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CONTROLLED DEMOLITIONCONTROLLED DEMOLITION
Controlled Demolition is the opposite ofControlled Demolition is the opposite ofconstruction.construction.
TheThe tearingtearing--downdown of of buildingsbuildings andand other otherstructuresstructures itit isis contrastedcontrasted withwith deconstruction,deconstruction,
whichwhich isis thethe takingtaking downdown ofof buildingsbuildings whilewhile
carefullycarefully preservingpreserving valuablevaluable elementselements forfor rere--useuse..
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METHODS OF CONTROLLEDMETHODS OF CONTROLLED
DEMOLITIONDEMOLITION Wrecking BallWrecking Ball
Using Equipments such as high reachUsing Equipments such as high reachexcavatorsexcavators
Hydro DemolitionHydro Demolition
Controlled Foam InjectionControlled Foam Injection
ImplosionImplosion
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WRECKING BALLWRECKING BALL
In case of masonry structure this method isIn case of masonry structure this method isvery useful. In this method a large heavy steelvery useful. In this method a large heavy steel
or iron ball is used. It is swung into theor iron ball is used. It is swung into thestructure with the help of a crane. When thestructure with the help of a crane. When the
ball hits the structure, it demolishes it.ball hits the structure, it demolishes it.
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USING EQUIPMENTSUSING EQUIPMENTS
For most of the building with less height, thisFor most of the building with less height, thismethod is useful to pull down the structure.method is useful to pull down the structure.
This method can be use for the ReinforcedThis method can be use for the ReinforcedConcrete structures too. The boom of theConcrete structures too. The boom of the
excavator is lengthened and the bucket pullsexcavator is lengthened and the bucket pulls
down the buildingdown the building
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HYDRO DEMOLITIONHYDRO DEMOLITION
HydroHydro--demolition is the technology that usesdemolition is the technology that usesextremely high pressure water jets that areextremely high pressure water jets that are
capable of removing concrete while notcapable of removing concrete while notdamaging the rebar. The maximum alloweddamaging the rebar. The maximum allowed
reaction force created by water is 250 N forreaction force created by water is 250 N for
hand held equipment and forces from 1000 Nhand held equipment and forces from 1000 Nup to 4000 N when the robots are used in thisup to 4000 N when the robots are used in this
processprocess..
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CONTROLLED FOAMCONTROLLED FOAM
INJECTIONINJECTION
This method is based on the use of highThis method is based on the use of highpressure foam to initiate, pressurize andpressure foam to initiate, pressurize and
propagate controlled fracturing in the concretepropagate controlled fracturing in the concreteand rocks. This method eliminates the air blast,and rocks. This method eliminates the air blast,
flyfly--rock and toxic fume problems.rock and toxic fume problems.
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IMPLOSIONIMPLOSION
AnAn implosionimplosion isis anan eventevent wherewhere somethingsomethingcollapsescollapses inward,inward, becausebecause thethe externalexternal
atmosphericatmospheric pressurepressure isis greatergreater thanthan thetheinternalinternal pressurepressure..
ForFor example,example, ifif wewe pumppump thethe airair outout of of aaglassglass tube,tube, itit mightmight implodeimplode..
AA buildingbuilding implosionimplosion isn'tisn't trulytruly anan implosionimplosion---- atmosphericatmospheric pressurepressure doesn'tdoesn't pullpull oror pushpushthethe structurestructure inward,inward, gravitygravity makesmakes ititcollapsecollapse..
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PRINCIPLE OF IMPLOSIONPRINCIPLE OF IMPLOSION
TheThe basicbasic principleprinciple ofof thethe implosionimplosion isis thatthat thethemainmain loadload bearingbearing structurestructure ofof thethe buildingbuilding isis
demolisheddemolished andand itit inin turnturn weakensweakens thethe buildingbuildingtoto fallfall withinwithin itselfitself notnot damagingdamaging thethe adjacentadjacent
structuresstructures..
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METHODS OF IMPLOSIONMETHODS OF IMPLOSION
TheThe buildingbuilding cancan bebe toppledtoppled toto oneone sideside wherewheretherethere isis aa parkingparking lotlot oror anan openopen groundground whichwhich
doesntdoesnt affectaffect thethe otherother structuresstructures surroundingsurroundingthethe buildingbuilding toto bebe demolisheddemolished
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METHODS OF IMPLOSIONMETHODS OF IMPLOSION
TheThe explosivesexplosives arearekeptkept atat thethe basebase ofof
thethe buildingbuilding onon oneonesideside..
