
public services that collect and transfer it in the dump but the waste is then burned in open air. In sub-
Districts and Villages the common practice is to burn garbage produced.
Province and Districts aim to implement action in this sector, and ask for the technical contribution of
international cooperations.
Mining and Energy
Fossil energy is used to cover the needs of the entire population. The Province is interested in
developing renewable energy and hopes to receive technical support in this sector. A feasibility study is
underway in Flores Island into the use of geothermal energy. Some islands also present good conditions
for Aeolian implants (e.g. Sabu Island), and there has also been some experience in bio-gas production.
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Many of the islands of the area are rich in mineral resources (manganese, chopper, iron, marble,
limestone, clay and, in minor quantities, silver, gold and nickel). In some Districts it is common to find
abandoned illegal mines; this is due to lack of control and local regulation.
Infrastructure
Provincial and districts departments are working to provide water access and electricity for
communities and villages; at the moment 61% of the population is not reached by electricity and most of
the decentralized villages and communities and have no direct connection to water.
The construction of big and small structures and infrastructure to maintain water in the dry season,
construction electric lines and the integration of systems for the production of alternative energy (bio-
gas, solar energy, Aeolian energy) are basic issues.
It is calculated that more than 60% of roads (including national provincial, and districts roads) are in bad
condition. Improving the quality of streets and connections is a strategic issue that will improve health
conditions, education and the economy of local communities.
Tourism and Culture
The Province has much cultural and natural
potential for tourism. Potential areas include
marine tourism (diving, surfing), eco tourism
(tracking, forest, lake, mountain), cultural and
religion tourism (ritual ceremony), and special
interest tourism (fishing). One of the assets for
tourism, the Komodo dragon, has been nominated
to be one of the new seven wonders. The tourism
and culture sector has not yet been developed
with little attention being paid to improving and
developing local culture and natural potentialities.
Access to the tourist destinations is difficult due to the limited means of transportation and bad road
conditions. Other supporting infrastructure (clean water, electricity, telecommunication,
accommodation facility) is also limited. The Province has not yet created a strategy for tourism
marketing development, as it is constrained by low capacity of human resources, bureaucracy, and lack
of potential tourism partnerships.
NGO, International Cooperation and BAPPEDA Joint Secretariat
The BAPPEDA Agency for Development Planning has, at provincial level and in some cases at district
level, a Joint Secretariat whose principal aim is to support and coordinate the interventions of the
international cooperation in NTT.
The Joint Secretariat, that actively collaborates with AGI and is represented in the Provincial Working
Group, has mapped the presence of international NGOs, UN Agencies, and other actors that work in
NTT as follows:
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The NGO tissue
About 500 NGOs are present in NTT Province. Many are active in the identified sectors of intervention:
community development, advocacy, environment, agriculture, fisheries, human resource
empowerment, villages and communities management at planning and financial level, participatory
planning, economic empowerment, local institution empowerment, gender issue, disaster
management, health (including mother and children health, HIV focus) and other.
NGOs try to strengthen community institution in the village by supporting farmers groups,
cooperatives, and other community organization. They usually train staff to give continuous support to
communities and also prepare an exit strategy, so that when programs and actions end communities
can give continuity to them. NGOs tissue can ensure a deep and qualified connection with local
communities when giving assistance.
In the last years, some NGOs have begun to collaborate with the Government in assisting its policy and
strategies.
One of NGOs main beliefs is that sustainability of actions and programs can only be ensured by
integrating community capacity building as a crucial factor (especially supporting technical and specialty
skills, management in organization and financial aspects, network development and knowledge about
evaluation).
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Provincial Priorities
1. Improving education quality a. Improving education quality at all sectors and levels b. Improving education to ensure it has relevance and compatibility with global
environments c. Developing efficient education management d. Increasing community participation in education implementation
2. Developing Health Sectors a. Improving community health status b. Improving the effective works of the health institution c. Improving community health services d. Improving community health behavior
3. Economic development a. Improving the labor force quality b. Creating more work opportunities c. Revitalization of the economic institution d. Increasing production and stabilizing the price of the community production
4. Infrastructure development a. Improving the development quality and rehabilitation of the transportation-
communication infrastructure to facilitate development of economy and human resources
b. Increasing the development and rehabilitation of the water sources infrastructure, irrigation, and dam.
c. Increasing the development of the electricity system and sustainable source of energy. d. Increasing the development of the economy infrastructure
5. Improving local law system and justice a. Increasing community law awareness b. Revitalization and functional of law enforcement institution c. Developing and renewing the local regulation to be more responsive and participative. d. Increasing community awareness on human rights issues e. Developing the bureaucratic law culture for creating clean government and free of KKN
(corruption, collusion, and nepotism) 6. Consolidate the spatial planning and environment management
a. Consolidate the territorial/spatial planning b. Increasing monitoring, surveillance, and spatial management regulation c. Increasing environment protection and conservation in relation to sustainable
development 7. Improving living conditions, the role of women, child welfare and youth participation
a. Increasing the woman empowerment to make gender balance and justice a reality b. Increasing the protection and welfare assurance of children c. Increasing support for youth
8. Special agenda: a. Poverty alleviation b. Border area management c. Development of archipelago province d. Disaster management
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Based on findings at District, sub-District and village level, on Provincial and District’s plan and on issues, problems, and priority just
expressed in this document, these are some proposition for the insertion of the International Cooperation in the local needs and plans.
