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A Project report
On
IMAGE BASED STEGANOGRAPHY USING LSB
INSERTION TECHNIQUE
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRONICS AND COMM ENGNEERING
By
N.BALA GANGADHAR 08X25A0404
E.MALLIKHARJUN RAO 07X21A0418
D.VENKATA GANESH 07X21A0414
Under the guidance of
Mr.
Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF ELETRONI ! OMM ENGG
PRI"ADHARSHINI INST OF TEH ! SIENE
#A$$%&%'()* (+ J','-'r&'& N)-r T)/-+&+%/'& U%)r3%( K'6%'*'
-%('&'*% N)'r T)'&% G(r D%3(.9522:0; A.P.
2011
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PRIYADHARSHINI INST OF TECH & SCIENCE
(Affiliat! t" #a$a%alal N%' T%)"l"*ial U)i+,it-. /ai)a!a
C%i)tala'!i. Na T)ali. G')t' Di,t34522607. A3P3
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC & COMM ENGG
CERTIFICATE
T-%3 %3 (+ /)r(%$ (-'( (-) r+ %3 ?)% 3?@%(()* ?
N.BALA GANGADHAR 08X25A0404
E.MALLIKHARJUN RAO 07X21A0418
D.VENKATA GANESH 07X21A0414
% 'r(%'& $&$%&&@)( +$ (-) r)%r)@)(3 $+r (-) ','r* +$ BACHELOR OF
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(-)@ *)r @ %*'/) '* 3)r%3%+. T-) r)3&( )@?+*%)* % (-%3 r+
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AC/NO9LEDGEMENT
I ,+&* &%6) (+ )r)33 @ r'(%(*) (+ '&& (-) )+&) ?)-%* (-) 3/r)) ,-+-)&)* @) (+ (r'3$+r@ ' %*)' %(+ ' r)'& '&%/'(%+ .
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@'
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Li,t "f fi*',
Li,t "f ta:l,
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13 INTRODUCTION
1.1 M+(%'(%+
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1.: O?
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4.2 DFD ER UML *%'r'@ #' +(-)r r+3 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
INDE?
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S3NO TOPIC NAME PAGE NUMBERS
1 ABSTRAT :94
2 INTRODUTION 59;: BAKGROUND HISTOR" 79
4 THEOR" ABOUT STEGANOGRAPH" 10917
5 DIFFERENT KINDS OF STEGANOGRAPH" 18922
; LSB INSERTION TEHNIUE 2:924
7 APPLIATIONS OF STEGANOGRAPH" 2592
8 DIGITAL IMAGE PROESSING :0945
INTRODUTION TO MATLAB 4;95110 RESULT 5295:
11 ONLUSION 54955
12 FUTURE SOPE 5;957
1: REFERENES 5895
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ABSTRACT
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ABSTRACT
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INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
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BAC/GROUND HISTORY
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BAC/GROUND HISTORY
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THEORY ABOUT STEGANOGRAPHY
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THEORY@
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' )%*)/) (-'( 3+@) )(r' *'(' %3 )@?)**)* (-)). I +(-)r ,+r*3 (-) )33)& *'('
'* (-) 3()+ *'(' @3( ?) )r 3%@%&'r. A 3)r +$ 3()'+r'- 3-+&* *%3/'r* (-)
+r%%'& )33)& *'(' '$()r )@?)**% % +r*)r +( (+ '&&+, '+) (+ /+@'r) (-) 3()+
'* (-) +r%%'& *'('.
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T-)r) 'r) ?'3%/'&& (-r)) ()3 +$ 3()'+r'-%/ r+(+/+&3 3)*. T-) 'r)
Pr) S()'+r'- S)/r)( K) S()'+r'- '* P?&%/ K) S()'+r'-.
Pr) S()'+r'- %3 *)$%)* '3 ' 3()'+r'-%/ 33()@ (-'( *+)3 +( r)%r)
(-) )/-') +$ ' /%-)r 3/- '3 ' 3()+96). T-%3 @)(-+* +$ S()'+r'- %3 (-)
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@)33'). U3% +) 33()@3 3/- '3 (-) I()r)( ,) 6+, (-%3 %3 +( (-) /'3) '( '&&.