AsAs theythey explodeexplode
thethe balancebalance isis lostlostandand thethe buildingbuilding
topplestopples onon oneone
sideside..
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METHODS OF IMPLOSIONMETHODS OF IMPLOSION
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METHODS OF IMPLOSIONMETHODS OF IMPLOSION
when the building to bewhen the building to bedemolished isdemolished is
surrounded by othersurrounded by otherstructures, it can bestructures, it can be
imploded that it fallsimploded that it falls
within itself withoutwithin itself without
damaging the adjacentdamaging the adjacentstructuresstructures
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EXPLOSIVESEXPLOSIVES
DynamiteDynamite
RDXRDX
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DYNAMITEDYNAMITE
DynamiteDynamite isis justjust absorbentabsorbent stuffingstuffing soakedsoaked inin aahighlyhighly combustiblecombustible chemicalchemical oror mixturemixture ofof
chemicalschemicals..
WhenWhen thethe chemicalchemical isis ignited,ignited, itit burnsburns quickly,quickly,producingproducing aa largelarge volumevolume ofof hothot gasgas inin aa shortshort
amountamount ofof timetime..
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DYNAMITEDYNAMITE
ThisThis gasgas expandsexpands rapidly,rapidly, applyingapplying immenseimmenseoutwardoutward pressurepressure upup toto 600600 tonstons perper squaresquare
inchinch..
WhenWhen thethe explosivesexplosives areare ignited,ignited, thethe suddensuddenoutwardoutward pressurepressure sendssends aa powerfulpowerful shockshock wavewave
bustingbusting throughthrough thethe columncolumn atat supersonicsupersonicspeed,speed, shatteringshattering thethe concreteconcrete intointo tinytiny chunkschunks..
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RDXRDX
CyclotrimethylenetrinitramineCyclotrimethylenetrinitramineisis calledcalled asas RDXRDX..
RDXRDX--basedbased explosiveexplosive compoundscompounds expandexpand atat aaveryvery highhigh raterate ofof speed,speed, upup toto 2727,,000000 feetfeet perpersecondsecond (i(i..ee..)) 88,,230230 metersmeters perper secondsecond..
InsteadInstead ofof disintegratingdisintegrating thethe entireentire column,column, thetheconcentrated,concentrated, highhigh--velocityvelocity pressurepressure slicesslicesrightright throughthrough thethe steel,steel, splittingsplitting itit inin halfhalf
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EXPLOSIVESEXPLOSIVES
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HOW TO IGNITEHOW TO IGNITE
ToTo igniteignite bothboth RDXRDX andand dynamite,dynamite, wewe mustmustapplyapply aa severesevere shockshock..
AA smallsmall amountamount ofof explosiveexplosive materialmaterial isis usedusedasas primaryprimary chargecharge..
InIn traditionaltraditional method,method, oneone endend of of thethe cordcord isis
ignitedignited andand itit travelstravels toto thethe otherother endend..
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HOW TO IGNITEHOW TO IGNITE
TheseThese daysdays electricalelectrical detonatorsdetonators areare usedused..
TheyThey havehave aa leadlead lineline..
AtAt thethe detonatordetonator end,end, thethe cablecable isis surroundedsurroundedbyby explosiveexplosive materialmaterial..
TheThe resistanceresistance ofof thethe materialmaterial heatsheats itit upup andand ininturnturn thethe explosivesexplosives explodeexplode..
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PREPARATION FORPREPARATION FOR
IMPLOSIONIMPLOSION TheThe blastblast crewcrew examinesexamines architecturalarchitecturalblueprintsblueprints ofof thethe building,building, toto determinedetermine howhowthethe buildingbuilding isis putput togethertogether..
TheThe blasterblaster crewcrew tourstours thethe buildingbuilding severalseveraltimes,times, jottingjotting downdown notesnotes aboutabout thethe supportsupportstructurestructure onon eacheach floorfloor..
OnceOnce theythey havehave gatheredgathered allall thethe rawraw datadata theytheyneed,need, thethe blastersblasters hammerhammer outout aa planplan of ofattackattack..
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PREPARATION FORPREPARATION FOR
IMPLOSIONIMPLOSION DrawingDrawing fromfrom pastpast experiencesexperiences withwith similarsimilar
buildings,buildings, theythey decidedecide whatwhat explosivesexplosives toto use,use,
wherewhere toto positionposition themthem inin thethe buildingbuilding andand howhowtoto timetime theirtheirdetonationsdetonations..
