Download - Imagining the Future ‐‐never a sure thingbesser.tsoa.nyu.edu/howard/Talks/reimagining.pdf · Many Digital Humanies Organizaons Besser‐Reimagining Archives 18 Many Digital Humanies

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Re‐ImagingarchivesfortheDigitalScholaroftheFuture

HowardBesserDirector,NYUMovingImageArchiving

&PreservaAonProgramhBp://besser.tsoa.nyu.edu/howard/

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Re‐ImagingarchivesfortheDigitalScholaroftheFuture

•  HazardsofpredicAons•  Methodsweusetopredict•  LookingatDigitalHumaniAesforinspiraAon•  Lookingaroundustosocietalinfotrends,alliedfields,smallprojectsw/iourfield,…

•  ‐‐‐‐‐segmentaAon

•  ‐‐‐‐‐crowd‐sourcingfortagging•  ‐‐‐‐‐geo‐referencing•  ‐‐interveningwhentheworkisbeingcreated,tosavebothcontentandmetadata


ImaginingtheFuture‐‐neverasurething

ImaginingtheFuture(1888)

•  Predic:onsthatwereborneout:

•  Unregulatedstockmarkets

•  Ab/useofcreditcards•  Riseofbigboxstores•  Socialism•  Musicdownloading


SomeAmesourPredicAonscomealiBlelaterthanpredicted


Newspeak:not1984,but2decadeslater

•  surgicalstrike•  collateraldamage•  smartbombs


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Newspeak:

IraqWar


Newspeak:PredicAonsenterpopularcultureandactualworkenvironment


•  “transiAonconsultant”

•  “reengineering”•  “right‐sizing”

Dystopianviewsofinfopurposelyhidden(JocastaNu,JediArchivist)

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ALAImagineers‐‐usingSciFitopredict/inventfuturelibraries


ALAImagineers(1998)


WhatdidALAImagineersgivebirthto?

•  Today’sandtomorrow’sdigitallibraries•  Melvyl,CNI

•  Standardsforinteroperability:Z39.50,DublinCore,METS

•  VisionofaninterconnectedworldofculturalinformaAon


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WheredowelooktohelpourpredicAons?


Langlookedaroundhim,andextrapolatedfromexisAngcondiAons


AgoodplacetolookforideastofeedpredicAonsisDigitalHumaniAes


•  ArelaAvelynewly‐recognizedfieldofstudy•  Afieldthatreliesuponscholarlyaccesstoalargebodyofmaterialhousedinarchives

•  AfieldthathasaBractedrecogniAonfromimportantpowersources(fundingagencies,universityadministrators,academicpublishers,…)

•  Afieldthatappearstoberapidlygrowing

NEHnowhasanenAreofficedevotedtoDigitalHumaniAes



ManyDigitalHumaniAesOrganizaAons


ManyDigitalHumaniAesJournals(printjournalsonly,courtesyofMaBKirschenbaum)

•  1.ComputersandtheHumani:es,(U.S.)[X].

•  2.ComputersandTexts,(U.K.)[X],journal/newsleBeroftheCTICentreforTextualStudies.

•  3.JahrbuchfürComputerphilologie(München,Germany).

•  4.LiteraryandLinguis:cCompu:ng,(U.K.)[X],theofficialjournaloftheAssociaAonforLiteraryandLinguisAcCompuAng.

•  5.OfficeforHumani:esCommunica:on,Publica:ons(U.K.)[X],currently10Atlesinprint.

•  6.Revue.Informa:queetSta:s:quesdanslesSciencesHumaines(Belgium)[X].ArAclesinFrenchandEnglishconcerningtheapplicaAonsofcompuAngtechniquesandstaAsAcstothehumaniAes.

•  7.TextTechnology(Canada)[X].AjournaldedicatedtocomputertechnologiesandtheirapplicaAonstotext.

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DigitalHumaniAesLandscape

•  Largeandamorphous•  Mostbranchesrelyuponbodiesofcontent,andcomputerstohelpanalyzethatcontent

•  myownbiases‐‐towardsbranchesthataBemptacloseanalysisoftext

1973‐74IstudiedfilminParis


Didcloseanalysis


diagrammedshotbyshot


AndonlymidwaythroughdidIrealizethatIwasfollowinga“new”cinematheory

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SowhenIlookatDigitalHumanites

•  InoAcestructuralapproaches•  IlookatdeconstrucAon•  Andaddingmylibrarybackground,IlookateachcinemaAcobjectassomethingtodiagrammedandindexed

•  Ilookat…

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TheTextEncodingIniAaAve


TEILight(BenJonsonpoetry)


TEI

•  WorksaremarkedupforstructureusingXML(muchlikeEADmark‐up)

•  makesiteasytofindtherightplacewithinawork

•  allowsacomputerprogramtohelpanalyzetheworkanditscomponentparts


OXDB

•  ToolsforoperaAngondigitalmovies•  Annotatesadigitalmovieinconsistentways(andwithmulAplecategoriesofanimaAon)

•  Segmentsamovie,breakingitintoitscomponentparts

•  Hasgeo‐referencingbuilt‐in


OXDB‐browsefilmlist


OXDB‐fullrecord(canbeannotated)

