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HYDROGEOLOGICAL SITE INVESTIGATION
GALWAY METAL COMPANY
ORANMORE
COUNTY GALWAY
Prepared For: -
Galway Metal Company Ltd.,
Oranmore,
Co. Galway
Prepared By: -
O’ Callaghan Moran & Associates,
Granary House,
Rutland Street,
Cork.
17th
August 2009
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1
2 SITE DESCRIPTION...................................................................................... 2
2.1 SITE LOCATION AND SURROUNDING LANDUSE ......................................................................2 2.2 SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE .................................................................................................2 2.3 SITE INSPECTION ....................................................................................................................3 2.4 SITE LAYOUT & OPERATION ..................................................................................................3 FIGURE 2.2 SITE LAYOUT & DRAINAGE A3..........................................................................................5 2.5 GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY ...........................................................................................6
2.5.1 Soils and Subsoil ..............................................................................................................6 2.5.2 Bedrock.............................................................................................................................6
2.6 HYDROGEOLOGY....................................................................................................................6 2.6.1 Aquifer Classification.......................................................................................................6
2.7 AQUIFER VULNERABILITY .....................................................................................................9 2.7.1 Groundwater Flow Direction............................................................................................9 2.7.2 Nearby Wells ....................................................................................................................9
3 GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT ........................................... 12
3.1 WELL LOCATIONS ................................................................................................................ 12 3.2 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 12 3.3 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING .................................................................................................. 14 3.4 GROUNDWATER QUALITY .................................................................................................... 15 3.5 DATA INTERPRETATION ....................................................................................................... 19
3.5.1 Hydrocarbons.................................................................................................................. 19 3.5.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) .................................................................... 19 3.5.3 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)............................................................................ 20 3.5.4 Metals and Anions .......................................................................................................... 20
4 SOILS ASSESSMENT .................................................................................. 21
4.1 FIELD SCREENING ................................................................................................................ 21 4.2 SOIL SAMPLING.................................................................................................................... 22 4.3 SOIL QUALITY ...................................................................................................................... 22 4.4 DATA INTERPRETATION ....................................................................................................... 22
4.4.1 Petroleum Hydrocarbons ................................................................................................ 22 4.4.2 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)............................................................................ 23 4.4.3 Metals ............................................................................................................................. 23
5 RISK ASSESSMENT .................................................................................... 28
6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................ 30
6.1 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................... 30 6.1.1 Soil.................................................................................................................................. 30 6.1.2 Groundwater ................................................................................................................... 30
6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................ 32 6.2.1 Soil.................................................................................................................................. 32 6.2.2 Groundwater ................................................................................................................... 32 6.2.3 Surface Water ................................................................................................................. 33
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 - Borehole Logs
APPENDIX 2 - OCM Sampling Protocol
APPENDIX 3 - Laboratory Results
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1 INTRODUCTION
Galway Metal Company Ltd. (Galway Metal) requested O’ Callaghan Moran &
Associates (OCM) to conduct a hydrogeological assessment of its facility at Oranmore,
County Galway.
Agricultural lands adjoining the Galway Metal facility have been contaminated by
oily water discharges from the site. OCM understand that there have in the past been
problems with leaks in the surface water drains beneath the site and that these leaks
are the most likely source of the oily discharges to the farm land to the east of the
facility and of the impacts in the groundwater system beneath and down hydraulic
gradient of the facility. OCM completed an initial assessment of the impacted farm
land in 2002. At that time, the impacted area was estimated at 250m2.
OCM recommended that the impacted soils be removed, however it is understood
that, due to issues over accessing the lands, the removal works could not be carried
out. It is now intended to proceed with the remediation of the impacted area by the
removal of all of the contaminated soils and a further investigation of the
contaminated area was required to quantify the volume of materials to be removed.
In addition to the removal of the impacted soils, Galway County Council (the
Council) requested that three groundwater monitoring wells be installed down
gradient of the impacted area, with a further five wells to be positioned within and
adjoining the Galway Metal site -two within the site, two in the car park north of the
processing area and one on access road south of the processing area.
The OCM assessment included a desk study to establish the local geological and
hydrogeological conditions and intrusive investigations, including a soil and
groundwater sampling programme. This report presents the findings of the OCM
assessment.
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2 SITE DESCRIPTION
2.1 Site Location and Surrounding Landuse
The site is located in Oranmore approximately 8km to the east of Galway City (Figure
2.1). The site is bounded to the south by Galway Oil Company, which is an oil
distribution centre that stores home heating oil and diesel. To the east are agricultural
lands, a portion of which have been impacted by the oily water run-off. The lands to
the north are lying fallow, but it is understood that these may be developed for
industrial purposes. The lands to the west of the site are occupied by the City Bin
Company Materials Recovery Facility, which operates under a waste licence issued
by the EPA.
2.2 Surface Water Drainage
The surface water drainage details are shown on Figure 2.2. The site slopes gently
from the northwest to the south east and, with the exception of landscaped areas, is
almost completely concrete paved. Surface water run-off from the concrete paving is
collected in the storm drain system that runs beneath the scrap metal processing area.
All run-off is channelled to a number of oil water interceptors located in the southern
section of the site. These interceptors discharge to an unnamed stream to the south of
the site. This stream flows from west to east for approximately 450m and then loops
around and flows west again to Oranmore Bay, which is approximately 1.5km to the
south west of the site.
There is evidence of oil staining at the discharge point of the surface water drainage
system to the stream. This may indicate that the interceptor system is not effectively
retaining hydrocarbons within the interceptors.
Based on previous assessments undertaken by OCM in 2004 the surface water
drainage system was not fully sealed and oily water collected from the yard leaked
from joints along manhole connections into the underlying subsoils. These leaks
ultimately discharged into the farm land to the west which is located at a lower
elevation than the site.
