In a Swine Production Setting Courtesy of Food Technology
magazine, from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59,
No.8. Food Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food
Technologists, www.ift.org.www.ift.org
Slide 2
Is Our Food Safe From Attack?
Slide 3
Will this Effect Missouri? Missouri ranks 2 nd in the nation
for number of farms. 7 th in the nation for hogs and pigs
Slide 4
Show Me the Money Missouri farms rank 15 th nationally for cash
receipts. Missouri farms have estimated cash receipts of 5.82
billion dollars per year.
Slide 5
Case Study: Bitter Harvest 1973 Fire retardant (PBB)
accidentally mixed into feed rations for cattle. Over a year later
sickness in animals, and humans is linked to PBBs. Cattle, pigs,
sheep, chickens, and contaminated commodities are destroyed and
buried. 97% of humans living in Michigan during that time have PBBs
in their system.
Slide 6
What Type of Harm Could Occur? Intentional delivery of a
harmful biological or chemical agent to the food supply system
could cause: Physical harm (illness or mortality) Economic
disruption Direct Indirect International Political unrest
Psychological harm loss of confidence in food supply
Slide 7
Case Study: Melamine Contaminated Wheat Gluten pet food. Cats
and dogs fall ill and some die. Massive recall of pet food
Contamination was intentional. Waste pet food fed to hogs in 7
states 56,000 hogs quarantined
Slide 8
Vulnerable Areas in The Farm to Fork Food Supply Chain Farm
Boar Semen Supply Chain Feed Mill Transportation Buying
Station
Slide 9
Food Defense focuses on security, protecting the food supply
from intentional contamination. Courtesy of Food Technology
magazine, from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59,
No.8. Food Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food
Technologists, www.ift.org. www.ift.org
Slide 10
Is Food Defense Different than Biosecurity? Food Defense
focuses on protecting the food supply from intentional
contamination. unintentional Biosecurity and Food Safety (HACCP)
focus on protecting the food supply from unintentional
contamination. They help with, but are not a substitute for food
defense.
Slide 11
Who Might Intentionally Contaminate an Animal Production
Facility? Disgruntled employee/former employee Contract or
temporary employee Members of terrorist or extremist groups Truck
driver Affiliate of a competing facility Visitor to facility
Slide 12
Potential Contaminants Biological Agents: Injure by causing
disease, or producing toxin. Chemical Agents: Injure through
toxicity to biological systems, or chemical burns to tissue.
Radiological Agents: Injure externally with radiation burns and
potentially deadly acute radiation sickness. Injure internally by
causing damage to internal organs.
Slide 13
Case Study: This Little Piggy 1998, Malaysia cases of pigs
dying were not immediately recognized as outbreak Oct. 1998 Pig
farm workers suffer possible encephalitis epidemic(265 cases, 105
deaths) Identified as new virus now called Nipah Over a million
pigs from nearly 1,000 farms were destroyed. Pig production is
reduced from 2.4 million to 1.32 million, and farms from 1885 to
829.
Slide 14
What Makes an Attractive Agent of Intentional Contamination?
Long incubation period/delayed effect Highly effective History of
use Available (easily produced in adequate quantity) Low
traceability
Slide 15
Defense plans are encouraged but not required for farms and
most food establishments. Courtesy of Food Technology magazine,
from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59, No.8. Food
Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food Technologists,
www.ift.org.www.ift.org
Slide 16
Facilities Currently Required to Participate in Food Defense
All vendors providing food for USDA feeding programs must now be in
compliance with the Food Defense System.
Slide 17
Four Steps for Developing a Food Defense Plan Assess the
vulnerabilities Write a plan Evaluate the plan Maintain the
plan
Slide 18
Assess the vulnerabilities
Slide 19
Countermeasures are actions taken to shield vulnerable areas,
reducing the risk of intentional contamination.
Slide 20
Areas to Consider for Countermeasure Development Procedures
Facility Technology Personnel
Slide 21
Workforce Shipping and Receiving Visitors and Customers
Marketing Countermeasures for Procedures
Slide 22
Light it Lock it Limit Access Countermeasures for Facility
Slide 23
Write the Plan
Slide 24
Should such an event occur a timely and efficient response will
be critical to minimizing the damage.
Slide 25
Develop a Written Response Plan Plan for handling of
contaminated animals Emergency Planning Facility Map Emergency
Contact Phone List Visitor Log Supplier/Customer Contacts Employee
Emergency Information
Slide 26
Handling of Contaminated Animals First hold all potentially
contaminated animals Potentially contaminated animals will need to
be quarantined prior to euthanasia. Quarantine will need to be
separate from non contaminated animals. Prepare a plan for carcass
disposal, to be reviewed by APHIS and state authorities in case of
an intentional contamination.
Slide 27
Swine Operation Containment and Disposal Plan
Slide 28
Facility Map Name, address, and phone of owner/proprietor
Relationship of the facility to adjacent properties and/or
structures. Road access including transportation routes Perimeter
boundaries, include fences, and gates (with dimensions)
Slide 29
Facility Map continued Buildings, outbuildings, doors, windows,
AC/heating, ventilation Utilities (water, gas, electric, phones)
location and shutoff Septic System and drainage areas with
direction of flow Web sites such as Google Earth
www.earth.google.com
Slide 30
AC Water access
Slide 31
Swine Operation Emergency Phone List
Slide 32
Swine Operation Employee Emergency Contacts
Slide 33
Evaluate the plan Check the perimeter regularly. Make
unannounced entrances at various times. Check locks in vulnerable
areas. Perform a mock quarantine.
Slide 34
Maintain the plan Ensure that measures implemented continue to
be effective. Train the family/employees regarding their effort in:
Prevention Detection Response Re-evaluate the plan annually or as
operations or facilities change.