Hygiene
Hygiene: practices that promote health through personal cleanliness
Activities that foster hygiene:
1. Bathing; cleaning and maintaining fingernails and toenails
2. Performing oral care
Hygiene
Most hygiene practices are based on maintaining or restoring a healthy intguementary system.
Integumentary System Components1. Skin
2. Mucous membrane
3. Hair
4. Fingernails, toenails
5. Teeth
Integumentary System
Skin
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Subcutaneous layer
Line body passages such as the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems
Mucous membrane also lines the conjunctiva of the eye
a slimy substance that keeps the membranes soft and moist
Mucous Membrane
Made up of keratinForms from cells at the base of a single follicleHelps to prevent heat lossSebaceous glands in the hair follicles release sebum,
an oily secretion
Hair
Fingernails and toenails are made of keratin, which in concentrated amounts gives them their tough texture
Normal nails are thin, pink, and smoothFingernails and toenails provide some protection to
the digits
Nails
Present beneath the gums at birth
Contain the outer covering, enamel, a keratin structure
Exposed portion of each tooth: crown
Portion within the gum: root
Adults: 28 to 32 permanent teeth
Saliva: keeps the teeth clean and inhibits bacterial growth
Teeth
Sugar, plaque, and bacteria may eventually erode the tooth enamel, causing caries
Tartar leads to gingivitis while gum inflammation may cause periodontal disease
Common Dental Problems
Uses a cleansing agent such as soap and water to remove sweat, oil, dirt, and microorganisms from the skin
Advantages of bathing
1. Eliminates body odor.
2. reduces the potential for infection
3. Stimulates circulation.
4. provides a refreshed and relaxed feeling.
5. improves self-image
Hygiene practices Bathing
1. Tub bath or shower: There is no contraindication
2. Partial bathing: washing only those body areas subject to greatest soiling or that are sources of body odor.
3. For those who are independent persons
1. Bed bath( washing with a basin of water at the bedside)
2. Towel bath : The nurse uses a single large towel to cover and wash a client
3. Bag bath : disposable cloths in a plastic bag or container
Types of Bathing according to hygiene purposes
1. Sitz bath: Immersion of buttocks and perineum in a small basin of continuously circulating water (as in case of piles or episiotomy )
purposes:
1. Remove blood , serum, stool or urine
2. Reduce local swelling.
3. Relieves discomfort.
Types of Bathing according to function
2. Sponge bath: application of tipped water to the skin.
purposes:
1. Reduces a fever.
3. Medicated bath: soaking or immersing in a mixture of water and another substance, such as (sodium bicarbonate)
purposes:
1. Relieve itching or rashes
Types of Bathing according to function (cont’d)
4. Whirlpool bath: warm water that is continuously agitated within a tub or tank
purposes:
1. Improve circulation.
2. Increase joint mobility.
3. Remove dead tissue
4. Relieve discomfort.
Types of Bathing according to function (cont’d)
Removes unwanted body hair Accomplished with an electric or a safety razor
Use of safety razor is contraindicated for those clients:
1. Receiving anticoagulant .
2. Receiving thrombolytic agents.
3. Taking high doses of aspirin.
4. With blood disorders as hemophilia.
5. With liver disease who have impaired clotting.
6. With rashes or inflamed skin.
7. Who are suicidal.
For those we use an electric or battery–operated razor
Shaving
Brushing and flossing the teeth Dentures and bridges require special cleaning and
care Oral hygiene in unconscious clients whom need oral
care more frequently than conscious clients
Prevents aspiration of oral hygiene products and water
Oral Hygiene
Apply a conditioner to loosen tangles
Use oil on the hair if it is dry
Braid the hair to help prevent tangles
Brush the hair slowly to increase circulation of sebum
Use a wide-toothed comb, combing from end to crown
Use shampoo to clean hair
Hair Care
Keeping the fingernails and toenails clean and trimmed
Nail care should be provided with extreme caution for the following clients: Clients with diabetes Clients with impaired circulation Client with thick nails
Nail Care
Eyeglasses and hearing aids improve communication and socialization Eyeglasses Contact lenses Artificial eyes Hearing aids Infrared listening devices
Examples of Hearing Aids In the ear Behind the ear Remote controlled
Visual and Hearing Devices
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