ILC AcceleratorSCRF
R&D Plan and Organization
Presented by Akira Yamamoto
for ILC-GDE Project Managers
Marc Ross, Nick Walker, and A. Yamamoto
To be presented at KEK LC Review, July 22, 2009
09-07-22, A. Yamamoto 1ILC-GDE SCRF Plan
2
Outline
Introduction R&D Status Plan for Technical Design Phase Industrialization Accelerator Design and Integration (AD&I) Summary
09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan
SCRF Technology Required
Parameter Value
C.M. Energy 500 GeV
Peak luminosity 2x1034 cm-2s-1
Beam Rep. rate 5 Hz
Pulse time duration 1 ms
Average beam current
9 mA (in pulse)
Av. field gradient
31.5 MV/m
# 9-cell cavity 14,560# cryomodule 1,680# RF units 560
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GDE Project Structure
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Nick WalkerProject Manager
Accelerator Systems
Junji Urakawa(KEK)
Frank Lehner(DESY)
Axel Brachmann (SLAC)Electron Source
Jim Clarke (STFC)Positron Source
Andy Wolski(Cockcroft Institute)
Damping Ring
Nikolay Solyak (FNAL)RTML
Kiyoshi Kubo (KEK)Simulation
Andre Seryi (SLAC)BDS
Akira YamamotoProject Manager
SCRF Tech.
Tetsuo Shidara (KEK)
Jim Kerby(FNAL)
Lutz Lilje (DESY)Cavity Processing
Hitoshi Hayano (KEK)Cavity Production &
Integration
Norihito Ohuchi (KEK) Leader
Harry Carter (FNAL)Co-Leader
Cryomodule
Shigeki Fukuda (KEK)HLRF
Tom Peterson (FNAL)Cryogenics
Chris Adolphsen (SLAC)
Main Linac Integration
Technical Areas and Groups
• Engineering and Scientific Management
• 25 (16 below PM)
– 7 Asia– 7 EU– 11 Americas
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L.Lilje >> R. Geng
Susanna Guiducci(infn)
Global Plan for SCRF R&DA Summary
Calender Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Technical Design Phase TDP-1 TDP-2
Cavity Gradient R&D
to reach 35 MV/m
Process Yield > 50%
Production Yield >90%
Cavity-string test:
with 1 cryomoduleGlobal collab. For <31.5 MV/m>
System Test with beam
1 RF-unit (3-modulce)
FLASH (DESY) STF2 (KEK)
NML (FNAL)
909-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan
R&D/prepare for Industrialization
Cavity- and Cryomodule-String Program (S1G, S2) at KEK, Japan
C. Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Cavity String(S1-Global)
Cavity >> Ins Test
Cryomodule String Test (S2) *High Pressure Code Regulation/Stamp to be applied
Quant. Beam*(Compact L.S.)
Cavity >> Inst. Test
Cryomodule 1* Cavity >> >> Ins & T
Cryomodule 2,3*
Cavity >> >> Ins Ins & T
Technical Design Phase Development to be continued
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R&D/Prepare for Industrialization
11
TDP Goals of ILC-SCRF R&D
Cavity Field Gradient 35 MV/m with individual cavity in vertical test (S0)
Cavity-string Assembly in Cryomodule 31.5 MV/m in average (S1, S1-Global) “Plug-compatible” cavity assembly with:
Encouraging improvement and ‘creative work’ in R&D Motivating global share of advanced technology
Accelerator System Beam Acceleration with SCRF Accelerator Unit (S2)
Industrial Production R&D Preparation for cavity production, quality control, and
cost saving
09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan
Status of 9-Cell Cavity
Europe (DESY, Saclay) Gradient: > ~ 40 MV/m (max) , Industrial (bulk) EP demonstrated Field emission reduced with ethanol rinsing Surface process with baking in Ar-gas
Americas (Jlab, Cornell, FNAL/ANL) Gradient: > ~ 40 MV/m (max), Field emission reduced by Ultrasonic Degreasing with Detergent
Asia (KEK, IHEP, RRCAT) Gradient: 36MV/m (LL, KEK-JLab), 32 MV/m (TESLA-like, KEK)
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Standard Procedure Established
Standard Fabrication/Process
Fabrication Nb-sheet purchasing
Component Fabrication
Cavity assembly with EBW
Process EP-1 (~150um)
Ultrasonic degreasing with detergent, or ethanol rinse
High-pressure pure-water rinsing
Hydrogen degassing at > 600 C
Field flatness tuning
EP-2 (~20um)
Ultrasonic degreasing or ethanol (or EP 5 um with fresh acid)
High-pressure pure-water rinsing
Antenna Assembly
Baking at 120 C
Cold Test (vertical test)
Performance Test with temperature and mode measurement
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Key ProcessFabrication• Material • EBW• Shape
Process• Electro-Polishing
• Ethanol Rinsing or • Ultra sonic. + Detergent
Rins.