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2.3 Site Inspection
OCM completed a site inspection on 19th
June 2009. The objective of the inspection
was to gain an understanding of site operations and to identify potential sources of the
oil release. It included a visual assessment of the facility’s storm drainage and oil
water interceptor system and the impacted area in the field to the east of the facility.
2.4 Site Layout & Operation
The site layout is shown on Figure 2.2. There is a weighbridge at the site entrance.
Adjacent to the weighbridge is the Main Processing Building. The central section of
the building contains discrete waste processing areas for recycling of non-ferrous,
aluminium, new and reusable steel, paper and glass processing and plastic processing.
The eastern section of the building is occupied by a maintenance garage with offices
in the western part. The building is in good repair and well maintained with roof,
walls and concrete floors in good condition.
The remainder of the facility is occupied by car parking and external materials
storage, handling and processing areas. The main processing area (7993m2) includes
discrete storage areas for cast aluminium, aluminium turnings, stainless steel turnings,
cable and stainless steel storage. This area is provided with a concrete slab, which is
bunded and graded to falls to contain and collect surface water run-off, which is
directed to the interceptor system.
To the north of the building are four plastic tanks and one steel tank, each with an
approximate capacity of 1,600 litres, which are used to store waste oil removed from
the end of life vehicles. The tanks are located in a concrete containment bund, which
appears to be in good condition. These vehicles are depolluted in a designated
concrete paved area.
There are two 7,000 litre oil storage tanks located in a concrete bund along the
northeastern site boundary, which are used store hydraulic oil and fuel oil for the site
vehicles. The bund which appears in good condition.
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SCALE
FIGURE No.Legend
TITLE
CLIENTO' Callaghan Moran & Associates.
environmental management for business
not be used, reproduced or disclosed to anyone without the prior written
permission of O'Callaghan Moran & Associates and shall be returned upon request.
This drawing is the property of O'Callaghan Moran & Associates and shall
Granary House, Rutland Street,
Tel. (021) 4321521 Fax. (021) 4321522
Cork, Ireland.
email : [email protected]
Galway Metal Company
kilometers
0 2.5 5
Site Location
Site Location
2.1
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2.5 Geology and Hydrogeology
Information on the local and regional geology and hydrogeology was derived from a
desk study, which included Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) geology databases;
Teagasc Soil Maps for the region; in-house databases prepared by OCM and the site
investigation undertaken by OCM in June 2009. The latter, which included the
installation of boreholes and groundwater monitoring wells, is described in more
detail in Section 3.
2.5.1 Soils and Subsoil
The subsoils distribution, which is based on the Teagsc maps, is shown on Figure
2.3. The soils across most of the site are classified as Made Ground i.e. fill
material and concrete. The soils in the lands surrounding the site are classified by
as Limestone Till (TLs). The OCM site investigation confirmed the Teagasc
classification. The subsoil appears to be approximately 2m thick beneath the
facility based on the borehole log for BH-8 located in the southeast section of the
site.
2.5.2 Bedrock
The bedrock geology is illustrated on Figure 2.4. The site is underlain by
undifferentiated Visean Limestone. During the monitoring well installation,
bedrock comprising dark grey limestone was encountered at depths ranging from
1.3m in the lands to the east of the site, to 4.3m within the site itself. The variation
in the depth to bedrock is probably due the fact that the site has been raised with
fill material.
2.6 Hydrogeology
2.6.1 Aquifer Classification
The GSI has developed a classification system for aquifers based on the value of
the resource and the hydrogeological characteristics. The bedrock aquifer beneath
the site is characterised by the GSI as a Regionally Important Karstified Aquifer
(Rkc) as shown on Figure 2.5.
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SCALE
FIGURE No.Legend
TITLE
CLIENTO' Callaghan Moran & Associates.
environmental management for business
not be used, reproduced or disclosed to anyone without the prior written
permission of O'Callaghan Moran & Associates and shall be returned upon request.
This drawing is the property of O'Callaghan Moran & Associates and shall
Granary House, Rutland Street,
Tel. (021) 4321521 Fax. (021) 4321522
Cork, Ireland.
email : [email protected]
Galway Metal Company
0 0.5 1
kilometers
Site Location
Subsoil Classification
Subsoil Classification
TLs - Limestone Till
Made - Made Ground
RckCa - Calcareous Rock
FenPt - Fen Peat
A - Alluvium
Cut - Cutover Peat
Mesc - Esturine Seds
2.3
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2.7 Aquifer Vulnerability
Vulnerability is defined by the GSI as the intrinsic geological and hydrogeological
characteristics that determine the ease with which groundwater may be contaminated
by human activities. Vulnerability categories range from Extreme (E) to High (H) to
Moderate (M) to Low (L) and are dependant on the nature and thickness of subsoils
above the water table.
The GSI vulnerability map indicates that the vulnerability across the site ranges from
high to low (HL). Based on the thickness of the subsoils recorded during the site
investigation, OCM considers the vulnerability to range from extreme (E) to high (H).
The aquifer vulnerability is shown on Figure 2.6.
2.7.1 Groundwater Flow Direction
The water table appears to be confined by the glacial till subsoil beneath the site. The
water level in the bedrock wells indicates levels above the top of bedrock ranging
from 1-2.5 above the top of bedrock. Based on the levels recorded in the on-site wells,
the groundwater flow is from north-west to south-east towards the stream that runs
along the southern site boundary south and it is likely that shallow groundwater
discharges to the stream.
The underlying bedrock is characterised as RkC, which means a Regionally Important
bedrock aquifer with conduit flow. Essentially the rock only allows water through in
large conduits that have been opened up due to dissolution by water moving through
fractures and fissures (karstification). In those parts of the rock that are not karstified,
there is usually little or no groundwater, as the rock is essentially massive and solid.