S)/r)( K) S()'+r'- %3 *)$%)* '3 ' 3()'+r'-%/ 33()@ (-'( r)%r)3
(-) )/-') +$ ' 3)/r)( 6) #3()+96) r%+r (+ /+@@%/'(%+. S)/r)( K)
S()'+r'- ('6)3 ' /+)r @)33') '* )@?)*3 (-) 3)/r)( @)33') %3%*) +$ %( ?3% ' 3)/r)( 6) #3()+96). O& (-) 'r(%)3 ,-+ 6+, (-) 3)/r)( 6) /' r))r3)
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(-) r+/)33 '* r)'* (-) 3)/r)( @)33'). U&%6) Pr) S()'+r'- ,-)r) '
)r/)%)* %%3%?&) /+@@%/'(%+ /-')& %3 r)3)( S)/r)( K) S()'+r'-
)/-')3 ' 3()+96) ,-%/- @'6)3 %( @+r) 33/)(%?&) (+ %()r/)(%+. T-) ?))$%(
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(-'( 3)3 ' ?&%/ 6) '* ' r%'() 6) (+ 3)/r) (-) /+@@%/'(%+ ?)(,)) (-)
'r(%)3 ,'(% (+ /+@@%/'() 3)/r)(&. T-) 3)*)r ,%&& 3) (-) ?&%/ 6) *r%
(-) )/+*% r+/)33 '* +& (-) r%'() 6) ,-%/- -'3 ' *%r)/( @'(-)@'(%/'&
r)&'(%+3-% ,%(- (-) ?&%/ 6) /' *)/%-)r (-) 3)/r)( @)33'). P?&%/ K)
S()'+r'- r+%*)3 ' @+r) r+?3( ,' +$ %@&)@)(% ' 3()'+r'-%/ 33()@
?)/'3) %( /' (%&%C) ' @/- @+r) r+?3( '* r)3)'r/-)* ()/-+&+ % P?&%/ K)
r(+r'-. I( '&3+ -'3 @&(%&) &))&3 +$ 3)/r%( % (-'( ,'()* 'r(%)3 @3( $%r3(
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@)33').
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DIFFERENT /INDS OF
STEGANOGRAPHY
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TYPES OF STEGANOGRAPHY
S)/r)(3 /' ?) -%**) %3%*) '&& 3+r(3 +$ /+)r %$+r@'(%+ ()( %@')3
'*%+ %*)+ '* @+r). M+3( 3()'+r'-%/ (%&%(%)3 +,'*'3 -%*) %$+r@'(%+
%3%*) %@')3 '3 (-%3 %3 r)&'(%)& )'3 (+ %@&)@)(. T-)r) 'r) $+&&+,% ,'3 (+
%@&)@)( 3()'+r'- 3% %@')3 T-)3) 'r) Pr+/)33% I@') P%)&3
r+/)33% %@') %)&3 '* /r)'(% 3+(&%-(3 r+/)33% %@') %)&3 % %@') '*
/+(r+&&% (-) /+(r'3( '* ?r%-()33 /+(r+&&% (-) /+&+r %()3%( /+&+r $%&()r
/+&+r %)r3%+ '* )r$+r@% /++&(%+ % %@')3. H+,))r (-)r) 'r) (++&3
''%&'?&) (+ 3(+r) 3)/r)(3 %3%*) '&@+3( ' () +$ /+)r 3+r/). I( %3 '&3+ +33%?&) (+
-%*) %$+r@'(%+ %3%*) ()(3 3+*3 '* %*)+ $%&@3. T-) @+3( %@+r('( r+)r( +$
' /+)r 3+r/) %3 (-) '@+( +$ *'(' (-'( /' ?) 3(+r)* %3%*) %( ,%(-+( /-'% (-)
+(%/)'?&) r+)r(%)3 +$ (-) /+)r. -) ' %@') %3 *%3(+r()* +r ' %)/) +$ @3%/
3+*3 *%$$)r)( (-' (-) +r%%'& (-) /+)r 3+r/) ,%&& ?) 33%/%+3 '* @' ?)
/-)/6)* @+r) (-+r+-&.
1E)"!i)* St M,,a*, i) T8t
E/+*% 3)/r)( @)33')3 % ()( /' ?) ' )r /-'&&)% ('36. T-%3 %3 ?)/'3) ()(
$%&)3 -') ' )r 3@'&& '@+( +$ r)**'( *'(' (+ r)&'/) ,%(- ' 3)/r)( @)33').
S%/) ))r+) /' r)'* )/+*% ()( % '(r'& 3)()/)3 %3 *+?($&& )$$)/(%).
