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ICT ECONOMICS
TOPICS
1. ICT COST MANAGEMENT
2. ICT PROCESS MANAGEMENT
3. ICT RISK MANAGEMENT
4. BUSINESS VALUE OF ICT
5. ICT GOVERNANCE• IT DASHBOARD• ICT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
6. ICT OUTSOURCING
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ICT ECONOMICS
DIFFERENT VIEWS ON COSTS
1. FIXED COSTS VS VARIABLE COSTS
2. DIRECT COSTS VS INDIRECT COSTS
3. COST CATEGORIES
• LABOUR COSTS• HOUSING COSTS• SECURITY COSTS• OUTSOURCING COSTS
4. COSTS RELATED TO PROCESSES / ACTIVITIES
• NEW DEVELOPMENT COSTS AND ENHANCEMENTS• MAINTENANCE• OPERATIONS
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ICT ECONOMICS
KOSTPRIJS BEREKENING
• KOSTENDRAGERS
• KOSTENPLAATSEN
• KOSTENVERSLEUTELING
• BEGRIP NORMALE BEDRIJFSDRUKTE
• INTEGRALE KOSTPRIJS (FULL COSTING)
• DIFFERENTIELE KOSTPRIJS (DIRECT COSTING)
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ICT ECONOMICS
TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (TCO)
MAJOR COST CATEGORIES
1. DIRECT COSTS (BUDGETED)
2. INDIRECT COSTS (UNBUDGETED)
EVALUATION COST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
1. POSSIBLE STRATEGIES
2. ASSESSMENT STRATEGY IMPACT
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ICT ECONOMICS
TCO COST CATEGORIES
1. DIRECT COSTS
• HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
• MANAGEMENT
• SUPPORT
• DEVELOPMENT
• COMMUNICATION FEES
2. INDIRECT COSTS
• END USER COST (HIDDEN COSTS, ETC)
• DOWNTIME COSTS
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ICT ECONOMICS
ICT PROCESSES
• NEW DEVELOPMENT & ENHANCEMENTS
• MAINTENANCE
• OPERATIONS
• SUPPORT END USERS (HELP DESK)
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ICT ECONOMICS
ICT PROCESS MANAGEMENT
COBIT
• PROCESS FRAMEWORK
• MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES
CMM : NEW DEVELOPMENT & ENHANCEMENT
• 5 LEVELS OF MATURITY
• PROCESS IMPROVEMENT GUIDELINES
ITIL: OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE
LINK COBIT, CMM AND ITIL
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ICT ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT & ENHANCEMENT
1. CAPABILITY MATURITY MODEL (CMM)
• QUALITY MEASUREMENT• PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
2. PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT
• FPA
3. BENCHMARKING
• INTERNAL• EXTERNAL
4. OUTSOURCING
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ICT ECONOMICS
ONDERHOUDSACTIVITEITEN
ONDERSCHEID NAAR AARD VAN DE WERKZAAMHEDEN
1. TECHNISCH
2. FUNCTIONEEL
FUNCTIONELE ONDERVERDELING
1. CORRECTIEF ONDERHOUD
2. PERFECTIEF ONDERHOUD (INCL. PREVENTIEF ONDERHOUD)
3. ADAPTIEF ONDERHOUD
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ICT ECONOMICS
POTENTIAL COST DRIVERS MAINTENANCE
1. QUALITY SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION
2. SYSTEM SIZE & COMPLEXITY
3. NUMBER OF INTERFACES
4. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
5. PROCESSING ENVIRONMENT (PLATFORM)
6. SYSTEM AGE
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ICT ECONOMICS
ICT RISK MANAGEMENT
OPERATIONAL RISK
• TECHNOLOGY RISK• SECURITY RISK• FINANCIAL RISK
DEVELOPMENT RISK = PROJECT DELIVERY RISK
• TIME COMPRESSION RISK• TECHNOLOGY RISK• FINANCIAL RISK
IMPEMENTATION RISK
• ORGANIZATIONAL RISK
RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACHES
• MATHEMATICAL: ASSESSMENT IMPACT RISK DIVERS• NON-MATHEMATICAL: QUESTIONNAIRE
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ICT ECONOMICS
RELATION IT INVESTMENTS AND BUSINESS VALUE
MACRO ECONOMIC THEORY: MARGINAL COSTS = MARGINAL RETURNS
CONCLUSION STRASSMAN: RELATIONSHIP CANNOT BE DEMONSTRATED
PRACTICE: KEY METRICS APPROACH (IT DASHBOARD)
EXAMPLES:• MEASURING BUSINESS ALIGNMENT ICT• RELATIONSHIP ICT INTENSITY AND SHAREHOLDER VALUE
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ICT ECONOMICS
JUDGEMENT Of ICT INVESTMENT PROPOSALS
1. BUSINESS CASE ANALYSES
• NET PRESENT VALUE = NETTO CONTANTE WAARDE
• ROI = RETURN ON INVESTMENT
• PAYBACK PERIOD
• RISK ANALYSIS
1. PORTFOLIO ANALYSES
• RISK DIVERSIFICATION
• AVOIDING OPERATIONAL COST TSUNAMIS IN THE FUTURE
• BALANCING COSTS AND RETURNS OVER TIME
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ICT ECONOMICS
JUSTIFICATION INVESTMENT IN ICT-INFRASTUCTURE
CALCULATION ROI / PAYBACK PERIOD, ETCNOT FEASIBLE
ALTERNATIVE: OPTION VALUE APPROACH
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ICT ECONOMICS
ICT GOVERNANCE
EVOLUTION OF ICT-PERCEPTION
• ICT: SACRED COW
• ICT: PRODUCTION FACTOR
• ICT: BUSINESS ENABLER
CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER (CIO)