Some possible actions
Beneficiaries
MDG Millennium
Development Goals
Local counterpart
Governance and decentralization Empower BAPPEDA civil servant on territorial and town planning
Provincial Departments Planning Unit, provincial Department for Public Works, civil servant of provincial and district BAPPEDA, provincial Parliament members
MDG: 1,3,7,8 BAPPEDA, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
Support provincial and district Departments to develop good strategy and practice in waste management
Technicians of the Public Works Department, and civil servant of provincial Health Department, specific programs units
MDG: 4,5,7,8 Badan Environment body, public Work Department, provincial Health Department, Municipal Dinas Kebersihan
Support local service dedicated to new industry and economic activities for organizing in one easy access structure
Public workers of Economic Bureau of Governor office, civil servant of the provincial Trade and Industry Department and provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, new entrepreneur
MDG: 1,3,8 Economic Bureau of Governor office, provincial Trade and Industry Department, provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise
Support local technicians in planning new implants for water connection and valorizing the natural water sources present in the areas
Local technicians of provincial Department for Public Works and Clean Water Enterprise
MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Public Works, local governmental Clean Water Enterprise, AMPL (Clean Water and Sanitation) working group
Support the local provincial Disaster Management Body with expertise and new techniques
Civil servant of provincial Disaster Management Body, the whole population
MDG:8,7 Provincial Disaster Management Body
Increase capacity building and strategy planning of Family Planning
Civil servant of BKKBN, provincial Health Department, Woman Empowerment Bureau
MDG: 3,4,5,6,8 BKKBN, Family Planning National Coordination Body, Health Department, Woman Empowerment Bureau
Improve provincial BAPPEDA capacity planning concerning the archipelago development
Civil servant of provincial BAPPEDA MGD: 1,3,7,8 Provincial BAPPEDA, Governance Bureau
21
Social Service Support provincial program for scholarship Students MDG: 2,3,8 Provincial Department of Education,
Welfare Bureau
Support provincial Department of Education in the program of One roof school to contribute to reduce distance between children and schools
Students MDG: 2,8 Provincial Department of Education
Create scholarship on medicine studies for students of remote areas, especially for women at university and post university level.
Students, women, population of target areas
MDG: 3,4,5,6,8 Provincial Department of Health
Create scholarship on teaching studies for students of remote areas
Students, population of target areas MDG: 2,3,8 Provincial Department for Education
Support the provincial Department of Health, local academies and local University to increase quality of health services in districts
Medical and paramedical staff MDG: 3,4,5,6,8 Department of Health, local academies and local University
Increase the quality of paramedical training and capacity building through formal and non formal education
Midwives, nurses and sanitation officer and other paramedical assistants
MDG: 3,4,5,6,8 Provincial Department of Health, Hospital and districts health centers (Puskesmas)
Support the provincial Department of Health increasing the number of paramedical staff in Districts and sub-Districts
Provincial Department of Health, nurse, midwives, other paramedical staff, population of target areas
MDG: 1,3,4,5,6,8 Provincial and District Department of Health, local Puskesmas
Empower the management capacity of public health structures (Hospital and Puskesmas)
Directors and management staff of Hospitals and Puskesmas
MDG: 4,5,6,8 Provincial Department of Health, Hospitals and Puskesmas
Support the Province in creating actions for prevention of children exploitation, abuse and child labor
Civil servant of provincial Commission for Child Protection and of Provincial Women empowerment bureau, children
MDG: 1,2,4,8 Provincial Commission for Child Protection, provincial Women empowerment Bureau, labor Department, local NGOs, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
Local Economy Support local communities with economic and cooperative capacity building; assist Groups of workers in the process of formalization and legalization of their status
Informal groups of workers at sub-District and village level
MDG: 1,3,8 Provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, Local NGO, Network of Farmer in Timur, Flores, Sabu and Rote island, VECO NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
22
Increase the provincial capacity to valorize local productions and to link with external market
Civil servant of provincial Department for Industry and Trade
MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Industry and Trade, provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, local NGOs
Support the Provincial Department for Agriculture developing new policies and techniques for increasing corn, cocoa and cashew nut production
Civil Servant of provincial Department for Agriculture
MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Agriculture, local University, BPTP (Institution for Agriculture Technical Development)
Support the provincial Department for Agriculture developing new techniques for irrigation
Civil Servant of provincial Department for Agriculture, technicians of BPTP (Institution for Agriculture Technical Development)
MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Agriculture, local University, BPTP (Institution for Agriculture Technical Development)
Support the provincial Department for Livestock in developing livestock centers for research, selection and assistance
Civil Servant of provincial Department for Livestock
MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Livestock, local University
Support the provincial and district Departments of Infrastructures in improving roads connection, irrigation and artificial lake system
Civil servant of provincial Department for Infrastructure
MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Infrastructure
Environment Empower local technicians on the use of renewable energies (solar, Aeolian, biogas, and others) and create pilot implants
Civil servant and technicians of the provincial Department of Mining and Energy, Environment, Public Works
MDG: 3,7,8 Provincial Department of Mining and Energy, provincial Department for Environment, local University provincial Department for Agriculture, provincial Development for Livestock
Increase the quality of the system of collection and distribution of water
Local technicians of provincial Department for Public Works, Environment and Forestry
MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Public Works, provincial Department for Environment, provincial Department for Forestry, GTZ cooperation, ACF (Action contre la Faim) NGO, AMPL (Clean Water and Sanitation) working group
Support local Department of Forestry, especially in the protection of water sources areas
Local technicians and civil servant of provincial Department for Forestry and Environment
MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Forestry, provincial Department for Environment
Support provincial Departments in creating an integrate strategy to front climate changes
Parliament members, civil servants of provincial Departments
MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Departments of Mining and Energy, Forestry and provincial Environmental Body
PROFILE AND PRIORITIES IN RIORITIES IN DISTRICTS
23
District
District profile
The District of Timor Tengah Selatan is placed in the central part of
3.947 km2 with 21 sub-Districts and 234 Villages and has a population of 414.106.
No Sub-District Area(Km2)
1 Mollo Utara 32,200
2 Fatumnasi 32,000
3 Mollo Selatan 42,950
4 Pollen 26,400
5 Kota SoE 2,090
6 Amanuban Barat 22,930
7 Batu Putih 10,210
8 Amanuban Selatan 29,200
9 Kuanfatu 26,700
10 Kualin 23,700
11 Amanuban Tengah 12,500
12 Oenino 11,400
13 Kolbano 21,600
14 Amanuban Timur 22,400
15 KiE 14,500
16 Kot'olin 6,000
17 Amanatun Selatan 12,700
18 Nunkolo 10,600
19 Boking 10,800
20 Amanatun Utara 14,120
21 Toianas 9,700
TTS 394,700
Source: Statistic bureau of TTS, 2008
The population is growing fast; only 29.736 person
in rural zones. Most of the population is Christian.
