8/10/2019 ICND I 100 101 07 Installing Operating Cisco LAN Switches Pptx
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By Muhammad Asghar Khan
07 - Installing & Operating Cisco LAN
Switches
Reference: Cisco CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Official Cert Guide By WENDELL ODOM
Cisco Press
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Agenda
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Introduction
Cisco Catalyst Switch BrandCisco Linksys Switch Brand
The Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch
Switch Status from LEDs
Accessing the Cisco IOS CLI
CLI Access from the Console
CLI Access with Telnet & SSH
Setting Password Security for CLI
Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
User EXEC Mode
Privileged EXEC Mode
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Agenda
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Global Configuration Mode
Switch Configuration FilesTypes of Switch Memory
RAM/DRAM
ROM
Flash MemoryNVRAM
Types of Configurations
Initial Configuration (Setup Mode)
Startup Configuration
Running Configuration
Copying Configuration Files
Erasing Configuration Files
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Introduction
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Cisco has two major brands of LAN switching products
Cisco Catalyst Switch Brand
Includes a large collection of switches, all of which havebeen designed with Enterprises in mind
The Catalyst switches have a wide range of sizes, functions,
and forwarding rates
Cisco Linksys Switch Brand
Includes a variety of switches designed for use in the home
The CCNA exams focus on how to implement LANsusing Cisco Catalyst switches
Both the Catalyst and Linksys brands of Cisco switchesprovide the same base features
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Introduction
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Within the Cisco Catalyst brand, Cisco produces a wide
variety of switch series or families
Each switch series includes several specific models ofswitches that have:
Similar Features,Similar Price-Versus-Performance trade-offs, and
Similar Internal components
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The Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch
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Cisco positions the 2960 series/family of switches as
full-featured, low cost wiring closet/cabinet switchesfor enterprises
2960 switches are mostly used as access switches
The distribution layer switches are often from adifferent Cisco switch family, typically a more powerfuland more expensive product family
Figure on next slide shows the photo of the 2960switch series from Cisco; each switch is a differentspecific model of switch inside the 2960 series
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The Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch
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Cisco Catalyst 2960 Series
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The Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch
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Three of the five switches have 48 RJ-45 10/100 ports, meaning
that these ports can negotiate the use of 10BASE-T or100BASE-TX Ethernet
These switches also have few additional RJ-45 ports on theright that are 10/100/1000 interfaces on the right, intended to
connect to the core switches of an Enterprise campus LANCisco refers to a switchs physical connectors as either
interfaces or ports. Each interface has a number in the stylex/y, where x and y are two different numbers
In a 2960, the number before the / is always 0. The first10/100 interface on a 2960 is numbered starting at 0/1, thesecond is 0/2, and so on
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The Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch
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The interfaces also have names; for example, interface
FastEthernet 0/1 is the first of the 10/100 interfaces Any Gigabit-capable interfaces would be called
GigabitEthernet interfaces
Cisco supports two major types of switch operating systems:
Internetwork Operating System (IOS)Catalyst Operating System (Cat OS)
Most Cisco Catalyst switch series today run only Cisco IOS
But for some historical reasons, some of the high-end Cisco LANswitches support both Cisco IOS and Cat OS
Cisco also uses the term hybrid to refer to 6500 switches thatuse Cat OS and the term native to refer to 6500 switches thatuse Cisco IOS
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The Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch
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Switch Status from LEDs
Switch hardware includes several LEDs that provide somestatus and troubleshooting information
Figure shows the front of a 2960 series switch, with five
LEDs on the left, one LED over each port, and a modebutton
SYST (System)
RPS (Redundant Power Supply)
STAT (Status)DUPLX (Duplex)
SPEED
Port
MODE
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The Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch
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To make sense of the LEDs, consider the specific example of
SYST LED SYST LED provides a quick overall status of the switch, with three
states on most 2960 switch models:
Off:switch is not powered on
On (green): switch is powered on and operational (Cisco IOS hasbeen loaded)
On (amber): switchs Power-On Self Test (POST) process failed, andthe Cisco IOS did not load. In this case, the typical response is topower the switch off and back on again. If the same failure occurs,a call to the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) is typically the
next stepThe particular details of how each LED works differ between
different Cisco switch families and with different models insidethe same switch family
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The Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch
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The port LEDsthe LEDs sitting above or below each
Ethernet portmeans something different depending onwhich of three port LED modes is currently used on theswitch
The switches have a mode button (labeled with number 6
in Figure) that, when pressed, cycles the port LEDsthrough three modes:
STAT
DUPLX, andSPEED
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The Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch
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Each of the three port LED modes changes the meaning
of the port LEDs associated with each port In STAT (status) Mode
Off: The link is not working
Solid Green: The link is working, but theres no current traffic
Flashing Green: The link is working, and traffic is currentlypassing over the interface
Flashing Amber: The interface is administratively disabled orhas been dynamically disabled for a variety of reasons
In SPEED ModeDark LED; meaning 10 Mbps
Solid Green Light; meaning 100 Mbps
Flashing Green; meaning 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps)
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Accessing the Cisco IOS CLI
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The command-line interface (CLI) is a text-based interface in
which the user, typically a network engineer, enters a textcommand and presses Enter
Pressing Enter sends the command to the switch, whichtells the device to do something
Cisco IOS not also define an interface (CLI) for humans but italso controls the switchs performance and behavior
The switch CLI can be accessed through three popular
methodsthe console, Telnet, and Secure Shell (SSH)
The console is a physical port built specifically to allowaccess to the CLI
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Accessing the Cisco IOS CLI
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Telnet and SSH use the IP network in which the switchresides to reach the switch
Figure on next slide shows the cabling
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Accessing the Cisco IOS CLI
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Next, a terminal emulator software package (e.g. tera
term) must be installed and configured to use the PCsserial port, matching the switchs console port settings
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Accessing the Cisco IOS CLI
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Telnet or SSH application protocol calls the terminal
