8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
1/23
ADB-FAO-WOCAN Regional High-Level Consultation onGender, Food Security and Nutrition Ensuring the Other Half Equal
24-26 July 2013, Bangkok
en er an ecen wor n rura
development: ILO guidelines and tools fors ra eg c,equitable and evidence-informed national
po c es an n erven ons
Nelien Has els
1
International Labour Office, Bangkok
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or thegovernments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in thispaper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
2/23
Issues for discussion
Challenges
ILO decent work agenda in the rural economy
G-equality & decent work in rural development: Evidence, guiding principles and strategies
Equal rural employment and incomes
Social protection for rural populations Safe work in rural areas
Social dialogue and organizing
u ng equa ty expert se
2
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
3/23
Challenges - 1
Rural economy: Large share of total employment indeveloping and emerging economies but:
Emerging exi e an casua emp oyment re ations intraditional and non-traditional agricultural export(NTAE) jobs in agri-business and industry
Difficulty of self-employed small farmers to earn aliving wage
underemployment in other regions
Negative effects of world food crises, unsustainable
,speculation in agricultural trade on rural poor &disproportionally on rural women and girls due to
3
gen er norms an ro es
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
4/23
Challenges - 2
Significant decent work challenges for rural womenand men but more pronounced for rural women:
In Sout an East Asia s are o agricu ture inwomens employment significantly higher than inmens
Most rural women workers: Unpaid familyworkers or self-employed, exposed to low incomes& casual low roductivit obs in narrow ran e offemale-dominated occupations
Time poverty: Longer working hours for rural
Gender pay gap: Rural womens wages paid onaverage 25% less than men
4
Gen er inequities in access to e ucation, training
and services (financial, business and technicalsupport)
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
5/23
Challenges 3
High incidence of child labour among girls and boysand out migration of male and female youth
Care wor an ami y uties a main y on women:Pregnancy and family responsibilities - considerableemployment discrimination
Lack of social protection increases womens careburdens
economic activity and not included in GDP andemployment statistics
Lack of agency and representation among rural poorwo/men in decision making
5
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
6/23
ILOs decent work agenda
Decent work is work undertaken in conditions offreedom, equity, security and human dignity
Decent wor agen a is an integrate pac age o mu ti-sectoral support services to promote: Ri hts at work
Fair and productive employment and income for
women and men
Social dialogue and right to organize
Gender e ualit and non-discrimination are
crosscutting priorities
6
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
7/23
ILO priority: Decent work in rural economy
1 of 8 Areas of Critical Importance from 2013onwards
New programme to ena e wor ing poor in rura areasto improve their productivity and incomes throughboth agricultural and non-agricultural work
ILO support to constituents governments, employersand workers organizations and other partners tocollect evidence and build ca acit in line withinternational labour standards to promote:
More productive small farms, including
Start-ups and expansion of non-agriculturalbusinesses
7
Emp oyment-intensive in rastructure investments
Social protection to small-holders & micro-enter rises
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
8/23
G-equality & decent work in rural development - 1
Fight hunger and food insecurity through job-rich, equitablegrowth: Evidence: Wo/men can work themselves out ofpover y
Equality essential tool for achieving higherproductivity and growth not a luxury that must waitunti t e economy as een eve ope
When women and men receive the same levels ofeducation ex erience and farm in uts there are nosignificant differences in male and female farmersproductivity
employment outcomes unless accompanied by highereducation and better access to assets Avoid
8
Work to live or live to work?