Groundwater flow in this types of bedrock aquifer is extremely difficult to predict but
will ultimately be expected to follow the regional drainage pattern with groundwater
moving toward the sea to the west of the site. Where contaminants enter the bedrock
they can travel very large distances 2-3km in timescales ranging from hours to weeks.
2.7.2 Nearby Wells
OCM carried out a review of the groundwater well database maintained by the GSI
and the EPA. The closest recorded well to the site is approximately 650m to the south
southwest in Oranmore. The well is described by the GSI as being for agricultural
and domestic use.
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3 GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT
The groundwater quality assessment included the installation of monitoring wells;
measurement of groundwater levels and the collection of representative groundwater
samples for laboratory testing.
3.1 Well Locations
Eight (8 No.) monitoring wells (BH-01 to BH-08) were installed at the locations
shown on Figure 3.1. The number and locations of the wells were as requested by
Galway County Council.
BH-01 and BH-02 were located at points that were considered to be upgradient of the
site. BH-01 is to the west of the Main Building in the south eastern corner of a gravel
covered truck parking area. BH-02 is to the north of the Main Building in a tarmac
paved staff car parking area.
BH-03 was located downgradient of the site at its southern boundary, to the west of
the Galway Oil site. BH-04, 05 and 06 were located on private agricultural lands to
the east of the site, where the oil contamination has occurred. BH-04 is upgradient of
the oil stained area, but downgradient of the site. BH-05 and BH-06 are downgradient
of the impacted area. BH-07 and BH-08 were located within the site along the eastern
site boundary.
3.2 Methodology
The wells were drilled installed using rotary percussion drilling methods between the
19th
of June 2009 and the 1st of July 2009 by Glovers Drilling under the supervision of
an OCM hydrogeologist. The boreholes were logged by OCM in accordance with
BS5930. The borehole logs are presented in Appendix 1.
They boreholes were drilled at 150mm diameter and cased to bedrock to ensure the
hole stayed open. They extended to maximum depths of 10m below ground level.
Bedrock was encountered at between 1.3m and 4.3m. Groundwater was encountered
between 3m and 6.4m.
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O’ Callaghan Moran & Associates.Granary House, Rutland Street,Cork Ireland.Tel. (021) 4321521 Fax. (021) 4321522email : [email protected]
This drawing is the property of O'Callaghan Moran & Associates and shall notbe used, reproduced or disclosed to anyone without the prior written permissionof O'Callaghan Moran & Associates and shall be returned upon request.
FIGURE NUMBER
Scale
Not To Scale
Job Number:
CLIENT
TITLE
DetailsGalway Metal Company 3.1
Groundwater Well Locations
Groundwater Well
Site Boundary
N
09-123-03
BH-01
BH-02
BH-03
BH-07
BH-04
BH-05
BH-06
BH-08
Impacted Area
0m 50m25m 75m
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The monitoring wells are all constructed to monitor groundwater movement within
the bedrock. They were constructed using uPVC 50 mm diameter slotted and solid
standpipe. Solid standpipe was placed from ground level to the top of the rock and
slotted standpipe from the rock to the completion depth.
A gravel filter pack was inserted in the annular space between the boring and the
standpipe to a level of 0.5 m above the slotted section of the standpipe. Above the
gravel filter, the annular space was filled with a bentonite seal. The solid section of
the well pipe was brought above the ground level and fitted with a steel protective
well casing, set in a concrete base. In the operational yard areas the wells were
finished with flush steel covers to avoid damage caused by vehicles. The well
construction details are shown on the borehole logs in Appendix 1.
During drilling, strong hydrocarbon odours and oil sheens were noted in the
groundwater encountered in BH-03 and BH-08. Staining of the ground surface was
noted in the area surrounding BH-01, which may be associated with minor leaks from
the trucks parked in the area.
3.3 Groundwater Sampling
All wells were developed and left to stabilise for a period of more than 48 hours.
Groundwater samples were collected from the wells on the 9th
July 2009. After
completion of groundwater level measurements, the wells were purged to remove the
stagnant water in the well and surrounding gravel pack.
Purging is necessary to ensure that the groundwater parameters measured are
representative of the formation and not the stagnant water in the monitoring well or
surrounding gravel filter. This process is particularly important where contamination
of the groundwater has previously been detected.
Wells BH-01, 02, 04, 05, 06 and 07 were purged using with a 12 volt submersible
pump. The pump was cleaned and new sampling tubing was provided between each
well. Due to the presence of odours and an oily sheen on the groundwater noted
during the drilling of BH-03 and BH-08, these wells were purged using dedicated
plastic bailers to avoid cross continuation of the other wells.
pH, temperature and electrical conductivity were measured in the field and the results
are presented in Table 3.1.
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Table 3.1
Location PH
(pH units)
Temperature
(°C)
Electrical
Conductivity
(µS/cm)
GW Level
(mBGL)
9th
July 2009 9th
July 2009 9th
July 2009 9th
July 2009
BH-1 9.69 12 618 3.89
BH-2 7.32 11.7 754 2.47
BH-3 7.05 14.5 582 1.10
BH-4 6.94 13. 675 0.77
BH-5 6.6 13.9 773 0.55
BH-6 6.62 13 734 0.79
BH-7 6.86 12.7 725 3.2
BH-8 6.92 13.7 693 2.23
All samples were collected in accordance with OCM’s sampling protocol, a copy of
which is included in Appendix 2. The samples were placed in laboratory prepared
containers and stored in coolers prior to shipment to Jones Environmental Forensics,
UK (UKAS Accredited). Chain of custody documentation is included in Appendix 3.
During sampling strong hydrocarbon odours were noted at BH-03 and BH-08 and free
product was found in BH-08. Hydrocarbon odours or visual evidence of
contamination were not detected at of the other wells.