Many of the Villages suffer for extreme poverty
development index for this district in 2007 wa
District of Timor Tengah Selatan
The District of Timor Tengah Selatan is placed in the central part of the Timor Island. It covers an area of
and 234 Villages and has a population of 414.106.
Village Male Female Tot. pop. Household
15 4,990 14,751 29,741
9 9,859 9,630 19,489
18 13,097 12,551 25,648
10 6,236 6,151 12,387
13 17,355 17,152 34,507
14 15,940 15,562 31,502
7 5,745 5,414 11,159
15 16,913 17,036 33,949
8 9,565 9,517 19,082
7 9,174 8,994 18,168
10 6,222 6,206 12,428
7 4,632 4,738 9,370
11 9,319 9,325 18,644
18 13,664 14,003 27,667
11 8,812 9,656 18,468
8 4,689 5,202 9,891
13 8,462 9,250 17,712
9 6,287 7,081 13,368
14 10,462 11,256 21,718
10 9,512 10,065 19,577
7 6,028 6,373 12,401
234 206,963 209,913 416,876
growing fast; only 29.736 persons live in urban areas, while the remaining 384.370 live
. Most of the population is Christian.
Many of the Villages suffer for extreme poverty and lack access to water and electricity. The h
for this district in 2007 was 64.46 (NTT: 65.36).
24
the Timor Island. It covers an area of
ousehold
Pop Density
6,958 92
4,802 61
6,361 60
3,286 47
7,228 1,651
7,934 137
2,858 109
8,426 116
4,541 71
4,395 77
3,325 99
2,549 82
5,009 86
7,688 124
5,187 127
2,748 165
4,965 139
3,479 126
6,103 201
5,364 139
3,389 128
106,595 106
the remaining 384.370 live
electricity. The human
25
The District has a highland area (Mutis) that reaches 2250 m, most of which is within a National Reserve.
This upper area is crucial for the water access of the whole District and other Districts. The Mutis area is
has two largest river basins in Timor, Noelmina (2150 km2) and Benanain (3750 km). The high land has
more rainfall in a year compared with other areas, which are generally very low.
Additional information about the District:
• People with Health Insurance Card Propriety 20, 38% • People with Rice Insurance 88,44% • Number of person with more than 10 years old illiterate 13,84% (18,46% women, 9,37% man) • Representative in TTS Parliament: 31 man, 4 women • The 23 Camat, (Head of sub-village) are all man
• 0.26% of people has a Computer and less that 10% has a telephone or cellular phone.
•
Priorities and Development Issues
Main priorities of the District are related to Health, Education, Infrastructure, and Environment.
Health
In the District, mother and infant mortality rates are high, with the infant mortality rate reaching
134/1000. Causes are related to nutrition, lack of access to clean water, difficulty accessing health
services and lack of information.
Principal diseases are ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection), malaria, skin disease and diarrhea.
The number of medical and paramedical staff cannot cover the needs of the whole population. 23
Community Health Centers, 2 hospitals and 26 doctors (including dentists) must cover the needs of the
entire district. The next projection shows the access of the population to Local Health Centers.
26
In Villages where a midwife is present, mother and infant mortality rates have the tendency to decrease.
Though, many babies’ deliveries are still not assisted. Also, despite the presence of structures, not all
Village Health centers (Polindes) are active. Education
The issue of school dropouts is a problem, with few
students continuing their studies onto high school
and University. This is mainly due to distance from
schools infrastructure and the economic condition
of families. The number of the teachers and the
quality of their training level also cannot fulfill the
needs of the education system.
Many schools lack basic tools and equipment like
books and libraries. Community awareness on the
importance of education needs to be improved.
Child labor also contributes to the early dropout
rate.
Environment
The District suffers from a high level of
deforestation. The main consequences are a
high risk of landslides and an increase in the
desertification process. There is also large use
of the slash and burn technique.
Environmental problems are strictly related
with culture, traditional behavior, knowledge/
understanding on environmental issues and
27
difficulties in developing a sustainable approach to environment.
The waste collection is present only in the city of Soe; there are no waste management systems, so the
waste is burned in open air.
Infrastructures
Lack of access to water is due to climate conditions and lack of infrastructure for water reserves and
distribution.
50% of the roads are in bad condition, and the situation worsens during the rainy season. Difficulties in
communication and transportation affect a number of sectors (health access, education, economy of
communities). Despite this great need, only District resources can only cover some of these sectors of
intervention.
Electricity only reaches some parts of villages and communities. Districts and communities are trying to
implement pilot systems for renewable energy, and are interested in developing this sector, though
they have limited resources.
Structural problems present difficulties in community housing. The District Government is enacting a
plan to help the community provide proper construction for domestic use. However, many families are
still living in traditional lopo, which also has damaging effects on health (particularly ARI).
Economy
The local economy is based on agriculture and livestock. This is mainly carried out via home production
and home industry. Producers usually do not have adequate knowledge and resources to join in
cooperative structures and to directly connect with the market.
Mining activities are present all over TTS territory; the soil is particularly rich with manganese, color
stone and marble. District Government hasn’t yet set regulations to control mining activities and the
presence of large mining works sometimes creates conflict with the local population.
Workers lack capacity in joining cooperatives and groups, which influences the capacity of people to
valorize their work and products. The provincial Government is implementing actions to help informal
groups of workers legalize their groups in a cooperative way. Departments of Cooperative and Trade
and Industry are joined at District level into one structure, so concrete action can be taken in this field.
The livestock sector, which in the past was a big resource
for this area and contributed greatly to household
economy, is nowadays suffering from lack of knowledge,
infrastructure, research and assistance. Usually the fertile
livestock and animals in good condition are sold; thus the
remaining animals are no longer fertile.
Extension workers, who must connect at district level
with communities and villages usually move from one
sector to another; this creates a dispersion of skills and
capacities.