InIn somesome cases,cases, thethe blastersblasters maymay developdevelop 33--DD
computercomputer modelmodel ofof thethe structurestructure soso theythey cancantesttest outout theirtheir planplan aheadahead ofof timetime inin aa virtualvirtual
worldworld..
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PREPARATION FORPREPARATION FOR
IMPLOSIONIMPLOSION ConstructionConstruction crews,crews, or,or, moremore accurately,accurately,dedestructionstruction crews,crews, beginbegin takingtaking outout nonnon--loadload--
bearingbearing wallswalls withinwithin thethe buildingbuilding.. ThisThis makesmakesforfor aa cleanercleaner breakbreak atat eacheach floorfloor:: IfIf thesethese wallswalls
werewere leftleft intact,intact, theythey wouldwould stiffenstiffen thethe
building,building, hinderinghindering itsits collapsecollapse.. DestructionDestruction crewscrews maymay alsoalso weakenweaken thethe
supportingsupporting columnscolumns withwith sledgesledge hammershammers oror
steelsteel--cutters,cutters, soso thatthat theythey givegive wayway moremore
easileasil ..
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PREPARATION FORPREPARATION FOR
IMPLOSIONIMPLOSION BlastersBlasters cancan startstart loadingloading thethe columnscolumns withwith
explosivesexplosives..
TheThe blastersblasters checkcheck withwith thethe structuralstructural planplan totoloadload thethe columnscolumns withwith thethe requiredrequired explosivesexplosives..
TheThe crewcrew sometimessometimes carriescarries outout thethe testtest
explosionsexplosions toto check check thethe stiffnessstiffness ofof thethestructurestructure..
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TEST EXPLOSIONTEST EXPLOSION
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PREPARATION FORPREPARATION FOR
IMPLOSIONIMPLOSION DuringDuring thethe testtest explosionsexplosions thethe columncolumn isis
wrappedwrapped aroundaround withwith thethe geogeo--textiletextile oror thickthick
plasticplastic andand thethe areaarea isis fencedfenced.. AfterAfter thethe checkcheck isis carriedcarried out,out, thethe structurestructure isis
boredbored oror drilleddrilled atat requiredrequired placesplaces andand thetheexplosivesexplosives areare keptkept..
TheThe explosivesexplosives areare connectedconnected toto thethe detonatingdetonatingequipmentsequipments..
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FINAL SHOWDOWNFINAL SHOWDOWN
TheThe blastingblasting crewcrew performperform aa lastlast checkcheck andandtheythey clearclear thethe buildingbuilding areaarea..
OnceOnce thethe areaarea isis clear,clear, thethe blastersblasters retreatretreat toto thethedetonatordetonator controlscontrols andand beginbegin thethe countdowncountdown..
TheThe blastersblasters maymay soundsound aa sirensiren atat thethe 1010--
minute,minute, fivefive--minuteminute andand oneone--minuteminute mark,mark, totoletlet everyoneeveryone knowknow whenwhen thethe buildingbuilding willwill bebe
comingcoming downdown..
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FINAL SHOWDOWNFINAL SHOWDOWN
IfIf theythey areare usingusing anan electricalelectrical detonator,detonator, thetheblastersblasters havehave aa detonatordetonator controllercontroller withwith twotwo
buttons,buttons, oneone labeledlabeled "charge""charge" andand oneone labeledlabeled"fire"fire..""
TowardToward thethe endend of of thethe countdown,countdown, aa blasterblaster
pressespresses andand holdsholds thethe "charge""charge" buttonbutton untiluntil ananindicatorindicator lightlight comescomes onon..
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FINAL SHOWDOWNFINAL SHOWDOWN
ThisThis buildsbuilds upup thethe intenseintense electricalelectrical chargechargeneededneeded toto activateactivate thethe detonatorsdetonators..
AfterAfter thethe detonator detonator--controlcontrol machinemachine isischarged,charged, andand thethe countdowncountdown isis completed,completed, thethe
blasterblaster pressespresses thethe "fire""fire" buttonbutton releasingreleasing thethe
chargecharge intointo thethe wireswires soso itit cancan setset off off thetheblastingblasting capscaps..
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FINAL SHOWDOWNFINAL SHOWDOWN
After the cloud has cleared, the blasters surveyAfter the cloud has cleared, the blasters surveythe scene and review the tapes to see ifthe scene and review the tapes to see if
everything went according to plan.everything went according to plan.