3.4 Groundwater Quality
The samples were analysed for – diesel range Organics (DRO), petrol range organics
(PRO), mineral oils, VOCs, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene),
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), pH, arsenic, aluminium, antimony, barium,
cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel, selenium, lead, zinc, ammonia,
sodium, potassium chloride, sulphate and sulphide.
The laboratory reports are included in Appendix 3 and the results are summarised in
Tables 3.2 to 3.5. The Tables include relevant vlaues specified in the EPA Interim
Guideline Values (IGVs). The IGVs are not statutory guidelines, but have been
published by the EPA to assist in the assessment of impacts on groundwater quality.
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Table 3.2 Groundwater Metals and Inorganics Results - Galway Metal - July 2009
Parameter Units BH-01 BH-02 BH-03* BH-04 BH-05 BH-06 BH-07 BH-08** IGV
Aluminium - dissolved µg/l 243 307 221 243 300 287 286 296 200
Arsenic - dissolved µg/l 3.3 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.4 2.9 <2.5 5.7 10
Antimony - dissolved µg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
Barium - dissolved µg/l 47 60 90 30 58 66 29 63 100
Cadmium - dissolved µg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 5
Chromium - dissolved µg/l <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 30
Copper - dissolved µg/l <7 <7 <7 <7 <7 <7 <7 <7 30
Iron - dissolved µg/l <20 <20 <20 <20 58 31 <20 108 200
Mercury - dissolved µg/l <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1
Nickel - dissolved µg/l 4 3 7 5 4 <2 3 7 20
Selenium - dissolved µg/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
Lead - dissolved µg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 10
Zinc - dissolved µg/l 3 5 5 <3 4 <3 9 6 100
Sulphate mg/l 12.48 23.71 32.97 17.53 17.31 3.83 26.06 49.35 200
Chloride mg/l 28.6 24.2 38.9 31.4 27.7 25.3 25.1 53.0 30
Potassium - dissolved mg/l 5.05 1.82 7.30 7.99 5.41 6.51 2.76 23.18 5
Sodium - dissolved mg/l 19.07 13.97 17.50 20.55 18.15 16.26 17.53 37.02 150
Ammoniacal Nitrogen mg/l 2.62 0.03 0.74 1.03 1.02 1.78 0.08 3.14 0.11
Sulphide �g/l <250 <250 <250 <250 <250 <250 <250 <250 -
Table 3.3 Groundwater Organics Results - Galway Metal - July 2009
Parameter Units BH-01 BH-02 BH-03* BH-04 BH-05 BH-06 BH-07 BH-08** IGV
DRO mg/l 0.16 <0.01 40.74 0.19 1.35 1.48 <0.01 302.94 0.01
Mineral Oil mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.67 0.74 <0.01 151.47 0.01
PRO (C4-C8) mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.03 0.01
PRO (C8-C12) mg/l <0.1 <0.1 0.37 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 12.83 0.01
PRO (C4-12) mg/l <0.1 <0.1 0.37 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 13.86 0.01
** Sample had to be diluted by a factor of 100 to allow analysis.
** Sample had to be diluted by a factor of 100 to allow analysis.
* Sample had to be diluted by a factor of 25 to allow analysis.
* Sample had to be diluted by a factor of 25 to allow analysis.
For in
spec
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urpo
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Table 3.4 Groundwater PAH Results - Galway Metal - July 2009
Parameter Units BH-01 BH-02 BH-03* BH-04 BH-05 BH-06 BH-07 BH-08** IGV
Naphthalene �g/l <0.1 <0.1 39.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 57 1
Acenaphthylene �g/l <0.08 <0.08 <2 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <8 -
Acenaphthene �g/l <0.1 <0.1 170.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <10 -
Fluorene �g/l <0.07 <0.07 134 <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 19 -
Phenanthrene �g/l <0.07 <0.07 464.1 <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 <0.07 29 -
Anthracene �g/l <0.08 <0.08 <2 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <8 10000
Fluoranthene �g/l <0.09 <0.09 324.5 <0.09 <0.09 <0.09 <0.09 <10 1
Pyrene �g/l <0.12 <0.12 186 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <12 -
Benz(a)anthracene �g/l <0.09 <0.09 6 <0.09 <0.09 <0.09 <0.09 <8 -
Chrysene �g/l <0.1 <0.1 4.6 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <10 -
Benzo(bk)fluoranthene �g/l <0.26 <0.26 <6.5 <0.26 <0.26 <0.26 <0.26 <26 0.50
Benzo(a)pyrene �g/l <0.12 <0.12 <3 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <12 0.01
Indeno(123cd)pyrene �g/l <0.1 <0.1 <2.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <10 0.05
Dibenzo(ah)anthracene �g/l <0.1 <0.1 <2.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <10 -
Benzo(ghi)perylene �g/l <0.12 <0.12 <3 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <12 -
* Sample had to be diluted by a factor of 25 to allow analysis.