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ICT ECONOMICS
ICT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
• DEFINITIE ICT PORTFOLIO
• BEHEER KAPITAALGOEDEREN-VOORRAAD (ICT-ASSETS)
• BEHEER ICT-INVESTERINGSPROJECTEN
• MODERN PORTFOLIO THEORY (MTP) VAN MARKOVITZ
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ICT ECONOMICS
GEBRUIK ARCHITECTUUR MODELLEN
1. BRON VAN INSPIRATIE
2. COMMUNICATIEMODEL
3. KADERSTELLEND
• AUTONOMIE ONDER RANDVOORWAARDEN• UNIFORME WERKWIJZE BIJ SYSTEEMONTWIKKELING• STANDAARDISATIE INTERFACES• STANDAARDISATIE TECHNISCHE INFRASTRUCTUUR• UNIFORME DEFINITIE BEDRIJFSGEGEVENS / DATA DICTIONARY• ETC
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FINANCIALS
IT OPERATIONS
CUSTOMERS
IT DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN RESOURCES
• Change of IT Costs
• Difference between actual ICT
spend and ICT budget
• IT Intensity versus Shareholder
Value
• Mean time to fill vacancy
• Training days per IT Staff
employee
• IT Staff (external) turnover rate
• percentage sickness absenteeism
• Percentage of SLA’s satisfied
• Percentage of questions successfully
handled by the helpdesk
• Number of incidents causing
serious damage to the business
• Observed system availability as %
of required availability
• Number of un-resolved audit findings
• Quality level of O & M processes
• CMM level development department
• Development costs as % of Total IT Costs
• Backlog as % of total number of
change requests
ICT ECONOMICS
EXAMPLE IT DASHBOARD
SYNERGY
• Percentage of Development Budget
shared with other Business Units
• Percentage of O&M Budget sharedwith other usinessUnits
• Per cent increase of standardization
on ITinfrastructure
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ICT ECONOMICS
BENCHMARKING
WHY BENCHMARKING?
INTERNAL BENCHMARKING
EXTERNAL BENCHMARKING
SERVICE PROVIDERS• GARTNER GROUP• META GROUP• DATAMONITOR• J.P.MORGAN• FORRESTER RESEARCH• ETC
PITFALLS
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ICT ECONOMICS
ICT OUTSOURCING
• REASONS FOR OUTSOURCING
• COST / BENEFIT ANALYSIS
• CONCLUDING THE SLA
• MANAGING THE SLA
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PAPERS ICT ECONOMICS
IT GOVERNANCE AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT (3 PRESENTATIONS) 1. J. Spangenberg, R. Peters en E. van Heijningen, Investeren in informatietechnologie
rendement op onzekerheid?, De Accountant 106e jaargang (1999 /4)
2. Alexander Rinnooy Kan , U kunt niet beheren wat u niet kunt meten: IT-dashboardanalyse,kennis en tools tonen stand van zaken, Informatie Jaargang 46 (maart 2004)
3. Bert Kersten and Chris Verhoef, IT Portfolio Management: A Banker’s Perspective on IT,Cutter IT Journal (2003)
4. Chris Verhoef, Quantitative IT Portfolio Management: page 3 – 26, Science of ComputerProgramming, Volume 45 number 1 (October 2002)
5. Chris Verhoef, Quantitative IT Portfolio Management: page 27- 44, Science of ComputerProgramming, Volume 45 number 1 (October 2002)
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PAPERS ICT ECONOMICS
IT COST AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT (2 PRESENTATIONS) Algemene inleidingCost Management: Het effect en belang van invoering, Ferry Johann, Robert Mooijman enPeter Scheffel, IT beheer 1 (februari 2004) Artikelen voor presentatie en discussie 1. M. Looijen en G. van der Vorst, Verborgen kosten van ICT: de rest van de ijsberg,
Informatie jaargang 40 (oktober 1998)
2. Maria van der Schaaf en Hugo Meijers, Zin en onzin van TCO: Positionering van eenonduidellijk begrip, Informatie jaargang 43 (januari / februari 2001)
3. Rick Klompé, IT-service als uitgangspunt voor kostenbeheer, Informatie jaargang 45(maart 2003)
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PAPERS ICT ECONOMICS
IT OUTSOURCING (3 PRESENTATIONS)
1. Robert Mooijman, De afhankelijkheid van ICT neemt toe, maar moet het ook uw zorgzijn?, Zorgspecial 31 nr. 6 (2004)
2. Roger Heusschen en Chris Bell, Outsourcing als evolutionair proces beschouwd, IT beheer2, (februari / maart 2004)
3. Chris Verhoef , Quantitative Aspects of Outsourcing Deals: Cost, Duration and Financing,page 1 – 17, unpublished paper (2003)
4. Chris Verhoef, Quantitative Aspects of Outsourcing Deals: Risks, page 17 – 35,unpublished paper (2003)
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ICT ECONOMICS
DELTA AANPAK
Waar gaathet over
Wat wordt daarover beweerd
Wat is de redenatie achter de bewering?
Welke argumenten en/of feiten worden aangevoerdter staving van de redenatie
RAPPORTAGE STRAMIEN
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