Immune-Mediated Mechanismsof Atherosclerosis
Ziad Mallat, MD, PhD
Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge,Cambridge, UK
Inserm U970
British HeartFoundation
Effect of Subendothelial Retention of Atherogenic Lipoproteins on Atherosclerosis
Skalen et al. Nature, 2002;417:750-754.
Proteoglycan-binding-defective LDL
Wild type-control LDL
Crucial role of monocytes/macrophages in atherosclerosis
(Smith et al, PNAS, 1995)
M-CSF deficiency inhibits plaque formation (Smith, PNAS 1995)
Lesi
on s
ize
um2
M-CSF deficiency inhibits plaque formation (Smith, PNAS 1995)
Classical monocytesCCR2hi
CX3CR1lo
CCR5+
Non classical monocytesCCR2lo
CX3CR1hi
CCR5+
Anti-CCR5
(Combadière et al, Circulation 2008)
Additive roles for monocyte subsets in atherosclerosis
MacrophageDendritic Cell
MacrophageDendritic Cell
CX3CL1CX3CR1+Ly6C(lo)
CCL2CCR2+Ly6C(hi)
Chemokines and Atherosclerosis
Control of Monocyte Numberin Blood and Bone Marrow
Apoe—/—
7/4
Ly-6G
8.6% 5.7%
Apoe—/—/Ccl2—/—/ Cx3cr1—/—
7/4
Ly-6G
C57Bl/6 Ccl2—/—/ Cx3cr1—/—
12 3
2.6%
2.0%
1.3%
0.7%CCL2/CCR2
CX3CL1/CX3CR1
Monocyte emigration from bone marrow during bacterial infection requires signals mediated by chemokine receptor
CCR2 (Serbina MV, Nat Immunol 2006)
Th2
STAT6GATA-3
IL-5
IL-33IL-13
OX40L OX40
IL-25IL-13IL-6 CCL2
IL-4
B1 cell
oxLDL-IgM
endothelial activation
VSMC
M2 macrophage
Lahoute C & Mallat Z, 2011
Potential Role of Th2 Cells in Atherosclerosis
Cardilo-Reis L et al.,EMBO Mol Med 2012
Binder CJ et al.,JCI 2004
Miller AM et al.,JEM 2008
Hanson GK.N Engl J Med 2005
Ait-Oufella et al. 2006
nTreg and TGF-β
Mallat et al. 2003
Tr1 cells: IL-10
Regulatory T cells Control Atherosclerosis
IL10TGFβ
Maintenance of tolerance
Th1
Th2
Treg
Treg
Mac.
IL10TGFb
IFNg
Treg
Th2 Th1
IL10TGFb
Atherosclerotic plaque
Lymph node
Regulation of inflammation
SMC SMCECEC
Pathogenic immunity
Mallat et al., Physiol Rev 2006; J Lipid Res 2008
oxLDL, HSP…
Pathogenic DC IFNg
Tolerogenic DC Apoptotic debris
Mfge8, Mertkdependent clearance
TLRs,IL12/IL18…
IL10TGFb
IL4
IL12
Compromised Treg induction/survival in inflammatory site
b
Mfge8+/+ Mfge8/Mfge8/
d Percentacellular core
Mfge8+/+ Mfge8/
**Microparticle level(x103/l plasma)
Mfge8+/+ Mfge8/
**e
Lesion size(x105 m2)
a
Mfge8+/+ Mfge8/ Mfge8+/+ Mfge8/
**
c
Caspase-3
Ait-Oufella et al., Circulation 2007
Treg cell
Foxp3IL-10TGF-b
Apoptotic bodies
APC TolerogenicAPC
TGF-bIL-10
PRRMfge8-
dependentclearance
TGF-bIL-10
Atherosclerosis
Th1Th2Th17
IL-6IL-12IL-23
IFNg
IL-4IL-17
Mature APC
PRR(Tlr4…)
Pathogenic T cell
No Mfge8(defectiveclearance)
Free Cholesterol
αvβ3
University of CambridgeBritish Heart Foundation
Andy SAGEDeirdre MURPHY
Lauren BAKERJames HARRISONLeanne MASTERS
Xuan LICéline LOINARDFernanda SCHREIBERNada SALEH
Inserm U970Alain TEDGUIHafid AIT-OUFELLAOlivier HERBINPatrick BRUNEVAL
Jean-SébastienSILVESTREYasmine ZOUGGARI
CeMM, Medical Universityof Vienna, AustriaChristoph J. BINDER
AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie UniversityTabassome SIMON
Duke University, USAThomas F. TEDDER
University of Utrecht,The NetherlandsGerard PASTERKAMP
UCSF, USAIsrael F. CHARO
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400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Control SOCS3 -/-
Tota
l cho
lest
erol
(m
g/dl
)
Taleb et al. J Exp Med, 2009;206:2067-2077
Neutralization of IL17 Abrogates theAthero-Protective Effect of T Cell-Specific SOCS3 Deletion
Taleb et al. J Exp Med 2009;206:2067-2077
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