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
9/23
G-equality & decent work in rural development - 2
Guiding principles based on good practices:
Decent work and gender equality integrated ineconomic, emp oyment an socia po icies t rouggender mainstreaming and gender-specific measuresto close gaps:
Action based on gender analysis: Informed evidencefor tailor made support
beneficiaries but agents of economic transformation:
Consultation, participation, ownership and
Enhance womens voice, representation andagency in decision making in the family,
9
community, wor p ace & at a governance eve s
& mechanisms
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
10/23
G-equality & decent work in rural development - 3
Strategies based on good practices:
Multi-sectoral, integrated & equitable economic and
inclusion Sensitize women and men at all intervention levels to
gen er an equa y ssues engen er a ns u ons
Tackle all grounds of discrimination (sex, race,
ethnicity, colour, social origin, religion) at the sametime, as wo men ave to cope wit cumu ativedisadvantage due to multiple forms of discrimination
In e ualit we trust rotection onl if we must:
Adequate protection of reproductive rights andfunctions of women and men
10
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
11/23
Rights for rural workers 1
Ratification and application ofinternational labourstandards in sound national laws and regulations in
ractice:
Fundamental principles and rights at work: Elimination of discrimination in employment and
occupa on, an equa remunera on or wor oequal value C 100 & 111
Prohibition of child and forced labour Freedom of association and the right to organize
Adequate maternity protection and measures for
Standards related to wage protection, human resourcedevelopment, social security, safety and health, labour
11
nspec on, coopera ves, en erpr se eve opmen ,
private employment agencies, indigenous peoples,domestic work
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
12/23
Rights for rural workers 2
Practical measures for promoting sound national laws andregulations in practice:
Deve opment an en orcement o equita e et icastandards, codes of conduct and decent work in agro-industries
Raising awareness and competencies of all rural femaleand male workers on the essential human workers,womens and child ri hts in s ecific rural areas
Capacity development, policy advocacy andpartnerships between and among relevant government
,
Ensure effective compliance and monitoringmechanisms, eg labour inspectorate, legal aid services
12
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
13/23
Reproductive rights for rural workers 3
Maternity protection and reconciliation of work-familyare crucial to achieve gender equality in rural areas. Vitalmeasures:
Adequate maternity protection for all rural women tosafeguard the health and economic security of womenan t eir c i ren
Promote more equal sharing of paid and unpaidwork between women and men: Engage fathers in all parental support programmes
and avoid targeting mothers only
facilities
Support to (unpaid) family care for the disabled,
13
e er y an ot er epen ants
Encourage work-family balance measures inwork laces for wo/men
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
14/23
Equal rural employment and incomes - 1
Gender equitable employment creation:
Stimulate higher value-added rural activities in-
gender concerns into capital investment, humanresource and market development, price control of
Reduce constraints in access to land, finance, market
information and technology ensuring womensequ a e access o an con ro over asse s
Enhance rural infrastructure reducing workloads ofwomen and men in labour intensive household work
Invest in gender equitable quality education & training,financial & technical services
14
external shocks and provide core public goods
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
15/23
Equal rural employment and incomes - 2
Education and skills development in rural areas:
Analysis of any gender inequalities at all stages and levels ofe ucation & training & esign gen er-responsive a our supp ymeasures geared at gainful work: Aim: Basic & advanced relevant ualit education for all
Address harmful occupational segregation by sex,
channeling wo/men into a narrow range of suitable jobs, ,green technology & enterprise development
Gender parity: Ensure all girls/boys complete education
Curricula, free from gender bias Practical measures eg female trainers, gender training for all
15
aid
Life-long learning: Retraining during life-cycle
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
16/23
Equal rural employment and incomes - 3
Enterprise development:
Build enabling environment for womens- ,
regulatory processes, gender mainstreaming in allentrepreneurial business development & targeted-
enterprise decision making
Strengthen networking and advocacy on womenen repreneurs p an suppor women s groupformation and representation
Improve rural womens entrepreneurial skills and
increase gen er-responsive inancia an usinessservices
In trade olicies: Avoid market distortions in favour of
16
male, urban, large-scale entrepreneurs
Integration of women entrepreneurs in growth
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