28
Based on findings at District, sub-District and village level, on Provincial and District’s plan and on issues, problems, and priority just
expressed in this document, these are some proposition for the insertion of the International Cooperation in the local needs and plans.
Example of possible actions
Beneficiaries
MDG Millennium
Development Goals
Local counterpart
Governance and decentralization Support to local Department expertise in the field of water saving (dams, artificial lakes, links and infrastructures)
Districts technicians, population without access to water
MDG: 1,4,5,7,8 BAPPEDA, district Department of Infrastructures
Support local planning unit in developing integrated planning, using updated data of GIS system.
BAPPEDA territorial planning section
MDG: 1,3,4,5,6,7,8 BAPPEDA, District’s planning unit
Support the Local Government with expertise in the field of renewable energies; make analysis, create pilot projects
BAPPEDA, districts Departments MDG: 4,5,7,8 BAPPEDA, districts Departments
Local Civil Servants empowerment on waste processing
District Department of Housing, MDG: 4,5,7,8 BAPPEDA, Department of Housing
Social Services
Create campaign to inform population about proper health behavior
Villages, local communities MDG: 4,5,6,7 BAPPEDA, local NGO’s, BPMD (village and communities Development Body)
Support the Local Health Center with equipment Local Health Center MDG: 4,5,6 District Department of Health
Support the creation and assumption of new qualified heath personal with scholarship
Provincial and district Department of Health, Local Health University
MDG: 3, 5, 5, 6 District Department of Health
Equip Local Health Center, schools and communities with solar implants
Local Communities, District civil servant of Department of Health, Department of Energy, Department for Infrastructures
MDG: 2,4,5,7 Department of Health, Department of Energy, Department for Infrastructures, communities, villages, local Committees, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
29
Local Economy
Support local communities with economic and cooperative capacity building; assist groups of workers in the process of formalization and legalization of their status
Informal groups of workers at sub-District and village level, TTS Network of Farmer
MDG: 1, 3, 8 DEKOPIN (Public Consortium of Cooperative at national level) DEKOPINWIL, (Public Consortium of Cooperative at provincial Level) DEKOPINDA (Public Consortium of Cooperative at district level) LAPENKOP (Training Institute for Cooperative) Provincial Department of Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, Local NGO, Groups of workers, TTS Network of Farmer, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
Support Fatumnasi District, Nenas Village and the Local Farmer Network to identify and solve problems that affect their cultivation
Groups of Workers and their families
MDG: 1,7,8, BAPPEDA, district Department for Agriculture, TTS Farmer Network, local University, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
Support to the TTS Farmer Network to create a Secretariat to join, coordinate and inform
Groups of Workers and their families
MDG: 1,7,8, BAPPEDA, Farmer Network, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
Create a center for research and management for livestock quality at District Level
District Livestock Department, livestock farmer
MDG: 1,7,8 District Livestock Department, communities, local university
Support local Group of Workers in honey production
Local Groups of Workers and their families
MDG: 1,3,7,8 Provincial Department of Industry and Trade, provincial Department of Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, Local, WWF, other local NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
Environment
Community capacity building about how to produce fertilizer with organic waste
Communities, villages MDG: 7 Department of Agriculture and Housing Department, WWF, other local NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
Support the District in developing a planning and Civil servant of district Department MDG: 4,5,7,8 Local BAPPEDA and district
30
expertise for an system of waste management and processing
of Housing, BAPPEDA Department of Housing
Cross sector
Create a pilot intervention in the Belle Village at cross sector level: water access, activities for reforestation, support to the creation of cooperative, increase community knowledge about proper behavior that can affect health conditions, capacity building in livestock management, development of solar energy implant, biogas, women empowerment
Belle village population MDG: 1,3,4,5,6,7 Provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, districts Departments, Belle Village, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
District
District profile
The District of Flores Timur is placed in the Eastern part of Flores Island. It covers an area of
Km2, (land: 1.812,85 Km2 or 31 % and sea: 4,170.53 Km
18 sub-Districts and 226 Villages and has a population of 228,099.
No Sub-District Km2
1 Wulanggitang 255.96
2 Titehena 211.7
3 Ilebura 48.53
4 Tanjung Bunga 234.55
5 Lewolema 108.61
6 Larantuka 75.91
7 Ile Mandiri 72.24
8 Demon Pagong 57.37
9 Solor Barat 150.68
10 Solor Timur 75.66
11 Adonara Barat 55.97
12 Wotanulumado 75.81
13 Adonara Tengah 57.99
14 Adonara Timur 108.94
15 Ile Boleng 51.39
16 Witihama 77.97
17 Kelubagolit 42.12
18 Adonara 46.45
Flores Timur 1807.85
Source: Statistic bureau of Flores Timur, 2008
District of Flores Timur
The District of Flores Timur is placed in the Eastern part of Flores Island. It covers an area of
or 31 % and sea: 4,170.53 Km2 or 69 %). The district is administratively divided into
Districts and 226 Villages and has a population of 228,099.
Village Male Female Tot. pop. HH
10 6,523 6,610 13,133 2915
12 5,688 6,036 11,724 2913
5 3,018 3,293 6,311 1484
14 5,526 5,866 11,392 2426
7 3,908 4,225 8,133 1795
16 6,557 16,957 33,514 7107
8 4,492 4,505 8,997 2061
6 2,071 2,259 4,330 1059
18 5,820 6,988 12,808 3070
19 6,628 7,792 14,420 3691
16 5,373 5,756 11,129 2500
12 3,864 4,003 7,867 1866
12 5,477 5,756 11,233 2596
19 12,430 13,858 26,288 6362
20 6,443 7,711 14,154 4155
13 6,689 7,673 14,362 4215
12 4,571 5,498 10,069 3042
7 4,527 5,145 9,672 2533
226 109,605 119,931 229,536 55,790
Source: Statistic bureau of Flores Timur, 2008
31
The District of Flores Timur is placed in the Eastern part of Flores Island. It covers an area of 5,963.38
The district is administratively divided into
HH Pop Density
2915 51.31
2913 55.38
1484 130.04
2426 48.57
1795 74.88
7107 441.50
2061 124.54
1059 75.47
3070 85.00
3691 190.59
2500 198.84
1866 103.77
2596 193.71
6362 241.31
4155 275.42
4215 184.20
3042 239.06
2533 208.22
55,790 126.97
32
Flores Timur district has 4 volcanoes, Gunung
Lewotobi laki-laki (1,584 m), Gunung Lewotobi
Perempuan (1,703 m), Gunung Leraboleng
(1,117 m), and Gunung Ile Boleng (1,659 m). The
district has dry a climate with average rainfall
of 1,263 mm/year and rain 60-150 days /year.