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OXDB‐shotsw/ifilm


OXDB‐segmentaAonw/ifilm


Pad.ma

•  ImplementaAonofOXDBtools•  Arepositoryofdigitalmovies

•  Atooltodaytoconsistentlyannotateadigitalmovieandbreakitintoitscomponentparts

•  Hasgeo‐referencingbuilt‐in•  Expectscrowd‐sourcingofannotaAons/metadata

Pad.ma—openingscreen



Pad.ma‐‐browserepository


Pad.ma—segmentaAonlinkedtometadata

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Pad.ma—locaAons,keywords,descripAonschangew/segment


Pad.ma

Geo‐referencingwillbecomeeasierandeasier


NeedtotakeadvantageofGPSbuiltintocameras


NeedtointegratewithotherubiquitousapplicaAons(googlemaps)

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Lowergranularity:Geo‐locaAonwithinthesceneofafilm

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BriAshLibrary’sSoundMap


PreservingDigitalPublicTV

•  WorldFocus,nightlynewsshow

•  Capturemetadatawhenit’sfirstknown(duringtheproducAonprocess)

•  Automateasmuchaspossible(GPSchipsincameras)-Besser & Van Malssen (2007) Pushing Metadata Upstream

into the Content Production Process: Preliminary Studies of Public Television

SallyPoBerArchive(SP‐ARK)

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SP‐ARK—canlookthroughscenes,shotsofOrlando

ArchiveContents•  SCREENWRITING

•  »Originalnovel•  »Notes•  »Pre‐drauhandwriBennotes•  »Typednotes»Draus•  »Earliestdrau‐typewriBen

•  »EarlyparAaldrau‐handwriBen•  »OriginalhandwriBendrau•  »Reviseddrau»Finishedscreenplay•  DEVELOPMENT•  »Sketches/painAngs•  FINANCING

•  »Funding»PresentaAonbook•  »Cannesprospectus•  PRE‐PRODUCTION•  »CasAng•  »Interviews/screentests•  »ProducAondesign

•  »Costumedesign•  »Photographs•  »LocaAons•  »Photographs»Notes»Video

•  PRODUCTION

•  »Callsheets•  »Dailyprogressreports•  »PicturenegaAvereports•  »ShooAngschedule•  »Setphotography

•  »FilmsAlls•  »Behindthescenesphotos•  »ConAnuitysheets•  »Videorushes•  PREMIERE/FILMFESTIVALS•  »Interviews

•  »TVandPress•  DISTRIBUTION/PUBLICITY•  »MarkeAng•  »Selectedscenecommentary•  »Soundtrackalbum•  »FilmDVD

•  »SallyPoBer'sdiary

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SP‐ARK‐screenwriAngnotes(pre‐drau)

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SP‐ARK‐everyitemhascatalogininfoandcanalsobetaggedbyusers


SP‐ARK‐developmentsketches


SP‐ARK‐ScreenTest—QuenAnCrisp


SP‐ARK‐pre‐producAoncostumedesign


SP‐ARK‐locaAonsites


SP‐ARK‐locaAonnotes


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SP‐ARK‐CallSheets


SP‐ARK‐DailyProgressReports


SP‐ARK‐PictureNegaAveReports


SP‐ARK‐ShooAngSchedule


SP‐ARK‐BehindScenesPhotography


SP‐ARK‐ConAnuitySheets


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SP‐ARK‐FesAvalInterviews


SP‐ARK‐SallyPoBerDiary


SP‐ARK‐SallyPoBerDiary


SP‐ARKPathways


SP‐ARKPathways‐


SP‐ARKPathways‐fromliststonarraAves…


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SP‐ARKPathways‐…toessays


Broadissueswemustbeawareof

•  Futureaudience(andevenscholarship)willbemuchwidergroupthanfilmscholars(justlookattheexperienceartmuseums)

•  FuturecontentwillbemuchbroaderthannarraAvefilm(newsreels,uneditedfootage,homemovies,otherOrphans,…)

•  FutureuseswillbemuchbroaderthantypicalcriAqueofasinglefilm(clipre‐useandappropriaAon,examiningleu‐handedness,…)



Elementstopreparefor

•  Userswillwanttofindeversmallerunitsofgranularity(andexpectustohelpwithsegmentaAon)

•  Userswillwanttogobeyondlooking,andtobringclipsintotheirowncreaAons/appropriaAons

•  Geo‐referencingwillbelow‐hangingfruit•  UserparAcipaAon(crowd‐sourcing)canallowustodomore

forless,providemulApleperspecAves,etc.

•  Interoperabilitywithotherinforesources(googlemaps,…)iscriAcal

•  RelaAonshipswithcontentcreators(toobtainmaterialandmetadatathattheymightthrowaway)iscriAcal

Futureweimaginehasitsownfuture;processofimaginingisneverfinished


Ofcourse,ourpredicAonscanalwaysbewrong!


FurtherInformaAon

•  hBp://besser.tsoa.nyu.edu/howard/•  hBp://0xdb.org/•  hBp://pad.ma/

•  hBp://www.sp‐ark.org/•  hBp://sounds.bl.uk/uksoundmap/index.aspx