At this stage, it is crucial to confirm that all ofAt this stage, it is crucial to confirm that all ofthe explosives were detonated and to removethe explosives were detonated and to remove
any explosives that did not go off.any explosives that did not go off.
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PRECAUTIONSPRECAUTIONS
AsAs thethe explosivesexplosives areare handled,handled, highhigh expertiseexpertiseisis neededneeded..
TheThe flyingflying articlesarticles fromfrom thethe buildingbuilding posepose aathreatthreat toto thethe onlookersonlookers andand thethe adjacentadjacentstructuresstructures..
TheThe debrisdebris shouldshould bebe checkedchecked fullyfully forfor thetheundetonatedundetonated explosives,explosives, whichwhich maymay bebedangerousdangerous forfor thethe debrisdebris removingremoving crewcrew..
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CASE STUDYCASE STUDY
King dome is a sports stadium in Seattle.King dome is a sports stadium in Seattle.
Diameter: 660 feetDiameter: 660 feet
Height: 150 feetHeight: 150 feet
Capacity: 40000Capacity: 40000
Built: 1976Built: 1976
Demolished: 2000Demolished: 2000
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Demolition of King DomeDemolition of King Dome
TheThe KingKing domedomeconsistedconsisted of of twotwo
mainmain categoriescategories ofofconstructionconstruction whichwhich
heldheld thethe buildingbuilding up,up,
andand supportsupportconstructionconstruction whichwhich
couldcould bebe removedremoved..
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Demolition of King DomeDemolition of King Dome
NonstructuralNonstructural ramps,ramps,slabs,slabs, andand sidingsiding
werewere removedremoved totoreducereduce thethe amountamount ofof
debrisdebris thatthat fellfell toto thethe
groundground..
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Demolition of King DomeDemolition of King Dome
ExplosivesExplosives werewere placedplaced inin thethe structurestructure atatkeykey locationslocations..
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Demolition of King DomeDemolition of King Dome Demolition of theDemolition of the
main structuremain structure
occurred in twooccurred in two
phases of a singlephases of a singleimplosionimplosion
sequence.sequence.
Explosives in theExplosives in the
Phase 2 areas werePhase 2 areas were
detonated severaldetonated several
seconds after Phaseseconds after Phase
1.1.
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Demolition of King DomeDemolition of King Dome
Special material wrapped the structure at theSpecial material wrapped the structure at theblast points to control the explosion.blast points to control the explosion.
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Demolition of King DomeDemolition of King Dome
SmallSmall explosionsexplosionsfracturedfractured thethe rigidrigid
concreteconcrete allowingallowing
thethe structurestructure toto
bucklebuckle andand fallfall.. TheThe
flexibleflexible rebar rebar
remainedremained intact,intact,actingacting likelike ropesropes toto
pullpull thethe columnscolumns
towardtoward thethe centercenter..
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Demolition of King DomeDemolition of King Dome
GravityGravity diddid mostmost ofof thethe workwork..
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Demolition of King DomeDemolition of King Dome
PhasePhase 11 continuedcontinued
toto fall,fall, helpinghelping totopullpull PhasePhase 22 inin..
PhasePhase 22 waswas
detonateddetonated severalseveral
secondsseconds laterlater andandcollapsedcollapsed andand fellfell
thethe samesame asas PhasePhase
11..
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Demolition of King DomeDemolition of King Dome
MoreMore explosionsexplosions furtherfurther fracturedfractured thetheconcreteconcrete intointo smallersmaller piecespieces..
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Demolition of King DomeDemolition of King Dome
About About 2020 secondsseconds afterafterthethe firstfirst explosion,explosion, thetheentireentire structurestructure
collapsedcollapsed withwith allall ofof thethedebrisdebris fallingfalling withinwithin thetheKingdomeKingdome footprintfootprint..
TheThe detonationdetonation areaareaprovidedprovided latitudelatitude aroundaround
thethe entireentire perimeterperimeter forforstructuralstructural debrisdebris toto fallfalladjacentadjacent toto thethefootprint,footprint, butbut stillstill withinwithin
thethe demolitiondemolition sitesite..
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Implosion technique is a very economical and usefulImplosion technique is a very economical and usefulbut with the tag that it should be a carefully handledbut with the tag that it should be a carefully handled
technique.technique. This method is mostly used in developed countriesThis method is mostly used in developed countries
only. In our country the use of this technique isonly. In our country the use of this technique is
steadily gaining its momentum.steadily gaining its momentum.
The knowledge about this technique would beThe knowledge about this technique would behandful for the people in future construction industry.handful for the people in future construction industry.
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