The District includes the eastern part of Flores
Island, the island of Adonara and Solor and
other small islands. Most of the population is
Catholic, followed by Muslim.
The District’s economy is based mainly on
fishery, sea farming, agriculture and livestock. Access to this District is mainly by road from the main
Flores Island, by air to the airport of Gewayantana, and by the seaport of Larantuka. There are also
smaller seaports around the islands.
Priorities and Development Issues
The main priorities of the District are related to Health, Education, Infrastructure, Food and Nutrition
Security.
Health
Mother and infant mortality rates are high
compared with both national and Provincial
standards. Mother mortality rate in 2008 was
317/100.000. Lack of health personnel and
centers and food insecurity seem to be the
main causes. In villages where a midwife is
present in the local health center the rates are
lower, however only some villages offer this
service. Also, the quality of health personnel is
often low.
The main health problems are ARI (Acute
Respiratory Infections), malaria and HIV.
Leprosy is still present in this area, 88 new
cases of leprosy where registered in 2009, with
increasing numbers over the last years.
The main problems regarding health services
are lack of qualified personnel, lack of
equipment, lack of access to water for local
33
health centers and lack of adequate structures. Many villages, especially the remote ones, have great
difficulties in reaching local health centers. Lack of community knowledge on health issues and poor
economic conditions also contribute to the health problem.
Education
School infrastructure and classrooms as well as
the number of teachers, cannot cover local
need.
Also, the quality of education and school
management needs to be increased.
Due to these problems and a lack of awareness
of communities about the importance of
education, many children drop out of school
early with rates of students that reach high
school level very low. The drop out rate
between Elementary School and Junior high School can often be attributed to the distance and the
student’s family economic situation (usually the junior high school is located in the capital of sub-District
or District).
Women have less opportunity than men to achieve high level of education.
The District Government supports only two kindergartens and another 160 structures have been
established by private sector. Some professional schools are present in the District area; to support the
quality of their training could help to solve the problem of unemployment.
Infrastructures
Only 40-50% of the population has direct access to clean water. The area has many natural water
sources (only 26 of the 281 are actually used: though some have little water debit and some are located
at low areas with difficult access) and lakes, but there is a lack of water connection and infrastructure.
Electricity cannot reach the entire population. Some communities and villages are willing to share the
costs of electrical mini-plants and would like
training in managing them for their sustainability.
Communities are also interested in the possible
use of renewable energy.
30% of houses do not meet the required health
standard.
Communication and transportation are a big
problem: 70% of the 500 Km of roads in Flores
Timur are in bad condition and vehicles cannot
reach some villages.
34
The District plan is trying to increase the quality of communication because this problem affects the
local economy, health and education. However, resources are limited and allocated according to need.
Environment
The principal technique of farmers is slash & burn, which is contributing to rising deforestation. Though
Flores is a green island with many water sources, local behaviors and climate changes are contributing
to rapidly enlarging dry lands. The existing mangrove forest is decreased and the sand mining is
uncontrolled, leading to environmental degradation.
Economy
The District has significant natural resources. There is good potential for coconut, cashew nut and
candlenut farming, but many trees are old and will need replanting for better production in the future.
The geographical conformation also creates big potential in fisheries, alga (sea weed: eucheuma cotonii)
and pearl farming.
The district’s unemployment rate is 38%. Most of the productive labor force works outside the area (in
other districts or abroad), so many prospective areas cannot be utilized. District policy to select and
provide support to persons in requesting visas and passport to work abroad aggravate the situation.
The cooperative sector has good potential; the District has 300 microenterprises, 1064 groups of
workers and 22 cooperatives (11 now inactive).
Local products are usually sold at a low price, due to a lack of knowledge about how to treat and
process them and the fact that access to the market for small producers is limited. Poor transportation
conditions mean communities have to spend a high proportion of their income on this.
35
Based on findings at District, sub-District and village level, on Provincial and District’s plan and on issues, problems, and priority just
expressed in this document, these are some proposition for the insertion of the International Cooperation in the local needs and plans.