• High Pr. Pure Water cleaning
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One Vendor Yield(A6, A7, A8, A11, A12, A15, AC115, AC117, AC122, 125, 126)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
>15 >20 >25 >30 >35 >40
Gradient (MV/m)
Fra
cti
on
Global Yield of Cavities Recently Tested at Jlab and DESY
23 tests, 11 cavitiesOne Vendor
All Vendor Yield(A6, A7, A8, A11, A12, A15, AES 1- 4, Ichiro5, J2,AC115, AC117, AC122,
125, 126, Z139, 143)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
>15 >20 >25 >30 >35 >40
Gradient (MV/m)
Fra
cti
on
48 Tests, 19 cavities ACCEL, AES, Zanon, Ichiro, Jlab
50%
Yield 45 % at 35 MV/m being achieved by cavities with a qualified vendor !!
14A Summary from TTC-08 (IUAC), ILC-08 (Chicago) by H. Padamsee
Progress Towards High-Gradient Yield
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Recent DESY/JLab “production” series.
Total 39 cavities (08/09)
Mostly result of first cold-test (few cases second-test)
Field Emission greatly reduced (rinses) identified RDR barrier
Baseline gradient re-evaluation (TDP1) expected to be based on sample of >60 cavities
Current status:50% yield at ~ 33 MV/m;(80% >25MV/m)
Current status:50% yield at ~ 33 MV/m;(80% >25MV/m)
What we need to make clear?Reported by
Date of Rep.
# of cavities ordered
# of cavities accepted & meas.
# of cavities w/ EP processed
# of meas. after EP
Yield at 35 MV/m
Note/Understanding
TTC H. Padamsee
08/10 ?19 19
(48)~50%~25 % Process Y.
DESY: D. Reschke W. Singer, L. Lilje,
09/03 ?25 25
25 +?~40 %
AcceptedProduct. Y.
Jlab R. Geng
09/02 1414 14
14+?
~50 % Product. Y.
DESY H. Weise
09/05 44+?44 44x~0.6
44x0.6+ ?15 %
Accepted Produc. Y.
09-07-22, A. YamamotoILC-GDE SCRF Plan 16We need more clear definition and rule to plot the yield
Creation of a Global Database for Better Understanding of “Production Yield” in TDP-2
• Global Data Base Team formed:– Camille Ginsburg (Fermilab) – Team Leader & Data Coordination– Zack Conway (Cornell University)– Sebastian Aderhold (DESY)– Yasuchika Yamamoto (KEK)– Rongli Geng (JLab) – GDE-SCRF Cavity TA Group Leader
• Activity Plan/Schedule– End July 2009:
- Determine whether DESY-DB is viable option, – Sept. 28 - Oct. 2, 2009: (ALCPG/GDE)
- Dataset web-based - Support by FNAL-TD or DESY
- Some well-checked, easily explainable, and near-final plots, available,– End Nov. 2009:
- Finalize DB tool, web I/F, standard plots, with longer-term tool improvement plans
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Outline
Introduction R&D Status Plan for Technical Design Phase Industrialization Accelerator Design and Integration (AD&I) Summary
09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan
Push Quench Limit:• Defects from material• Defect from fabrication (EBW)• Renewed studies
Push Quench & field emission Limit• Classical defect/field emitter• EP specific…
Two Pushes Ahead
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Plug Compatibility• R&D Phase
– Encourage creative work and innovation for performance improvement from a common baseline
– Global transfer of information– Sharing of components to continue progress world wide despite
outside uncertainties– Development of the RDR design for system tests and in
preparation for construction phase
• Production/Construction Phase– Keep competitive condition with free market/multiple-suppliers,
and effort for const-reduction, – Keep flexibility to accept industrial effort, with features and
constraints, to reduce the cost under acceptable flexibilities, – Maintain intellectual regional expertise base
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Cavity: Plug-compatible Interface
Component interfaces are
reduced to the minimum
necessary to allow for system
assembly
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Plug-compatibility• Plug Compatibility could be applied from a level of the whole
cryomodule, to the smallest component.
