The Columbian Exchange
1. What is the Columbian Exchange?
2. How did the Columbian Exchange affect society?
Questions of the Day
The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange
Essential Questions:1.What was the Columbian Exchange?2.What was its impact on the old and new worlds?3.What are some examples of the impact of the Columbian Exchange?
What was the Columbian Exchange?What was the Columbian Exchange?
� Most significant event in the history of world ecology, agriculture, and culture
� Term used to describe the widespread exchange of:◦ Plants
◦ Animals
◦ Foods
◦ Human populations (including slaves)
◦ Communicable diseases
◦ Ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres after 1492
� To America, Europeans introduced crops◦ Crops would later serve as cash
crops for export by the colonists
Impact on Native AmericansImpact on Native Americans
� Colonization brought the spread of disease
� Europeans brought measles, mumps, chicken pox, and small pox
� Diseases devastated Native American communities
� Nearly 1/3 of Hispaniola’s approximately 300,000 inhabitants died during Columbus’s time there
� By 1508 fewer than 100,000 survivors lived on the island
� The European disease was the ultimate conqueror of America
Impact on AfricaImpact on Africa
� The Slave Trade Begins
� With disease devastating the native workforce Europeans turned to Africa for slaves
� African Losses
� African slave trade devastated many African societies
� Before the slave trade ended in the 1800s Africa lost at least 12 million people
Impact on EuropeImpact on Europe
� New types of food and animals were brought back to Europe
� This had both positive and negative aspects:◦ Positive because they served as a valuable source for food
◦ Negative because they destroyed their croplands
� Plants carried back to Europe enriched nutrition in the Old World and this resulted in major population explosions
Horse
Turkey
Chicken
Tomato
Maize
Potato
Syphilis
Smallpox
Old World
Old World
Old World
New World
New World
New World
New World
New World
Allowed Native Americans to shift to a nomadic lifestyle
Provided new food source for Europeans
Provided new food source for New World inhabitants
Staple of Italian cuisine today, world wide use
World’s most important cereal
crop (plant with edible seeds)
World staple crop; failure of Irish crop lead to massive
American migration
First outbreak after 1492 believed to have killed more than 5 million Europeans
Devastated Native populations who were not resistant
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