** Sample had to be diluted by a factor of 100 to allow analysis.
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Dichlorodifluoromethane �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether �g/l <2 <2 <2 4 <2 <2 <2 13 30
Chloromethane �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
Vinyl Chloride �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
Bromomethane �g/l <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 -
Chloroethane �g/l <3 <3 24 6 <3 4 <3 19 -
Trichlorofluoromethane �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
1,1-Dichloroethene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 30
Carbon Disulphide �g/l NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -
Dichloromethane �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 10
Trans-1,2-Dichloroethene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 30
1,1 - Dichloroethane �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
Cis-1,2-Dichloroethene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 15 30
2,2 Dichloropropane �g/l <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 -
Bromochloromethane �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
Chloroform �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 12
1,1,1-Trichloroethane �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
1,1-Dichloropropene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
Carbontetrachloride �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
1,2-Dichloroethane �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
Benzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 7 1
Trichloroethene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 70
1,2-Dichloropropane �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
Dibromomethane �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
Bromodichloromethane �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
Cis-1,3-Dichloropropene �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
Toluene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 495 10
Trans-1,3-Dichloropropene �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
1,1,2-Trichloroethane �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
Tetrachloroethene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 7 40
1,3,-Dichloropropane �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
Dibromochloromethane �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
1,2-Dibromoethane �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
Chlorobenzene �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
Ethylbenzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 344 10
m/p Xylene �g/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 2375 10
o Xylene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 1498 10
Styrene �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 47 -
Bromoform �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
Isopropylbenzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 51 -
1,1,2,2 Tetrachloroethane �g/l <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 -
Bromobenzene �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
1,2,3-Trichloropropane �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
Propylbenzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 147 -
2-Chlorotoluene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 763 -
4-Chlorotoluene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
Tert-Butylbenzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 1732 -
Sec-Butylbenzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 38 -
4-Isopropyltoluene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 26 -
1,4- Dichlorobenzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
1,3-Dichlorobenzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
n-Butylbenzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 116 -
1,2-Dichlorobenzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane �g/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
Hexachlorobutadiene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
Naphthalene �g/l <2 <2 12 <2 <2 <2 <2 191 1
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene �g/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 -
* Sample had to be diluted by a factor of 25 to allow analysis.
** Sample had to be diluted by a factor of 100 to allow analysis.
NA Denotes parameter results not available
Table 3.5 Groundwater VOC Results - Galway Metal - July 2009
Parameter Unit BH-01 BH-02 BH-03* BH-04 BH-05 BH-06 BH-07 BH-08** IGV
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3.5 Data Interpretation
3.5.1 Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons were detected at elevated levels in BH-03 and BH-08, with
lower levels detected in BH-01, which is up hydraulic gradient of the Galway
Metal site, and in BH-04, 05 and 06 in the agricultural lands to the east of the
site.
The hydrocarbons detected in BH-1 may be linked to the oil staining noted at
the ground surface, which are probably associated with minor leaks from
vehicles parked in this area.
The source of the elevated levels detected in BH-08 is Galway Metal site and
may be the result of historical leaks in the storm water drainage system and or
historical discharges to ground prior to the paving of process yard area. The
source of is most likely the leakage of oils from end of life vehicles that may
not have been properly depolluted.
The presence of hydrocarbons, although at relatively low levels, in BH-04, 05
and 06 indicate the presence of a dilute plume migrating off-site to the
southeast.
Given the direction of groundwater flow, from northwest to south east, it is
possible that the off-site sources may be contributing to the elevated levels
detected at BH-03.
3.5.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
Significant PAHs were detected in BH-03 and BH-08. Due to high
concentrations, the samples had to be diluted in the laboratory in order to
ensure representative analyses. The highest concentrations were detected in
BH-03, with relatively low levels in BH-08. As indicated previously it is
possible that the source of contamination in BH-03 is at least in part
attributable to off-site sources.
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3.5.3 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Elevated VOCs were detected in BH-08, with lower levels in BH-03, 04 and
06. The main VOCs detected (benzenes, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene)
are constituents of petrol while others may be associated with brake fluids or
degreasing agents.
3.5.4 Metals and Anions
Aluminium was the only metal detected above IGV limits. It is present in all
wells at levels slightly above the IGV of 200µg/l. The levels detected ranged
from 221µg/l to 307µg/l. Given the detection in up hydraulic gradient as well
as down hydraulic gradient wells, its presence may be natural occurring and is
not considered to be significant.
Chloride, potassium and ammoniacal nitrogen levels are slightly elevated
primarily in the down hydraulic gradient wells. The slightly elevated
ammoniacal nitrogen and potassium in BH-01, which is upgradient of the
Galway Metal site, indicate an impact on groundwater quality originating form
an off site source.
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4 SOILS ASSESSMENT
The soil investigation included the collection of soil samples from the boreholes
installed on site. Soil samples were not collected from BH-05 or BH-06, as poor
weather conditions (heavy rain and strong winds) at the time of the drilling made it
impossible to collect representative samples of the drill cuttings. It was intended to
collect samples at these locations from trial pits that were to be excavated on the day
following the borehole installation. However OCM were denied access to the lands
on the following day and were therefore not able to collect soil samples.
4.1 Field Screening
The soil samples collected were examined for visual or olfactory evidence of
contamination. Field screening was undertaken on all samples collected to detect the
presence of volatile organic compounds. This was achieved by filling resalable
plastic bags with the soil. A head space was left in the bags and the sample allowed
to sit for ten minutes. A photo ionisation probe (PID) was then inserted into the bag
to detect any volatile organic vapours within the headspace. A summary of the PID
measurements is presented in the borehole logs in Appendix 2.
High PID readings were detected in the soils encountered in BH-03 and BH-08. The
levels in BH-03 ranged from 258 parts per million (ppm) at a depth of 0.25m to 4,500
ppm at a depth of 0.75m. The readings detected at the final soil sample collected
from BH-03 at 2.25m was 2,270ppm. These PID reading are indicative of the
presence of volatile hydrocarbon compounds which were observed during the drilling
programme.
The PID readings for BH-08 ranged from 3,490ppm at a depth of 1.9m to 1,550ppm
at a depth of 3.9m. Low levels of VOCs were detected between 0m and 0.5m of BH-
01, between 1m and 2m in BH-04 and between 1 and 2m in BH-07. The PID
detections correlate well with the presence of volatile hydrocarbons detected in the
subsoils (See Section 4.2) and are not considered to be indicative of the presence of
elevated volatile organic compounds associates with organic solvents.
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4.2 Soil Sampling
Soil samples were taken form the boreholes at either 0.5m or 1m intervals. The
interval was based on the drilling conditions at the time and the amounts of soil being
returned. Where small amounts of soils were being returned samples were collected
every metre and where large amounts of soils were returned samples were collected
every half metre.