Example of possible actions
Beneficiaries
MGD Millennum
Development Goals
Local counterpart
Governance and decentralization Support a local policy for employment to create alternatives to the actual emigration policy
Unemployed people (38% of the population)
MDG: 1, 3 District Social Department
Support villages in the management of human resources and funds and participatory planning
Head of villages, village Councils MDG: 1,3,4,5,6,7 Sub-District, villages, OXFAMM NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
Support local district Department in organizing services for cooperatives
District Department for Cooperative, groups of workers
MDG: 1,8 District Department for Cooperative
Social Services Support the special program of the district Department of Heath to ensure health insurance for all the district’s population
Civil Servant of district Health and Social Department, 6.000 persons that actually don’t have health insurance
MDG: 1,4,5,6,8 District Health and Social Department
Increase District health knowledge and expertise do eradicate leprosy
Health civil servant, medical and paramedical staff
MDG: 6,8 District Health and Social Department, local NGO, local center for leprosy
Increase District health Knowledge and expertise in fighting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Health civil servant, medical and paramedical staff
MDG: 3,4,5,6,8 District Health and Social Department, local NGO
Support the Tanjung Bunga PKK women’s organization with capacity building (proper health behaviors, food security, food processing, importance of education, women’s cooperative and entrepreneurship)
Woman of PKK organization (network at sub-district and villages level)
MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 District Department of Social Services, local NGOs, PKK, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
Support the local health center of Tanjung Bunga with a direct access to water and medical equipments
All district population, local medical e paramedical staff
MDG: 4,5,6,8 District Health Department, Tanjung Bunga Puskesmas
Built new classrooms for local elementary school Teachers, students MDG: 1,2,8 District Department for Education
Increase quality and effectiveness of local family District and sub-District civil servant MDG: 1,3,6,8 District Department for Social Services
36
planning
Support the District hospital with a boat mobile Center of Health to reach remote villages by sea; support relative health personnel
District Hospital, all District population
MDG: 4,5,6,8 District Department for Health
Support access to high school level of education by creating scholarships for students
District’s students MDG: 2,3,8 District Department for Education
Support Bahinga Polindes with equipment and new structure and infrastructure (water access, electricity)
Women and mothers of Bahinga village and their children
MDG: 3,4,5,8 District Department for Health, Bahinga village and Council
Support local communities to establish a water connection to the Waibele (Asmara) Lake
Villages and local community MDG: 4,5,7,8 District Department for Infrastructure, Bahinga ommunity, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
Support the Bahinga Village with access to electricity
All the Bahinga community MDG: 2,4,5,8 District Department for Infrastructure, Bahinga community, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
Local Economy Support local professional schools in increasing quality of courses
Teachers of local professional schools, unemployed people
MDG: 1,2,3,7,8 District Department for Education, local professional schools
Support the creation of new plantation of coconut, cashew nut, and cocoa; capacity building on plantation; support workers for creation or revitalization of cooperative
Farmers, unemployed people MDG; 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro Small and Medium Enterprise, district Department for Agriculture, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
Support Bahinga Villlage and his group of fisherman with fishery equipment, tools and capacity building
Bahinga fisherman group (50 person) and their families
MDG: 1,5,7,8 Provincial Department for Fishery and Marine, Bahinga Head of Village and Council, group of fisherman, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
Environment Support communities and villages with communicative campaign about the risks of some dangerous behavior (burning waste, massive deforestation, slash & burn practice); capacity building on alternative practices
Local communities MDG: 4,5,7,8 Local Environmental Body and districts Departments of Agriculture, Forestry, Education and Health OXFAM NGO and other local NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)
District of Sabu
District profile
District of Sabu Raijua is the youngest d
Kupang District, but has been autonomous since June 2009
from the total province width) and cons
99,530, 60% of whom are classified
Sub-District Km2 Village
Raijua 36.97
Sabu Barat 174.10
Hawu Mehara 65.36
Sabu Timur 60.45
Sabu Liae 57.05
Sabu Tengah 66.85
Total 460.78
Source: Statictic Bureau of Statistic, Kupang 2008
Geographically, this District has two small islands located in the middle of the ocean, between
Timor and Sumba Islands, with maximum height 351 m dpl. The land is mainly
stone, and unfertile soil. It has semi
arid climate shown by a longer dry
season (March–December) and
shorter rainy season (December
February). It is one of the driest areas
in the Province. For example, in 2003,
some sub-Districts had no rain at
during the year, while others
experienced only 17 days of rain.
This district can be reached from Kupang
ferry in 13 hours (there are only two trips a week).
District of Sabu Raijua
District of Sabu Raijua is the youngest district in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province. It
has been autonomous since June 2009. It covers an area of 460.78 Km
e width) and consists of 6 sub-Districts and 63 Villages. Its population is
are classified as poor.
Village Male Female Total
Pop. Household
5 5,034 4,706 9,740 1,998
18 15,936 16,513 32,449 6,324
10 9,553 9,505 19,058 4,010
10 5,224 5,131 10,355 1,931
12 5,941 5,951 11,892 2,453
8 4,144 11,892 16,036 1,674
63 45,832 53,698 99,530 18,390
Source: Statictic Bureau of Statistic, Kupang 2008
istrict has two small islands located in the middle of the ocean, between
Timor and Sumba Islands, with maximum height 351 m dpl. The land is mainly consists of
, and unfertile soil. It has semi
n by a longer dry
ecember) and
shorter rainy season (December-
one of the driest areas
rovince. For example, in 2003,
no rain at all
others
be reached from Kupang-Province capital city by small plane in 45 m
ferry in 13 hours (there are only two trips a week).
37
rovince. It was part of
. It covers an area of 460.78 Km2 (2,8%
s population is
ousehold Pop/ Km2
(Density)
1,998 263
6,324 186
4,010 292
1,931 171
2,453 208
1,674 240
18,390 216
istrict has two small islands located in the middle of the ocean, between
consists of plaster,
Province capital city by small plane in 45 minutes, by
Most of the population depends on
small-scale dry-land agriculture. Crops
suited to dry-land areas are maize,
shorgum, green-bean, ground
onion, cashew nut, and palmyra palm
(borasus sp.). Palmyra palm can also
used as a source of food for
population, livestock and also for
housing and furniture. Coastal area communities
farming. The production per year is 4000 tons. Some people in coastal area
catch fish by applying traditional techniques.
Priorities and Development
Water
Water availability for household and
rainwater by constructing dams and water trap
community. Many dams could not conserve water f
sedimentation. Water springs in some area
lowland areas where the water flows
needs do not reach all of the population
of water connection.
Environment
Lack of vegetation and hilly topography make the top land surface
water. Improper practices in managing agricultural land also affect
The number of trees has decreased
needs (woodfire). Reforestation program
new plants becoming feed for
Village regulation on livestock cannot be
effectively implemented. Land
status also plays a role in impeding the
participation of the community to implant
trees in the field. There should a strong
commitment from the traditional community
to improve the environmental condition.
The lack of regulations in mining activities
Most of the population depends on
land agriculture. Crops
are maize,
bean, ground-nut,
onion, cashew nut, and palmyra palm
also be
source of food for the
, livestock and also for
sing and furniture. Coastal area communities greatly depend on alga (eucheuma cotonii)
farming. The production per year is 4000 tons. Some people in coastal areas produce salt and
catch fish by applying traditional techniques.