• During R&D, it is appropriate to set boundaries such that technical components can be most efficiently addressed.
S1-Global Collaboration
ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 23
KEK, Japan
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FNAL
x2
DESYx2 x4
INFN Milan
Complementary activity to regional cryomodule development
SRF Test Facilities
ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 24
KEK, Japan
DESY
FNAL
TTF/FLASH~1 GeVILC-like beamILC RF unit(* lower gradient)
NML facilityUnder constructionfirst beam 2010ILC RF unit test
STF (phase I & II)Under constructionfirst beam 2011ILC RF unit test
09-07-22, A. Yamamoto
A string test in each region
• Complementary testing:– Each region must develop industry and must develop
‘ownership’ of this critical technology
• No one system will exactly represent the baseline reference design RF unit design (before 2012)– FNAL: beam format [under review]– KEK: number of cryomodules [1 (of 3) by end 2012]– DESY: gradient [~27MV/m average over 3 cryomodules]
• Strategy must account for infrastructure limitations and construction schedules at each of the three main linac test facilities under development.
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TTF/FLASH Accelerator Layout
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Comparison of machine parameters
Waveguide distribution for klystron #4 (status 06.08.07)
Kly #4 3dB hybrid
ACC4 23 MV/m ACC5 24 MV/m ACC6 27 MV/m
TUNNEL
AST 2.4 dB2.2 MW1.6 MW1.5 MW
3.8 MW
1.6 MW 4.2 MW
3.7 MW
3.7 MW
Phaseshifter
42.8 m10%
27.6 m6%
2.4 dB
3.8 dB
2.9 MW
2.9 MW
DC
ACC456 is main focus of 9mA RF studies
XFEL ILC FLASHdesign
9mA studies
Bunch charge
nC 1 3.2 1 3
# bunches 3250 2625 7200* 2400
Pulse length s 650 970 800 800
Current mA
5 9 9 9
27
Beam Acceleration Test Plan
with RF unit at Fermilab and KEKin TDP-2
09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan
High Pressure Code Management
Element ProductionKHK特定設備申請
Company ECryogenics
KEK site ConstructionIbaraki L. Gov.工事/変更申請
On-siteCavity and CryomoduleAssembly
On-site cosntruction
Beam-line installation And Inpsection
完成検査KEK: 茨城県に完成検査申請
ExistingFacility
29
Outline
Introduction R&D Status Plan for Technical Design Phase Industrialization Accelerator Design and Integration (AD&I) Summary
09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan
Toward Industrialization• Global status of Industries
– Research Instruments and Zanon in Europe
– AES, Niowave, PAVAC in Americas
– MHI in Asia
• Industrial Capacity: status and scope– No company currently has required ILC capacity– Understand what is needed (and cost) by 2012
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Project Scope
Euro XFEL ~800 2 years ~1 cavity / day
Project X ~400 3 years ~2 cavities/ week
ILC ~15,500 4 years ~20 cavities / day
( 3 regions ~7 cavities / day)
Visit to Cavity Manufacturers: 2009
ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 31
Asia MHI
Europe: RI << ACCEL
ZANON
Amecas: AES NIOWAVE PAVAC
09-07-22, A. Yamamoto
Notes: AES: Advanced Energy Systems RI: Research Instruments (previously, ACCEL) MHI: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Visit to Cavity Manufacturers: 2009
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Company # employees Features Date
AES ~26 Experience with RICH magnet production in the previous company, Dedicated for SC/NC RF technology
Feb. 24
NIOWAVE ~40 A New company dedicated for Niobium and microwave technology
Feb. 25
ACCEL/RI ~100 Most experienced company with SCRF, and adaptable for production scale of European XFEL
Mar. 4
ZANON ~200 Much experienced with plumbing work and SCRF cavities, and with HERA cryostat, Adaptable for scale of European XFEL
Mar. 6
MHI >>1,000 A leading company in heavy-industries in Japan, and experienced with SC/NC RF cavities and accelerator technologies
Mar. 10
PAVAC ~30 A unique features with EBW machine itself and SCRF cavity manufacturing