All samples were collected in accordance with OCM’s sampling protocol, a copy of
which is included in Appendix 2. The soil samples were placed in laboratory
prepared containers and stored in coolers prior to shipment to Jones Environmental
Forensics, UK (UKAS Accredited). Chain of custody documentation and laboratory
analytical results are included in Appendix 3.
4.3 Soil Quality
The samples were analysed for – diesel range Organics (DRO), petrol range organics
(PRO), mineral oils, VOCs, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene),
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), pH, arsenic, aluminium, antimony, barium,
cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel, selenium, lead, zinc, These are
the contaminants typically associated with scrap metal and vehicle processing.
The laboratory results are summarized on Tables 4.1 to 4.8 and included in full in
Appendix 3. The tables include, for comparative purposes, soil quality ranges
published by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which indicate typical
background levels for a range of parameters, primarily metals, in Irish Soils.
The Table also includes Dutch quality guidelines known as the Dutch List. The latter
are used by many local authorities to assess soil and groundwater contamination and
have two categories, a target level (D) and an intervention level (I). The (D) level is
considered representative of background conditions. The (I) level is one at or above
which remedial action may be considered necessary based on risk assessment.
4.4 Data Interpretation
4.4.1 Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Elevated hydrocarbons were detected in the subsoils in BH-01, BH-03 and
BH-08.
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In BH-01 the top 0.5m of the subsoil is slightly impacted, but beneath this
level no hydrocarbons were detected. The staining at the surface is most likely
the result of minor spills or leaks from vehicles parked in this area.
OCM were denied access to excavate the trial pits on the lands to the east of
the facility where oily discharges from the site have resulted in heavy staining
of the surface. However, based on observations during the installation of BH-
04, 05 and 06, the top soil and possible 20-30cm of subsoil where the oil
discharges have occurred are heavily impacted and will require excavation and
removal.
It should be noted however that the extent of the impacted area appears to be
increasing. This is because oily water seepages continue to discharge from the
site, which is located at c.1.5-2m higher elevation than the land to the east,
into the farmland.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
Low levels of PAH were detected in the subsoils in BH-01 and BH-08. The
levels detected BH-01 are not considered to be significantly elevated. The
PAHs have not appear to have penetrated beyond the top 0.5m beneath the
ground surface. In BH-08 low levels were detected at depth. Their presence
indicate a pathway through the subsoils to the groundwater in this area
however the levels detected do not indicate the presence of a significant source
of PAH contamination in the subsoils beneath the site. The PAHs are most
likely related to leaks in the surface water drainage system running beneath the
processing area.
4.4.2 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Low levels of VOCs were detected in the soil.
4.4.3 Metals
Metal levels are not significantly elevated in the subsoils beneath the site.
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Table 4.1 Subsoils Metals - Galway Metal June 2009
0-0.5m 1.5-2m 3.5-4m 0-0.5m 1.5-2m 3-3.5m 0.5-1m 1-1.5m 2-2.5m
Aluminium mg/kg 674.0 1,916 1,348 2,282 2,262 2,864 5,224 29,660 1,985 - - 10,000-80,000
Arsenic mg/kg 1 1.6 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.4 5.5 8.4 1.1 29.0 55.0 1.0-50
Antimony mg/kg <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 2 <1 <1 3 15 0.2-3
Barium mg/kg 10 25 11 17 15 19 92 135 12 160 625 -
Cadmium mg/kg 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.8 2.1 0.4 0.8 12.0 0.1-1
Chromium mg/kg 24.1 5.3 4.9 4.7 5.3 6.7 80.5 62.1 6.5 100 380 5-250
Copper mg/kg 31 6 4 7 4 4 102 63 3 36 190 2-100
Iron mg/kg 3,235 2,120 1,704 3,202 2,037 2,241 31,620 23,610 1,088 - - 10,000-50,000
Mercury mg/kg 0 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 10 0.03-0.8
Nickel mg/kg 14.4 5.9 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.8 45.3 50.9 5.2 35 210 0.5-100
Selenium mg/kg <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 2 <1 0.7 100 0.2-2
Lead mg/kg 33 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 95 39 <5 85 530 0.2-80
Zinc mg/kg 44 9 8 9 8 9 185 101 7 140 720 10-200
* From Towards Setting Environmental Quality Objectives for Soil Developing a Soil Protection Strategy for Ireland. Irish EPA 2002.
Table 4.2 Subsoils Metals - Galway Metal June 2009
0-1m 1-2m 0.8-1.8 1.8-2.8 2.8-3.8 1.4-2.4 2.4-3.4 3.4-3.6
Aluminium mg/kg 8,301 1,994 4,189 3,666 2,047 4,475 1,275 806 - - 10,000-80,000
Arsenic mg/kg 3.8 1.7 2.6 2.2 1.4 3.1 1.5 1.4 29.0 55.0 1.0-50
Antimony mg/kg <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 3 15 0.2-3
Barium mg/kg 35 13 21 23 14 26 <10 12 160 625 -
Cadmium mg/kg 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.8 12.0 0.1-1
Chromium mg/kg 17.9 5.8 9.3 8.6 5.7 9.6 5.7 5.0 100 380 5-250
Copper mg/kg 11 4 6 6 5 8 3 4 36 190 2-100
Iron mg/kg 6,449 2,181 4,356 3,815 2,053 5,159 1,738 1,331 - - 10,000-50,000
Mercury mg/kg 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 10 0.03-0.8
Nickel mg/kg 17.7 6.9 11.6 10.9 7.6 11.5 6.3 7.1 35 210 0.5-100
Selenium mg/kg <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 0.7 100 0.2-2
Lead mg/kg 16 <5 6 <5 <5 9 <5 <5 85 530 0.2-80
Zinc mg/kg 33 9 15 15 10 24 9 8 140 720 10-200
* From Towards Setting Environmental Quality Objectives for Soil Developing a Soil Protection Strategy for Ireland. Irish EPA 2002.