Priorities and Development Issues
Water availability for household and agricultural needs is still a big problem. The efforts to catch
and water traps have not succeeded in meeting the need
community. Many dams could not conserve water for a long period due to high absorption and
in some areas have not been used optimally as they
the water flows onto the sea. Water connection for daily and agricultu
population, this is due to limited water resources and
Lack of vegetation and hilly topography make the top land surface easily eroded by
water. Improper practices in managing agricultural land also affects the quality of environment.
The number of trees has decreased as they have been cut down for construction and energy
(woodfire). Reforestation programs inevitably fail due to the extreme dry season and
new plants becoming feed for livestock.
Village regulation on livestock cannot be
ownership
in impeding the
community to implant
ld. There should a strong
commitment from the traditional community
to improve the environmental condition.
in mining activities
38
(eucheuma cotonii)
produce salt and
needs is still a big problem. The efforts to catch
the needs of the
high absorption and
are located in
nection for daily and agricultural
limited water resources and poor quality
easily eroded by wind and
the quality of environment.
cut down for construction and energy
extreme dry season and the
has adverse effects on the condition of areas in which mining is practiced
in particular), particularly river and costal area
Energy
Fuel energy is still limited in this district as there
meet the needs of the people. In west wind season, th
because vessels are unable to pass the wave
the people’s dependence on firewood.
Electricity only serves few people from 6 p.m. to
create difficulties in electrical connection
alternative energy sources.
Economy
Potential in inland area has not
difficult because of the limited capacity in water management and in dry
past, the people depended on Palmyra
alternatives, such as developing agriculture products and other small
Alga farming (eucheuma cotonii)
there is a big potential for trade and market of this product.
Potential in fisheries has not been reached because of limited capacity in catching fish
processing them. Fishing enterprise
utilized by a few people in coastal area
Economic groups in the community haven’t be
have a strong bargaining position and
on the condition of areas in which mining is practiced (stone and sand mining
river and costal areas.
Fuel energy is still limited in this district as there has not been a fuel tank that has been
people. In west wind season, the region can be isolated for 1
pass the waves in Sabu. It contributes to the lack of fuel stock and
on firewood.
serves few people from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. Scratched and separated shelters
connections. Solar, wind, and ethanol energies
been managed well. The population finds land management
limited capacity in water management and in dry-land agriculture
Palmyra trees and green bean. Nowadays, there are many more
developing agriculture products and other small-scale enterprises.
(eucheuma cotonii) has become the main economic activity in isolated areas and
for trade and market of this product.
ies has not been reached because of limited capacity in catching fish
enterprises are conducted by using simple and traditional tools and only
few people in coastal areas.
Economic groups in the community haven’t been developed or organized well; farmers
bargaining position and don’t have good access to market information.
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(stone and sand mining
that has been able to
be isolated for 1-2 months
in Sabu. It contributes to the lack of fuel stock and
6 a.m. Scratched and separated shelters also
olar, wind, and ethanol energies are possible
finds land management
land agriculture. In the
there are many more
scale enterprises.
activity in isolated areas and
ies has not been reached because of limited capacity in catching fish and
traditional tools and only
organized well; farmers do not
good access to market information.
40
Health
This new District faces a significant lack of health
staff in regards to both quantity and quality, as
well as problems accessing tools, equipment and
drugs. A health centre is present in almost every
area but they are unused. There is a hospital but
there is still a lack of equipment and personnel.
At the moment there are only 2 medical staff in
Sabu. Sanitation infrastructure is also limited and
the community rarely uses it in their
neighborhood. Lack of economic capacity and knowledge also affects the health condition of the
community, an example being the communities’ capacity to obtain and process nutritious food.
Number of health infrastructure and personnel per sub-District in Sabu Raijua District
Sub- District Hospital
Puskes Mas Pustu Polindes Posyandu Doctor Nurse Midwife
Posyandu
Cadres Traditional
midwife
Raijua 0 1 4 0 25 0 6 3 98 22
Sabu Barat 1 1 6 9 51 0 5 7 255 37
Hawu Mehara 0 2 4 0 33 0 3 5 161 20
Sabu Timur 0 1 7 3 24 2 5 5 120 34
Sabu Liae 0 1 4 0 28 0 3 5 74 20
Sabu Tengah 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 5 104 38
Total 1 6 25 12 183 2 22 30 812 171
Source: adapted from Statictic Bureau of Statistic, Kupang 2008
Education
The district suffers from lack of teachers in terms of quantity and
quality. Efforts have been made by school management and school
committees to recruit Senior High School graduates as assisting
teachers (Contract teachers).
This effort also faces difficulties because of lack of budget to recruit
additional teacher, and the absence of sufficient qualified teachers.
Problems also arise in providing other supporting facilities, like
textbooks, library, laboratory, and electricity. The distance from
home to school is one of the causes of low student enrollment as
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well as the economic condition of families. These factors limit the access of students to higher
education.
Fishery and marine professional schools have the potential to create a skilled generation in this
field and might develop the economic life of the area. But the lack of teachers and infrastructure
limits this.
Number of schools and teachers per sub-District in Sabu Raijua district
Sub-District Primary Teachers Students
Junior High School Teachers Students
Senior high School Teachers Students
Raijua 7 53 1076 1 17 204 0 0 0
Sabu Barat 25 248 4129 3 52 1104 3 77 1192
Hawu Mehara 13 129 2652 1 17 631 0 0 0
Sabu Timur 10 52 982 1 24 477 1 29 445
Sabu Liae 15 95 1535 1 19 470 0 0 0
Sabu Tengah 9 28 1356 1 3 243 0 0 0
Total District 79 605 11730 8 132 3129 4 106 1637
Source: Bureau of Statistic, Kupang 2008
Governance
As a newly established District, the government faces a big challenge in running good and clean
governance. Civil servants arebeing prepared to face the development problems in the future.
The existing government hopes to get support from many agencies to increase the capacity of
personnel. Accurate data availability from every region could contribute strongly to development
planning.