May 7
Industrialization and cost reduction
• Re-visit previous effort, and update the cost-estimate for production– Review the RDR cost estimate (based on TESLA)– Include recent R&D experience (industry/lab)
• Encourage R&D Facilities for industrialization – Develop cost-effective manufacturing, quality
control and cost-reduction in cooperation with industry
• Reflect the R&D progress for cost-reduction– Baseline Forming, EBW, assembly work…
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A Plan for R&D facilities and Preparation for Industrialization
• Bench-mark R&D facility (pilot plant) to study cost-effective manufacturing,
– Forming and preparation machining, – Pre-surface treatment and preparation, – EBW process with efficient automation, – In-line Inspection during fabrication process for quick-feedback,
• R&D facilities to be sited at Laboratories– Effort to seek for the most cost-efficient manufacturing with keeping
information to be open, – Development to seek for a bench-mark, manufacturing facilities (design
and/or itself can be applicable for the real production. – It is important for industries to participate to the program since Day-1.
for planning.
• We may discuss a possibility – An industrial meeting to be held as a satellite meeting at the 1st IPAC,
Kyoto, May, 2010.•
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Standard Procedure Established
Standard Fabrication/Process
Fabrication Nb-sheet purchasing
Component Fabrication
Cavity assembly with EBW
Process EP-1 (~150um)
Ultrasonic degreasing with detergent, or ethanol rinse
High-pressure pure-water rinsing
Hydrogen degassing at > 600 C
Field flatness tuning
EP-2 (~20um)
Ultrasonic degreasing or ethanol (or EP 5 um with fresh acid)
High-pressure pure-water rinsing
Antenna Assembly
Baking at 120 C
Cold Test (vertical test)
Performance Test with temperature and mode measurement
3509-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan
Key ProcessFabrication• Material • EBW• Shape
Process• Electro-Polishing
• Ethanol Rinsing or • Ultra sonic. + Detergent
Rins.
• High Pr. Pure Water cleaning
Field Gradient and Industrial R&D
Research and Development for Cavity Field Gradient
Mass production technology, quality control, andcost saving
Time
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37
Outline
Introduction R&D Status Plan for Technical Design Phase Industrialization Accelerator Design and Integration (AD&I) Summary
09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan
Technical Design Phase and Beyond
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Accelerator designand integration studies
2009 2010
RDR ACD concepts
R&D Demonstrations
TDP Baseline Technical Design
2011 2012 2013
RDR Baseline
Ne
w b
ase
line
inp
uts
TDR
TDP-1 TDP-2 ChangeRequest
SB-2009 Design Proposal No. Subject Contents Note
1 ML/SCRF: Cavity Gradient to be re-evaluated 31.5 MV/m
2 CFS: Tunnel conf. Single tunnel either with Clusterde or Distributed RFS
3 AS: e+ source Undulator-based, and located at the end of ML (250 GeV),
Captured by ¼ wave transformer
4 AS: Low-Power Reduced power parameters N-b = 1312, T-rf = 2 ms
5 AS: Dumping Ring circumference L.= 3.2 km at 5- GeV
L-b = 6 mm
6 AS: Bunch Compressor
Single stage CF = 20
7 AS: Integ. e+/e- source Into common central region, together with BDS
8 Availability and Safety
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Novel RF Distribution Concepts
Klystron Cluster(SLAC)
DRFS(KEK)
Single Tunnel
Solutions
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Summary Technical Design Phase in progress:
Phase-1: Technical reality to be examined, 35 MV/m with yield 50 % in surface process
~ 33 MV/m with yield 50 % is being achieved 31.5 MV/m with the cavity-string in a cryomodule
Phase-2: Technical credibility to be demonstrated35 MV/m with the yield 90 % for 9-cell in manufacturing Beam acceleration with the field gradient 31.5 MV/m.