Dutch I-Value EPA Range*Dutch D-ValueBH-01 BH-01
BH-04 BH-04
Parameter Unit
Parameter Unit
BH-03BH-01 BH-02
BH-07
BH-02 BH-03 BH-03BH-02
BH-07 BH-07 BH-08 BH-08 BH-08Dutch D-Value Dutch I-Value EPA Range*
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Table 4.3 Subsoils Organics - Galway Metal June 2009
0-0.5m 1.5-2m 3.5-4m 0-0.5m 1.5-2m 3-3.5m 0.5-1m 1-1.5m 2-2.5m
DRO mg/kg 1,121 <30 <30 <30 <30 96 4,440 1,210 2,128 - -
Mineral Oil mg/kg 560 <30 <30 <30 <30 <30 2,220 605 1,702 50 5000
Table 4.4 Subsoils Organics - Galway Metal June 2009
0-1m 1-2m 0.8-1.8 1.8-2.8 2.8-3.8 1.4-2.4 2.4-3.4 3.4-3.6
DRO mg/kg 104 <30 <30 148 250 3,574 857 438 - -
Mineral Oil mg/kg <30 <30 <30 <30 <30 1,787 428 219 50 5000
Parameter UnitBH-01 BH-01 BH-01 BH-02 BH-02 BH-02 BH-03 BH-03
Dutch D-Value Dutch I-ValueBH-03
Parameter UnitBH-04 BH-04 BH-07 BH-07 BH-07 BH-08 BH-08 BH-08
Dutch D-Value Dutch I-Value
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0-0.5m 1.5-2m 3.5-4m 0-0.5m 1.5-2m 3-3.5m 0.5-1m 1-1.5m 2-2.5m
Naphthalene �g/ kg <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 - -
Acenaphthylene �g/ kg 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Acenaphthene �g/ kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Fluorene �g/ kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Phenanthrene �g/ kg 0.04 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Anthracene �g/ kg 0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Fluoranthene �g/ kg 0.12 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Pyrene �g/ kg 0.13 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 - -
Benz(a)anthracene �g/ kg 0.04 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Chrysene �g/ kg 0.08 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 - -
Benzo(bk)fluoranthene �g/ kg 0.11 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 - -
Benzo(a)pyrene �g/ kg 0.04 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Indeno(123cd)pyrene �g/ kg 0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Dibenzo(ah)anthracene �g/ kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Benzo(ghi)perylene �g/ kg 0.05 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04
SUM of Ten �g/ kg 0.69 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 1 40
ND Denotes parameter not detected
Table 4.5 Subsoil Volatile Organic Compounds Galway Metal February 2009
BH-02Parameter Unit
BH-01 BH-03BH-02BH-01 BH-01 BH-02 Dutch I-
Value
BH-03 BH-03 Dutch D-
Value
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0-1m 1-2m 0.8-1.8 1.8-2.8 2.8-3.8 1.4-2.4 2.4-3.4 3.4-3.6
Naphthalene �g/ kg <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 - -
Acenaphthylene �g/ kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Acenaphthene �g/ kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.36 0.06 <0.02 - -
Fluorene �g/ kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.60 0.12 <0.02 - -
Phenanthrene �g/ kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.74 0.14 <0.02 - -
Anthracene �g/ kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.05 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Fluoranthene �g/ kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.20 0.11 <0.02 - -
Pyrene �g/ kg <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 0.22 0.10 <0.03 - -
Benz(a)anthracene �g/ kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.06 0.05 <0.02 - -
Chrysene �g/ kg <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 0.07 0.04 <0.04 - -
Benzo(bk)fluoranthene �g/ kg <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 - -
Benzo(a)pyrene �g/ kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Indeno(123cd)pyrene �g/ kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Dibenzo(ah)anthracene �g/ kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - -
Benzo(ghi)perylene �g/ kg <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04
SUM of Ten �g/ kg <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 0.38 0.20 <0.27 1 40
ND Denotes parameter not detected
Parameter Unit
Table 4.6 Subsoil Volatile Organic Compounds Galway Metal February 2009
BH-07 BH-07 BH-08BH-04 BH-04 BH-07 BH-08Dutch IDutch D
BH-08
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5 RISK ASSESSMENT
OCM understand that rainfall running off the scrap metal stock piles results in the
generation of oily water which is collected in the on-site surface water drainage
system and discharges via a series of interceptors to the surface water stream to the
south of the site. There is evidence of oil staining at the discharge point of the surface
water drainage system to the stream. This may indicate that the interceptor system is
not effectively retaining hydrocarbons within the interceptors.
OCM understand that there have in the past been problems with leaks in the surface
water drains beneath the site and that these leaks are the most likely source of the oily
discharges to the farm land to the east of the facility and of the impacts in the
groundwater system beneath and down hydraulic gradient of the facility.
The soil and groundwater results for the area around BH-01 indicate that while there
is staining at the surface and some hydrocarbons present in the top 0.5m, the impact
on the groundwater system is very low.
It is likely that shallow groundwater from beneath the site discharges into the adjacent
surface water course to the south of the site. There is a strong possibility therefore
that the contamination from beneath the site is impacting on the stream to the south of
the site.
Because of the karst nature of the bedrock aquifer it is difficult to predict with any
accuracy where or if contaminated groundwater emanating from the facility could be
impacting in the bedrock aquifer and potentially migrating long distances away from
the site through the karst conduits.
However the fact that oily water from beneath the site is migrating into the farmland
to the east of the site rather than vertically to ground indicates that the subsoil beneath
the facility is of relatively low permeability. The groundwater level data indicates
that the bedrock aquifer may in fact be confined beneath the site by the low
permeability subsoil. Because of its low permeability, infiltrating oil/water beneath
the site is being preferentially diverted laterally to the west along the surface water
pathway. However, at some point in the farm land the discharge appears to be getting
to ground as the extent of the impacted area does not reach a surface water drainage
outlet i.e. the river to the south of the site.