Infrastructure
This new District faces a big problem in infrastructure. Roads to sub-Districts are in bad condition,
buildings for departments and agencies are under construction, communication means
(telephone) are still limited and constantly inoperative and the quality of the harbor and airport
needs to be improved and optimized to open the connection between other areas.
Area planning
As a new District, Sabu has to arrange its own “Area Planning”, to be referred to in the Provincial
and National policy paper: this plan will be the basis for long-term development efforts. The local
government hopes to receive support from other agencies to conduct comprehensive planning.
Culture
Revitalization of Sabu culture would contribute to the development process of this District. A
cultural approach is needed to solve development problems. For example, the role of traditional
leaders and landlords are very important in relation to area planning.
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Historical and cultural centers of Sabunese do not receive proper attention. The conservation and
development of local cultural assets would bring economic benefits, enrich tourism and create
natural incentives.
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Based on findings at District, sub-District and village level, on Provincial and District’s plan and on issues, problems, and priority just
expressed in this document, these are some proposition for the insertion of the International Cooperation in the local needs and plans.
Examples of possible actions Beneficiaries
MDG Millennium
Development Goals
Local Partner
Governance and decentralisation Increase the capacity of governmental personnel in providing services to the community:
- Planning, policy making, management and accountability
District planning personnel and village structure
MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 Province and District governments, NGO, local University and research agency
Social services - Campaign on clean and healthy life - Increase the quantity and quality of health infrastructure:
equipment, laboratory, sanitation of environment - Increase the capacity of paramedical staffs (midwives,
nurses) and health cadres (traditional midwives) - Providing scholarship for sending people studying in health
sector as the anticipation of future need
Health Department, community, health cadres for Posyandu, paramedical staffs, Community Health Centre (Puskesmas), Pustu, village health centre (Polindes), University
MDG: 2,3,4,5,6,8 Provincial and District health Department, NGO, University and professional association on health
- Increase teachers capacity in public and professional school (fishery program)
- Increase the structure and infrastructure of public schools and fishery professional school (books, teaching aid, library and laboratory)
- Increase the capacity of school management, laboratory and library personnel
- Scholarship for providing teachers - Campaign on the importance of education
District Department for Education, teachers, students, community, school committee, University
MDG: 2,3,8 District Department for Education, teacher, students, community, school committee, University
- Improve the access of the community to clean water by creating new wells
- Increase the number and improve the rain catching
District Department for Infrastructures, district Department for Agriculture,
MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 District Department for Infrastructures, district Department for Agriculture, district water agency,
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infrastructure (dam, rain water trap) - Assist the community around dam to use and conserve
water optimally - Increase the quality of clean water network and agriculture - Practical technology to flow water from lowland area into
upland area - Improve the capacity of civil servants related to catching
rain water
district Water Agency, farmers group, health centers, school
farmers group, health centers, school
Economy Capacity building for community’s groups related to economy and cooperative; assistance to formalize and legalize the status of cooperatives To increase group’s capacity in processing agricultural and fishery products
District Department for Trade, Industry and Cooperative, community’s group, women’s group
MDG: 1,3,8 District Department for Trade, Industry and Cooperative, community’s group, women’s group, NGO, bank, University
Support to increase the quality and prive of alga (sea weed): - Capacity building for farmers’ group to increase the quality
of alga - Increase the post harvesting management - Manage and open a direct market for alga
District Department for Trade, Industry and Cooperative, district Department for Fishery and Marine, community’s group, women’s group, local alga’s traders
MDG: 1,3,8 District Department for Trade, Industry and Cooperative, district Department for Fishery and Marine; professional school, University and local traders association
Support for fishery development : - Increase the capacity of the personnel in managing marine
resources - Capacity buildings for communities in catching and
processing fishery product - Support for providing fishery tools and equipment
Department for Fishery and Marine, traditional fisherman, communities at coastal area
MDG: 1,3,8 Department for Fishery and Marine, NGO, Fishery professional School
Developing renewable energy for supporting economy, education, and health activities for the community; Solar, wind, ethanol
District Department for Mining and Energy, communities, school, health centre
MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,7,8 District Departments for Infrastructure, Mining and Energy, Health, Education; sub-district and village governments, NGO, private sector
Environment Increase the capacity of personnel and community in managing environment; campaign on environment conservation
Local government, community, landlord, livestock owner, school
MDG: 1,2,3,7,8 District Department for Environment and Education, NGO, community, land-lord
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Planting trees in the yard, reforestation in critical areas, palm trees conservation as a source of food and energy, conserving mangrove trees
Communities MDG: 1,2,3,7,8 District Departments for Forestry and Environment, sub-District and village governments, community, school
Developing city and territorial planning in participatory way Local government, BAPPEDA, community
MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 District and provincial BAPPEDA, university, NGO, community
Culture Renovating Traditional houses Traditional community,
district government MDG: 1,4,5,6,8 Districts Departments for Public
Works, Health, Tourism and Culture, traditional community
Promoting tourism District Department for Tourism, community
MDG: 1,3,8 District Department for Tourism and culture, local organizer for tourism
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ART GOLD Provincial Working Group in East Nusa Tenggara Timur Province is
Marius Jelamu Provincial Planning Board (BAPPEDA) COORDINATOR
Condrat Djo Provincial Department for Culture and Tourism
I Made Dony Harthayasa Provincial Department for Environment
Gabriel Ndawa Provincial Department for Agriculture
Frits O. Laoebela Provincial Department for Cooperative, and Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises
Diani. T.A. Ledo Provincial Department for Industry and Trade
Fritz D. Bua Mone Provincial Department for Education, Youth and Sport
Maria Silalahi Provincial Department for Health
Vincentius Sunardi Provincial Department for Fisheries and Marine
Agust M. Usfinit Provincial Department for Mining and Energy
Daiman Wahid Provincial Planning Board (BAPPEDA), Joint Secretariat
Sherley Wila Huki Province Planning Board (BAPPEDA), Economic sector
Sil Leki University of Nusa Cendana
Paskalis Nai SDM NGO
Winston Rondo CIS Timor, Central Information Service NGO
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