A+(-)r *r',?'/6 %3 (-) )'3) +$ ,-%/- ()( ?'3)* S()'+r'- /' ?) '&()r)* ? '
,'()* 'r(%)3 ?
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@)33'). T-%3 @)(-+* +$ )/+*% %3 &)33 %3%?&) (-' &%)93-%$( )/+*% ?( r)%r)3
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? /-'% /)r('% ()( '((r%?()3 3/- '3 )r(%/'&-+r%C+('& &)(- +$ &)(()r3 3/- '3
? * T )(/. T-%3 %3 ? $'r (-) -'r*)3( ()( )/+*% @)(-+* (+ %()r/)( '3 )'/- () +$
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@)33').
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H%*% %$+r@'(%+ %3%*) %@')3 %3 ' +&'r ()/-%) +,'*'3. A %@') ,%(- '
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),3r+3. T-) 3) +$ 3()'+r'- % ),3r+3 -'3 ?)) r)3)'r/-)* ? G)r@'
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()/-%)3 3)* $+r *%%('& %@')3. B 3% (-) LSB +$ )'/- ?() #8 ?%(3 % ' %@')
$+r ' 3)/r)( @)33') + /' 3(+r) : ?%(3 +$ *'(' % )'/- %)& $+r 249?%( %@')3 '* 1
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33()@ #HVS ?)% '?&) (+ ()&& (-) *%$$)r)/). T-) +& r+?&)@ ,%(- (-%3 ()/-%)
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%3 (-'( %( %3 )r &)r'?&) (+ '(('/63 3/- '3 %@') /-')3 '* $+r@'((% #%.).
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(+ -%*% ' @)33'). T-%3 ()/-%) '/('&& )()*3 ' %@') *'(' ? @'36% (-)
3)/r)( *'(' +)r (-) +r%%'& *'(' '3 ++3)* (+ -%*% %$+r@'(%+ %3%*) +$ (-) *'('.
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/+@r)33%+ /r+% '* *%$$)r)( 6%*3 +$ %@') r+/)33%. T-) %$+r@'(%+ %3
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JPEG %3 ?)% 3)*.
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%3)r( DT %(+ 3()'+r'-%/ %@')
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?) *)()/()* ? -@' /-)/63. A&3+ ' @)33') /' ?) )/+*)* 3% @3%/'& (+)3
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r)r)3)(3 ' 1. A +r@'& @3%/'& %)/) /' +, ?) /+@+3)* 'r+* (-) 3)/r)(
@)33') +r ' )%3(% %)/) /' ?) 3)&)/()* (+)(-)r ,%(- ' )/+*% 3/-)@) (-'(
,%&& r)r)3)( ' @)33'). V%*)+ $%&)3 'r) ))r'&& ' /+&&)/(%+ +$ %@')3 '* 3+*3
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(-) /+(%+3 $&+, +$ %$+r@'(%+.
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LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT INSERTION
TECHNIQUE
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LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT INSERTION
O) +$ (-) @+3( /+@@+ ()/-%)3 3)* % 3()'+r'- (+*' %3 /'&&)*
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$+&&+,% )'@&) 3-+,3 -+, (-) &)(()r A /' ?) -%**) % (-) $%r3( )%-( ?()3 +$
(-r)) %)&3 % ' 249?%( %@').
P%)&3 #00100111 11101001 11001000
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APPLICATIONS OF STEGANOGRAPHY
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APPLICATIONS OF STEGANOGRAPHY
S()'+r'- %3 '&%/'?&) (+ ?( +( &%@%()* (+ (-) $+&&+,% 'r)'3.
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2 Pr+()/(%+ +$ *'(' '&()r'(%+
: A//)33 /+(r+& 33()@ $+r *%%('& /+()( *%3(r%?(%+
4 M)*%' D'('?'3) 33()@3
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; All*! ', :- i)tlli*) ,+i,
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13 C")fi!)tial ";;')iati") a)! ,t !ata ,t"i)*
T-) 3)/r)/ +$ (-) )@?)**)* *'(' %3 )33)(%'& % (-%3 'r)'.