emulator a Telnet Client or SSH Client and device thatlistens for commands is called Telnet Server or SSHServer
The switch runs Telnet and SSH server software by
default, but needs to have an IP address configuredTelnet & SHH is TCP based where Telnet uses the port 23
and SHH uses the port 22
The key difference b/w Telnet & SHH is that Telnet sends
all data as clear-text data, while the SHH sends data inmore secure manner by using the encryption
By default switch allows only console access, but noTelnet or SHH access
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Accessing the Cisco IOS CLI
www.asghars.blogspot.com
Cisco switches refers to console as console line-specifically,console line 0
Cisco switches also support 16 Telnet sessions, referenced asvirtual terminal (vty) lines 0 through 15
SSH requires a little more effort than console & Telnet, as SSHuses public key cryptography to exchange a shared session key
Additionally, SSH requires both username and password forlogin
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Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
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Cisco IOS provides access to several different command
modesEach command mode provides a different group of
related commands
Entering a question mark(?) at the system promptallows you to obtain a list of commands available foreach command mode
The three basic modes are:
User EXEC ModePrivileged EXEC Mode
Global Configuration Mode
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Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
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Privileged EXEC Mode
Privileged EXEC commands set operating parametersPrivileged EXEC mode is password protected
It is also called simply privileged or enable mode
To enter privileged mode, enter the enableEXEC commandfrom user EXEC mode:
To set enable mode password, use either the enablepasswordor enable secretcommands
It is recommended that you use the enable secretcommandbecause it uses an improved encryption algorithm
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Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
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Use the enable passwordcommand only if you boot an older
image of the Cisco IOS softwareFigure shows the User & Privileged modes
Global Configuration ModeGlobal configuration commands apply to features that affect
the system as a whole, rather than just one protocol orinterface
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Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
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Commands entered in configuration mode update the
active configuration fileConfiguration mode itself contains submodes
Submodes used to configure specific system features
Context-setting commands move you from oneconfiguration mode or context to another
To enter global configuration mode, enterthe configure command from privileged EXEC mode:
The system prompt changes to indicate that you are nowin global configuration mode
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Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
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Some of the sub-modes are:
Access-list Configuration
Line Configuration
Interface Configuration
Access-list ConfigurationUse access-list configuration mode when you are creating a
named IP or IPX access list
From global configuration mode, use the ip access-list
or ipx access-list command
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Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
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Line configuration
Line configuration commands modify the operation of anauxiliary, console, physical, or virtual terminal line
From global configuration mode, enter by specifying a linewith a line {aux|con|tty|vty} line-number [ending-line-number]
command
Interface Configuration
The commands entered in this mode modify the operation ofan interface
From global configuration mode, enter by specifying aninterface with an interfacecommand
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Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
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Figure shows the relationship b/w EXEC modes and
configuration mode
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Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
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The endor Ctrl+z key sequence exit the user from any
part of configuration mode and go back to privilegedEXEC mode
While the exitcommand backs you out of configuration
mode one sub-configuration mode at a time
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Switch Configuration Files
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To work with files, you need some sort of memory
Cisco switches uses several types of permanent memory as:RAM/DRAM
Used by switch as it is used by any other computer
ROM
Stores bootstrap/boot-helper program, that is loaded when theswitch first power on
Bootstrap program finds the image of IOS and load it into theRAM
Flash Memory
Found in the form of chip inside the switch or a removablememory card
Stores the Cisco IOS images and it is the default location wherebootstrap searches for the IOS image
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Switch Configuration Files
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It can also be used to store configuration or backup files
Nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM)Stores the initial or startup configuration file
A configuration file saves the switch configurationcommands in text format
Switch maintains the following types of configuration:
Initial Configuration (Setup Mode)
Setup mode leads a switch administrator to a basic switch
configuration by using questions that prompt for basicswitch configuration parameters
Figure on next slide describe the process used by setupmode
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Switch Configuration Files
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Startup ConfigurationUsed for initialization when the switch boots
If this file does not exist, the system boots using the factorydefaults
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Switch Configuration Files
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It is stored in NVRAM
You can use the show startup-config command to view thestartup configuration file
The IOS File System (IFS) refers to startup-config asnvram:startup-config
Running ConfigurationStores the currently used configuration commands
This file changes dynamically when someone enterscommands in configuration mode
It is stored in RAM If the switch is reloaded (rebooted) and the running
configuration is not saved all commands will be lost
You can use the show running-config command to view the
startup configuration file
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Switch Configuration Files
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The IOS File System (IFS)
refers to running-config
as system:running-config
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Switch Configuration Files
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Copying Configuration Files
The copy command can be used to copy files b/w RAMor NVRAM on a switch and a TFTP server
The copy command can be summarized as:
copy { tftp|running-config|startup-config }
{ tftp|running-config|startup-config }
It always replaces the existing configuration file when thefile is copied into NVRAM or into a TFTP server, while itmerged the configuration file into the running-config filein RAM
Figure on next slide depicts the locations and results ofcopy operation
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Switch Configuration Files
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Erasing Configuration Files
You can use three different commands to erase thecontents of NVRAM
write erase (older)
erase startup-config (older)
erase nvram (recomened)
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Switch Configuration Files
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All the three commands will erase the contents of the
NVRAM configuration fileNote there is no command to erase the contents of the
running-config file; to clear the running-config file, simplyerase the startup-config file and then reloadthe
switch
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