We aim for Global R&D efforts toward “High Gradient” keeping
“plug-compatibility” concept. Cooperation of world-wide Institutions and Industries
crucially important to prepare for industrialization.
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Backup for Discussions
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Summary of R&D Efforts/Subjects
• Establish technology for defect-free production, with “quick” feedback using inspection camera results– Upgrade “inspection camera”, and – Develop other inspection tools,
• Identify, more accurately, origin of field emission after surface treatment– Research and improve “surface-analysis”: XPS, SEM ,,,
• Establish and Demonstrate countermeasures:– The final treatment to remove FE source such as sponge wipe,
degreaser rinse, ethanol rise, – Repair method such as grinding tool for curing damaged
cavities
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Project Plan in 2008-2010 Field gradient (S0)
To be re-optimized, based on the R&D progress (2010),
Plug-compatibility Common interface conditions being fixed , Overview document published
System engineering/test plan, (S1, S2) Work sharing in cavity string in global effort (S1-Global) Accelerator system test with beam
Necessary detailed study and re-coordination under limited resources, including schedule
Effort for “Accelerator Design and Integration” optimization, Cluster or Distributed RF power sources and distribution,
Prepare for AAP Interium Review in April, 2009 Global Communication and cooperation with Laboratories & Industries
Visit Labs: DESY, INFN, CERN, CEA/Saclay, LAL/Orsay, CIEMAT, FNAL, SLAC, Cornell, Jlab, LANL, TRIUMF, KEK, IHEP, PKU, TU, PAL, KNU, IUAC, RRCAT, BARC, TTIF, VECC,
Visit Industries: ACCEL, ZANON, AES, Niowave, MHI, PAVAC
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RDR Guidance for Baseline Definition
Alternate: A technology or concept which may provide a significant cost reduction, increase in performance (or both), but which will not be mature enough to be considered baseline by mid-end 2012
Baseline: a forward looking configuration which we are reasonably confident can achieve the required performance and can be used to give a reasonably accurate cost estimate by mid-end 2012 (→ TDR)
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How we may prepare for Industrialization and cost reduction?
• Re-visit previous effort, and update the cost-estimate for production– Understand the cost estimate in RDR
• mainly based on TESLA design work at ~ 10 years ago and the subsequent experience,
– Reflect recent R&D experience with laboratories and industries,
• Encourage R&D Facilities for industrialization – To Learn cost-effective manufacturing, quality control and cost-
reduction in cooperation with industries, • It is important to facilitate them at major SCRF laboratories and
extend the experiences at various laboratories (DESY, Jlab, Cornell and others),
• Reflect the R&D progress for cost-reduction• Main effort for Baseline >> Forming, EBW, assembly work … • Alternate effort with limited scale>> large-grain, seamless, or …
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SB-2009 Proposal (PMs)
1. A Main Linac length consistent with an optimal choice of average accelerating gradient
– RDR: 31.5 MV/m, to be re-evaluated
2. Single-tunnel solution for the Main Linacs and RTML, with two possible variants for the HLRF
– Klystron cluster scheme– DRFS scheme
3. Undulator-based e+ source located at the end of the electron Main Linac (250 GeV)
– Capture device: Quarter-wave transformer
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SB-2009 Proposal (PMs)
4. Reduced parameter set (with respect to the RDR)– nb = 1312 and a 2ms RF pulse (so-called “Low Power”)
5. Approx. 3.2 km circumference damping rings at5 GeV
– 6 mm bunch length
6. Single-stage bunch compressor– compression factor of 20
7. Integration of the e+ and e- sources into a common “central region beam tunnel”, together with the BDS.
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Focusing Points
• 全体、スケジュール、システム化、 R&D の優先順位、
• 空洞 (BL, LL), 問題点、対策のリストアップ、高勾配化への戦略、高圧ガス対策、
• 表面研究、実機との相関、実機へのフィードバック
• EP, EBW, 体制、中長期的展望• 国際的な比較(コスト)
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