H%3(+r%/'&& 3()'+r'- -') ?)) 'r+'/-)* % (-%3 'r)'. S()'+r'-
r+%*)3 3 ,%(-
#A P+()(%'& /''?%&%( (+ -%*) (-) )%3()/) +$ /+$%*)(%'& *'('
#B H'r*)33 +$ *)()/(% (-) -%**) #%.). )@?)**)* *'('
# S(r)(-)% +$ (-) 3)/r)/ +$ (-) )/r()* *'('
I r'/(%/) ,-) + 3) 3+@) 3()'+r'- + @3( $%r3( 3)&)/( '
)33)& *'(' '//+r*% (+ (-) 3%C) +$ (-) )@?)**% *'('. T-) )33)& 3-+&* ?)
%+/+3. T-) + )@?)* (-) /+$%*)(%'& *'(' ? 3% ' )@?)**% r+r'@
#,-%/- %3 +) /+@+)( +$ (-) 3()'+r'- 3+$(,'r) (+)(-)r ,%(- 3+@) 6).
-) )(r'/(% + #+r +r 'r( 3) ' )(r'/(% r+r'@ #'+(-)r /+@+)(
(+ r)/+)r (-) )@?)**)* *'(' ? (-) 3'@) 6) # /+@@+ 6) % ()r@3 +$
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/r(+r'-. I (-%3 /'3) + ))* ' 6) )+(%'(%+ ?)$+r) + 3('r(
/+@@%/'(%+.
23 P"tti") "f !ata altati")
) ('6) '*'(') +$ (-) $r'%&%( +$ (-) )@?)**)* *'(' % (-%3 '&%/'(%+ 'r)'.
T-) )@?)**)* *'(' /' r'(-)r ?) $r'%&) (-' ?) )r r+?3(. A/('&& )@?)**)* *'('
'r) $r'%&) % @+3( 3()'+r'- r+r'@3.
H+,))r (-%3 $r'%&%( +)3 ' ), *%r)/(%+ (+,'r* ' %$+r@'(%+9'&()r'(%+ r+()/(%) 33()@ 3/- '3 ' D%%('& )r(%$%/'() D+/@)( S3()@. T-) @+3( +)&
+%( '@+ +(-)r3 %3 (-'( + '(-)(%/'(%+ ?r)' %3 ))*)*. I$ %( %3 %@&)@)()*
)+&) /' 3)* (-)%r *%%('& /)r(%$%/'() *'(' (+ ' &'/) % (-) ,+r&* (-r+-
I()r)(. N+ +) /' $+r) '&()r +r ('@)r 3/- /)r(%$%/'() *'('. I$ $+r)* '&()r)* +r
('@)r)* %( %3 )'3%& *)()/()* ? (-) )(r'/(%+ r+r'@.
63 A,, ")t"l ,-,t; f" !i*ital ")t)t !i,ti:'ti")
I (-%3 'r)' )@?)**)* *'(' %3 -%**) ?( %3 )&'%)* (+ ?&%/%C) (-) /+()(.
T+*' *%%('& /+()(3 'r) )((% @+r) '* @+r) /+@@+& *%3(r%?()* ? I()r)(
(-' ))r ?)$+r). F+r )'@&) @3%/ /+@'%)3 r)&)'3) ), '&?@3 + (-)%r
)?') % ' $r)) +r /-'r)* @')r. H+,))r % (-%3 /'3) '&& (-) /+()(3 'r)
)'&& *%3(r%?()* (+ (-) )+&) ,-+ '//)33)* (-) '). S+ ' +r*%'r )?
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) -') *))&+)* ' r+(+() +$ ' A//)33 +(r+& S3()@ $+r *%%('& /+()(
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A %()3%( %@') %3 ' *'(' @'(r% ,-+3) '&)3 -') ?)) 3/'&)* (+ r)r)3)(
%()(%+3. -) (-) )&)@)(3 +$ ' %()3%( %@') 'r) +$ /&'33 %(8 +r /&'33 %(
1; (-) -') %())r '&)3 % (-) r') Q0255 '* Q0 ;55:5 r)3)/(%)&. I$ (-)
%@') %3 +$ /&'33 *+?&) (-) '&)3 'r) $&+'(% Z+%( @?)r3. V'&)3 +$ 3/'&)*
*+?&) %()3%( %@')3 'r) % (-) r') Q0 1 ? /+)(%+.
