Unit 1 Intro to Chemistry and Measurement
Unit 2Matter and ChangeICPMr. PatelSWHS
Topic OutlineContinue to Learn Major Elements and SymbolsClassifying MatterPhysical PropertiesChemical PropertiesStates of MatterPhase ChangesProperties of MatterRemember matter is anything that has mass and occupies volume.
Matter is described using properties that are extensive or intensive properties.
Extensive PropertiesExtensive Property a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. (Changes with amount)Mass measure of the amount of matter an object contains
Volume measure of the space taken up
Other examples: energy, weight, length, areaIntensive PropertiesIntensive Property a property that does NOT depend on the amount of matter
Density D = mass/volume matter per unit volume
Other examples: hardness, melting/freezing point, concentration, viscosity
Classify the statement as Intensive or ExtensiveThe Boiling point of water is 100OC.
The mass if 300 kg.
The length is 30 m.
The density of water is 1.0 g/mL.Intensive
Extensive
Extensive
Intensive
SubstanceAll matter can be divided into substances and mixtures
Substance always has same composition
Every sample of a substance has identical properties because a substance has a fixed, uniform compositionCopper Kettle
Gold SculptureMatterAnything that has mass and volumeSubstanceConstant Composition; All particles identicalEx: Water, HeliumMixtureVariable Composition; 2 or more substancesEx: Sand, SoilPhysicallySeparateSubstancesSubstances can be classified as elements or compounds
Element cannot be broken into simpler substancesOne type of atom onlyAtom smallest particle of an elementEx: Gold, Hydrogen, Oxygen (on periodic table)Solids, liquids, gases
Make some observationSubstancesCompound two or more elements chemically combined in fixed ratiosEx: Water, salt, baking soda
Compounds have different properties than parts
Compounds can be chemically separated to elements
Make some observation
MatterAnything that has mass and volumeSubstanceConstant Composition; All particles identicalEx: Water, HeliumMixtureVariable Composition; 2 or more substancesEx: Sand, SoilElementMade up of identical atoms; on Periodic TableEx: Zinc, UraniumCompoundMade up of 2 or more elements; combined chemicallyEx: Carbon dioxidePhysicallySeparateSeparateChemicallyMixturesMixture a physical blend of two or more components (substances)
Heterogeneous Mixture the composition is not uniform throughoutEx: soil, chicken noodle soupSuspensions (Shake Well) or Colloids (Do not settle)
Homogeneous Mixture (solution) composition is uniform throughoutEx: salt water, alloys (solid in solid)
Steel = Iron + Carbon
MatterAnything that has mass and volumeSubstanceConstant Composition; All particles identicalEx: Water, HeliumMixtureVariable Composition; 2 or more substancesEx: Sand, SoilElementMade up of identical atoms; on Periodic TableEx: Zinc, UraniumCompoundMade up of 2 or more elements; combined chemicallyEx: Carbon dioxidePhysicallySeparateSeparateChemicallyHeterogeneousUneven Distribution; easy to separateEx: Vegetable SoupHomogenousUniform Distribution; called solutionEx: Tap water, SteelPhysical Changes and PropertiesPhysical Property measured properties that do not change the nature of the sampleEx: Boiling Point, Density, Mass
Physical Change some properties may change but the composition of the material does not changeEx: Boiling, Freezing, Cutting, SplittingCan be Reversible or Irreversible
Physical PropertiesViscosity resistance to flow (thickness)
Conductivity ability for heat to flow
Malleability hammered into sheets
Hardness
Melting/Boiling Point
DensityPhysical Changes and PropertiesPhysical Changes do not involve chemical reactionsNo Breaking or Forming Chemical BondsSubstance is the same before and after the changeSeparationsMixtures can be separated physically
Filtration solid from liquid
Distillation liquid from liquid or solid
Chemical Changes & PropertiesChemical Property the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reactionEx: Flammability, Combustibility, decomposition
Chemical Change the composition of matter will always changeEx: Burning, exploding, reacting, rusting, rottingAlso called a chemical reaction
Chemical PropertiesFlammability ability to burn with oxygen
Reactivity ability to chemically combine with other substances
Signs of Chemical ChangesClues for a chemical reaction:Transfer of Energy heat, sound, lightColor ChangeGas ProductionFormation of Precipitate solid that settles out of a liquid mixture
Dont confuse for a physical change
Conservation of MassLaw of Conservation of Mass mass is neither created nor destroyed; it is only transformed.
The mass before a reaction must always equal the mass after a reaction
Classify: Physical or Chemical ChangeBurning GasolineEvaporation of WaterStripping a Copper WireMold Growing on YogurtAlka-Setlzer tabletsChemicalPhysical
Physical
Chemical
Chemical
States of MatterThere are four states of matterSolidLiquidGasPlasma
We focus mostly on the first threeSolidsDefinite Shape
Definite Volume
Incompressible
Particles tightly packed - ordered
Vibrations (Not Fluid)
Liquids Indefinite Shape
Definite Volume
Incompressible
Particles in contact but disorderly packed
Particles flow (Fluid)
GasesIndefinite Shape
Indefinite Volume
Highly Compressible
Particles far apart; little contact; collisions
Particles flow (Fluid)
GasesParticles:Have a lot of space between themAre in rapid motionExert Pressure = Billions of collisionsSpontaneously expands
Phase ChangesThere are 6 state/phase changes
Some change require heat (energy)
Endothermic requires heat
Exothermic releases heat1. MeltingSolid to Liquid
Endothermic
Particles have enough energy to begin to flow
Melting Point temp when liquid forms
2. FreezingLiquid to Solid
Exothermic
Particles have lose energy and slow down
Freezing Point temp when Solid forms
Mpt = Fpt
3. BoilingLiquid to Gas
Endothermic
Particles have enough energy to break away
Boiling Point temp when gas forms
4. CondensationGas to Liquid
Exothermic
Particles begin to stick
Same as Bpt
5. SublimationSolid to Gas
Endothermic
NO liquid stage
Ex: Dry Ice
6. DepositionGas to Solid
Exothermic
No Liquid Stage
Ex: Snowing
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