17/23
Equal rural employment and incomes - 4
Agricultural value chain development (VCD):
Enabling environment for pro-poor and pro-women
Gender analysis & women specific action in private sectorinitiatives eg in CSR (corporate social responsibility), fairra e or consumer ac on
Womens participation in producer and workers
organizations and in decision making processes Reduce gender inequalities in modern agricultural VCDs
Reduce entry barriers for women farmers and
Improve womens returns in traditional value chains &respect food security choices of producers
17
Rein orce agricu tura eve opment measures wit socia
policies and services to protect the poor and reducegender inequalities among them
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
18/23
Equal rural employment and incomes - 5
Gender equality in rural infrastructure works:
Design and implement gender-sensitive public works
decisions on the type of infrastructure works Consult women on the type of work they can do, as the
range o o s can ranscen e ra ona gen er a ourdivisions
Decent work standards for all, eg equal pay for work ofequa va ue
Use targeted gender strategies and expertise, eg consult onreferred a ment in kind food or cash ender trainin
for all, extra training for women, women-only workcrews (if needed), advertize jobs in media accessible towomen
18
Gender-sensitive small rural contractor procurement
Ensure womens voice and representation in community
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
19/23
Social protection for rural populations -
Gender equitable extension of the social protection floor(essential health care and basic income security paid by
ublic funds in rural areas:
Improve gender equality in access to quality basicservices (education, health and child care, maternity
Adequate maternity protection crucial in any food
security and hunger eradication initiative Use a gen er ens in esign an avoi negative
unintended gender effects of practical measures
Pro ressive extension of ender e uitable social securit :
Priority for protection against occupational accidentsand diseases special protection for single adult
19
Eliminate discriminatory measures in social security, egbenefits only to male head of household
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
20/23
Safe work in rural areas
Rural occupational safety and health (OSH):
Include agriculture in national OSH policies and
Strengthen OSH provisions in rural workplaces withexplicit attention to occupational hazards inagr cu ure or g -r s rura o s
Introduce rural workers and families to practical
measures to improve safety, health and workingcon itions see ILO we site on WIND
Prevent and redress violence and (sexual) harassmentin workplaces
20
Con uct gen er-sensitive HIV programmes
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
21/23
Social dialogue and organizing
Inclusion of rural gender concerns and food securityon social dialogue agendas and in social dialogue
mec an sms e ween governmen , emp oyers an
workers organizations Enhance womens voice, representation and agency
in socia ia ogue mec anisms an ecision ma ing
Increase the engagement and outreach to women byem lo ers workers and other membershi -basedorganizations eg cooperatives
Promote womens participation and leadership in-
Ensure freedom of association and the right to freelyjoin organizations of their own choice among rural
21
wor ers
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
22/23
Building equality expertise
Gender equality advocacy, building commitment andexpertise, allocation ofbudget & good governance byrura wo men among po cy ma ers an mp emen ers
Increasing agency and representation of rural womenin social dialogue and bargaining on economic, socialan emp oyment po icies
Create, invest in and utilize centers of genderex ertise in food securit and in rural areas amongovernment, universities and in civil society coveringrural populations
and/or human rights commissions to ruralemployment and rural areas
22
8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc
23/23
Thank you & Resources
WFAOIFADILOGenderandruralemploymentpolicybriefsandreport
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_159106.pdf
Womenandlabour marketsinAsia:Rebalancin for endere ualithttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/asia/ro
bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_154846.pdfEqualityandnondiscriminationinEastandSouthAsia:GuideandExerciseBook
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/asia/robangkok/srobangkok/documents/publication/wcms_178415.pdf
Gendermainstreamingstrategiesindecentworkpromotion:Toolkithttp://www.ilo.org/asia/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_143849/langen/index.htm,
Sexualharassment
at
the
workplace
FAQ
p: www. o.org a ar a n o pu c n _ angen n ex. mWork,incomeandgenderequalityinEastAsia:Actionguide(Chin.Bahasa,Engl)
http://www.ilo.org/asia/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_101719/langen/index.htm
Workimprovementinneighbourhood development WIND. . _ _
73.pdfMaternityprotectionresourcepackage WIND
http://mprp.itcilo.org/pages/en/introduction.html
23
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_159106.pdf
Top Related