B%'r I@')3
B%'r %@')3 -') ' )r 3)/%$%/ @)'% % MATLAB.A ?%'r %@') %3 ' &+%/'&
'rr' 03 '*13.T-3 ' 'rr' +$ 03 '* 13 ,-+3) '&)3 'r) +$ *'(' /&'33 3' %(8 %3
+( /+3%*)r)* '3 ' ?%'r %@') % MATLAB .A @)r%/ 'rr' %3 /+)r()* (+ ?%'r
3% $/(%+ &+%/'&. T-3 %$ A %3 ' @)r%/ 'rr' /+3%3(% +$ 03 '* 13 ,) /r)'()
' 'rr' B 3% (-) 3('()@)(.
B&+%/'& #A
I$ A /+('%3 )&)@)(3 +(-)r (-' 03 '* 13.U3) +$ (-) &+%/'& $/(%+ /+)r(3 '&&
+C)r+ '(%(%)3 (+ &+%/'& 13 '* '&& )(r%)3 ,%(- '&) 0 (+ &+%/'& 03.
U3% r)&'(%+'& '* &+%/'& +)r'(+r3 '&3+ /r)'()3 &+%/'& 'rr'3.
T+ ()3( %$ ' 'rr' %3 &+%/'& ,) 3) (-) I &+%/'& $/(%+ %3&+%/'/.
I$ / %3 ' &+%/'& 'rr' (-%3 $/(%+ r)(r3 ' 1.O(-)r,%3) r)(r3 ' 0. L+%/'& 'rr' /'
?) /+)r()* (+ @)r%/ 'rr'3 3% (-) *'(' /&'33 /+)r3%+ $/(%+3.
I*))* I@')3
A %*))* %@') -'3 (,+ /+@+)(3
A *'(' @'(r% %())r .
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E'/- r+, +$ @' 3)/%$%)3 (-) r)* r)) '* ?&) /+@+)(3 +$ ' 3%&) /+&+r. A
%*))* %@')3 3)3 =*%r)/( @'%> +$ %)& %()3%( '&)3 /+&+r @' '&)3. T-)
/+&+r +$ )'/- %)& %3 *)()r@%)* ? 3% (-) /+rr)3+*% '&) (-) %())r @'(r%
'3 ' +%()r % (+ @'. I$ %3 +$ /&'33 *+?&) (-) '&& +$ %(3 /+@+)(3 ,%(- '&)3
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0 +%( (+ (-) $%r3( r+, % @' '&& /+@+)(3 ,%(- '&) 1 +%( (+ (-) 3)/+* '* 3+
+.
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A RGB /+&+r %@') %3 ' MWNW: 'rr' +$ /+&+r %)&3 ,-)r) )'/- /+&+r %)&
%3 (r%&)( /+rr)3+*% (+ (-) r)* r)) '* ?&) /+@+)(3 +$ ' RGB %@') '( '
3)/%$%/ 3'(%'& &+/'(%+. A RGB %@') @' ?) %),)* '3 =3('/6> +$ (-r)) r' 3/'&)
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RGB /+&+r %@') 'r) r)$)rr)* (+ '3 (-) r)* r)) '* ?&) /+@+)(3 %@')3. T-)
*'(' /&'33 +$ (-) /+@+)(3 %@')3 *)()r@%)3 (-)%r r') +$ '&)3. I$ ' RGB
%@') %3 +$ /&'33 *+?&) (-) r') +$ '&)3 %3 Q0 1.
S%@%&'r& (-) r') +$ '&)3 %3 Q0255 +r Q0 ;55:5.F+r RGB %@')3 +$ /&'33
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)'/- /+@+)( %@') %3 ' 8?%( %@') (-) /+rr)3+*% RGB %@') %3 3'%* (+ ?)
24 ?%(3 *)).
G))r'&& (-) @?)r +$ ?%(3 % '&& /+@+)( %@')3 %3 (-) 3'@). I (-%3 /'3)
(-) @?)r +$ +33%?&) /+&+r % ' RGB %@') %3 #2[? [: ,-)r) ? %3 ' @?)r +$ ?%(3
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INTRODUCTION TO MATLAB
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INTRODUCTION TO MATLAB
-'( I3 MATLAB
MATLAB\ %3 ' -%-9)r$+r@'/) &'') $+r ()/-%/'& /+@(%. I( %()r'()3
/+@('(%+ %3'&%C'(%+ '* r+r'@@% % ' )'39(+93) )%r+@)( ,-)r)
r+?&)@3 '* 3+&(%+3 'r) )r)33)* % $'@%&%'r @'(-)@'(%/'& +('(%+.
T%/'& 3)3 %/&*) M'(- '* /+@('(%+
A&+r%(-@ *))&+@)(
D'(' '/%3%(%+
M+*)&% 3%@&'(%+ '* r+(+(%
D'(' ''&3%3 )&+r'(%+ '* %3'&%C'(%+
S/%)(%$%/ '* )%))r% r'-%/3
A&%/'(%+ *))&+@)( %/&*% r'-%/'& 3)r %()r$'/) ?%&*%.
MATLAB %3 ' %()r'/(%) 33()@ ,-+3) ?'3%/ *'(' )&)@)( %3 ' 'rr' (-'( *+)3 +(
r)%r) *%@)3%+%. T-%3 '&&+,3 + (+ 3+&) @' ()/-%/'& /+@(% r+?&)@3
)3)/%'&& (-+3) ,%(- @'(r% '* )/(+r $+r@&'(%+3 % ' $r'/(%+ +$ (-) (%@) %( ,+&*
('6) (+ ,r%() ' r+r'@ % ' 3/'&'r + %()r'/(%) &'') 3/- '3 +r FORTRAN.
T-) '@) MATLAB 3('*3 $+r @'(r% &'?+r'(+r. MATLAB ,'3 +r%%'&&
,r%(() (+ r+%*) )'3 '//)33 (+ @'(r% 3+$(,'r) *))&+)* ? (-) LINPAK '*
EISPAK r+
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'r(%/&'r /&'33)3 +$ r+?&)@3. Ar)'3 % ,-%/- (++&?+)3 'r) ''%&'?&) %/&*) 3%'&
r+/)33% /+(r+& 33()@3 )r'& )(,+r63 $CC &+%/ ,')&)(3 3%@&'(%+ '*
@' +(-)r3.
T-) MATLAB S3()@
T-) MATLAB 33()@ /+3%3(3 +$ $%) @'% 'r(3
D))&+@)( E%r+@)(
T-%3 %3 (-) 3)( +$ (++&3 '* $'/%&%(%)3 (-'( -)& + 3) MATLAB $/(%+3 '*
$%&)3. M' +$ (-)3) (++&3 'r) r'-%/'& 3)r %()r$'/)3. I( %/&*)3 (-) MATLAB
*)36(+ '* +@@'* %*+, ' /+@@'* -%3(+r ' )*%(+r '* *)?)r '*
?r+,3)r3 $+r %),% -)& (-) ,+r63'/) $%&)3 '* (-) 3)'r/- '(-.
T-) MATLAB M'(-)@'(%/'& F/(%+
T-%3 %3 ' '3( /+&&)/(%+ +$ /+@('(%+'& '&+r%(-@3 r'% $r+@ )&)@)('r
$/(%+3 &%6) 3@ 3%) /+3%) '* /+@&) 'r%(-@)(%/ (+ @+r) 3+-%3(%/'()*
$/(%+3 &%6) @'(r% %)r3) @'(r% )%) '&)3 B)33)& $/(%+3 '* $'3( F+r%)r
(r'3$+r@3.
T-) MATLAB L'')
T-%3 %3 ' -%-9&))& @'(r%'rr' &'') ,%(- /+(r+& $&+, 3('()@)(3 $/(%+3
*'(' 3(r/(r)3 %(+(( '* +?
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T-%3 %3 ' &%?r'r (-'( '&&+,3 + (+ ,r%() '* F+r(r' r+r'@3 (-'( %()r'/( ,%(-
MATLAB. I( %/&*)3 $'/%&%(%)3 $+r /'&&% r+(%)3 $r+@ MATLAB #*'@%/ &%6%
/'&&% MATLAB '3 ' /+@('(%+'& )%) '* $+r r)'*% '* ,r%(% MAT9$%&)3.
MATLAB 9OR/ING EN
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3) (-) 3)( '(- *%'&+ ?+. I( %3 ++* r'/(%/) (+ '** ' /+@@+& 3)* *%r)/(+r%)3
(+ (-) 3)'r/- '(- (+ '+%* r))'()*& -'% (-) /-') (-) /rr)( *%r)/(+r.
T-) +@@'* H%3(+r %*+, /+('%3 ' r)/+r* +$ (-) /+@@'*3 ' 3)r -'3
)()r)* % (-) /+@@'* ,%*+, %/&*% ?+(- /rr)( '* r)%+3 MATLAB
3)33%+3. Pr)%+3& )()r)* MATLAB /+@@'*3 /' ?) 3)&)/()* '* r)9))/()*
$r+@ (-) /+@@'* -%3(+r ,%*+, ? r%-( /&%/6% + ' /+@@'* +r 3))/) +$
/+@@'*3. T-%3 '/(%+ &'/-)3 ' @) $r+@ ,-%/- (+ 3)&)/( 'r%+3 +(%+3 %
'**%(%+ (+ ))/(% (-) /+@@'*3. T-%3 %3 3)$& (+ 3)&)/( 'r%+3 +(%+3 %
'**%(%+ (+ ))/(% (-) /+@@'*3. T-%3 %3 ' 3)$& $)'(r) ,-) ))r%@)(% ,%(-
'r%+3 /+@@'*3 % ' ,+r6 3)33%+.
U3% (-) MATLAB E*%(+r (+ /r)'() M9F%&)3
T-) MATLAB )*%(+r %3 ?+(- ' ()( )*%(+r 3)/%'&%C)* $+r /r)'(% M9$%&)3 '* '
r'-%/'& MATLAB *)?)r. T-) )*%(+r /' ')'r % ' ,%*+, ? %(3)&$ +r %( /'
?) ' 3? ,%*+, % (-) *)36(+. M9$%&)3 'r) *)+()* ? (-) )()3%+ .@ '3 %
%)&.@. T-) MATLAB )*%(+r ,%*+, -'3 @)r+3 &&9*+, @)3 $+r ('363
3/- '3 3'% %),% '* *)?% $%&)3. B)/'3) %( )r$+r@3 3+@) 3%@&)
/-)/63 '* '&3+ 3)3 /+&+r (+ *%$$)r)(%'() ?)(,)) 'r%+3 )&)@)(3 +$ /+*) (-%3 ()(
)*%(+r %3 r)/+@@)*)* '3 (-) (++& +$ /-+%/) $+r ,r%(% '* )*%(% M9$/(%+3. T+
+) (-) )*%(+r () )*%( '( (-) r+@( +)3 (-) M9$%&) $%&)'@).@ % ' )*%(+r
,%*+, r)'* $+r )*%(%. A3 +()* )'r&%)r (-) $%&) @3( ?) % (-) /rr)( *%r)/(+r +r
% ' *%r)/(+r % (-) 3)'r/- '(-.
Gtti)* Hl@
T-) r%/%'& ,' (+ )( -)& +&%) %3 (+ 3) (-) MATLAB -)& ?r+,3)r
+))* '3 ' 3)'r'() ,%*+, )%(-)r ? /&%/6% + (-) )3(%+ @'r6 3@?+& # +(-) *)36(+ (++&?'r +r ? (% -)& ?r+,3)r '( (-) r+@( % (-) /+@@'* ,%*+,.
T-) -)& Br+,3)r %3 ' ,)? ?r+,3)r %()r'()* %(+ (-) MATLAB *)36(+ (-'(
*%3&'3 ' H)r()( M'r6 L'') #HTML *+/@)(3. T-) H)& Br+,3)r
/+3%3(3 +$ (,+ ')3 (-) -)& '%'(+r ') 3)* (+ $%* %$+r@'(%+ '* (-)
*%3&' ') 3)* (+ %), (-) %$+r@'(%+. S)&$9)&''(+r ('?3 +(-)r (-' '%'(+r
') 'r) 3)* (+ )r$+r@ ' 3)'r/-.
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RESULT
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RESULTS
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CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
T-%3 r+
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FUTURE SCOPE
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FUTURE SCOPE@
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REFERENCES
REFERENCE
Q1 B.S/-)%)r =T)rr+r%3(3 '* S()'+r'-> 24 S). 2001 ''%&'?&)
-((,,,.C*)(./+@C*3(+r%)3/+@@)(0585281425;00.-(@&.
Q2 ". L%*) A. BC+ '* R. M. Gr' =A A&+r%(-@ $+r V)/(+r '(%C)r D)3%>
IEEE Tr'3'/(%+3 + +@@%/'(%+3 . 8495 J''r 18.
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Q: A*)r3) R.J. P)(%(/+&'3 F.A.P. O (-) &%@%(3 +$ 3()'+r'-. IEEE J+r'& +$
S)&)/()* Ar)'3 % +@@%/'(%+3 S)/%'& I33) + +r%-( '* Pr%'/
Pr+()/(%+ 1; N+.4 #18 474]481.
Q4 J+-3+ N)%& F. '* J'
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