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The detection of a weak plume in the down gradient monitoring wells (BH-04, 05 and
06) indicates that oily water is migrating to water table to the east of the facility. The
extent of the impact appears however to be limited and if the discharge can be
eliminated it should be possible to reduce contamination in the groundwater in a
relatively short timeframe.
It is likely that the drainage from the site discharges to the stream to the south of the
site and ultimately both surface and groundwater discharges to the sea to the west of
the facility in the Oranmore area.
Once remedial action is taken to eliminate the discharge of oily water to ground
beneath the site a remediation programme can be developed to eliminate the residual
contamination beneath and down hydraulic gradient of the site. The remediation
programme can be designed following monitoring to assess the extent of impact
remaining post removal of the discharge.
It is likely that the remediation would involve some form of chemical oxidation to
mitigate the hydrocarbon contamination in the subsoil and groundwater. The precise
nature of remedial activity could be established following the assessment of
groundwater hydrochemistry as part of groundwater monitoring programme.
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6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Conclusions
6.1.1 Soil
Localised hydrocarbon impacts were detected in BH-03 and 08 down hydraulic
gradient of the site. While the impacts in BH-03 may in part be associated with off-
site sources, based on the groundwater flow direction they are also in part associated
with leaks in the surface water drainage system discharging to ground beneath the
site.
It was not possible to complete the trial pitting investigation in the field to the east of
the facility. However, based on observations during the installation of BH-04, 05 and
06, the top soil and possible 20-30cm of subsoil where the oil discharges have
occurred are heavily impacted and will require excavation and removal. OCM
estimate that an area of approximately 600m2 has been impacted in this area, but this
needs to be confirmed.
Until the oily discharges emanating from the Galway Metal site into the farmland are
eliminated, the removal of the impacted soils is not recommended because the
underlying cleaner subsoils will continue to be impacted.
Oil staining in the vicinity of BH-01 does not appear to be indicative of significant
contamination based on the soil and groundwater results from BH-01.
6.1.2 Groundwater
Hydrocarbon contamination has been detected at elevated levels primarily in
monitoring wells BH-03 and BH-08. Lower levels of hydrocarbon
contamination were detected in BH-01.
Lower levels of hydrocarbon contamination were detected in BH-04, 05 and
06 in the agricultural lands to the east of the site.
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The hydrocarbons in BH-1 may be indicative of minor leaks or spills
associated with the trucks parked in the area to the west of the main offices on
site.
Given the direction of groundwater flow across the site from northwest to
south east it is likely that the source of elevated hydrocarbons in BH-03 may
in part originate from adjacent off-site sources.
The elevated hydrocarbons detected in BH-08 are considered to originate from
the Galway Metal site and may be the result of historical leaks in the surface
water drainage system or historical discharges to ground prior to the sealing of
process yard area. The source of the impact is most likely the discharge of
hydrocarbons from crushed vehicles that may not have been depolluted.
It is likely that low permeability subsoil beneath the site has resulted in the
diversion latterly of much of the oily water from beneath the facility to the
farmland east of the site. This low permeability subsoil may be limiting the
impact of hydrocarbon contamination on the bedrock aquifer beneath the site.
The detections in BH-04, 05 and 06 indicate the presence of a dilute plume
migrating away from the surface impacted farm land to the east of the site.
Significant PAHs were detected in BH-03 and BH-08. The highest
concentrations were detected in BH-03 with lower levels in BH-08. It is
possible that the source of contamination in BH-03 is at least in part
attributable to off-site sources.
VOCs were detected primarily in BH-08.
It is likely that the shallow groundwater from beneath the site discharges into
the adjacent surface water course to the south of the site. There is a strong
possibility therefore that the contamination from beneath the site is impacting
on the surface water system down hydraulic gradient of the site to the south
and east.
Because of the karst nature of the bedrock aquifer it is difficult to predict with
any accuracy where or if contaminated groundwater emanating from the
facility could be impacting on the deeper groundwater conduit flow system in
the regionally important bedrock aquifer beneath and down hydraulic gradient
of the facility.
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However the presence of low permeability subsoil beneath the site, the
confined aquifer conditions and the monitoring data for BH5 and 6 down
hydraulic gradient of the site indicates that to date off-site impacts in the
bedrock aquifer may be limited.
It is likely that the drainage from the site, both surface and groundwater
ultimately discharges to the sea to the west of the facility in the Oranmore
area.
The recommendations below will only be effective if all sources of
contamination are identified and eliminated. If there are off-site sources of
hydrocarbon contamination the effectiveness of any actions taken now by
Galway Metal will be reduced if off-site source areas are not also addressed.
6.2 Recommendations
6.2.1 Soil
OCM recommend that any ongoing leaks of oily water in the surface water drainage
system be identified and repaired to eliminate the discharge of oily water off-site to
the east of the facility.
OCM recommend that once it is established that all oily water at the facility is being
collected and diverted to interceptor that the impacted area in the farmland be
excavated and removed for appropriate disposal. The excavated area should be
reinstated with clean subsoils and top soils and reseeded.
OCM recommend that ideally all vehicle parking areas should be paved to prevent
discharges of leaks or spills from vehicles to the subsurface.
6.2.2 Groundwater
OCM recommend that following any necessary repairs to the surface water drainage
system that a groundwater monitoring programme incorporating the new monitoring
wells be undertaken quarterly to monitor water quality.
OCM recommend that a remedial action plan be developed so that clean up goals for
the groundwater system can be established and an effective method of remediation
can be designed and implemented.
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6.2.3 Surface Water
OCM recommend that oil interceptor system be assessed to ensure that its integrity is
intact and that it has sufficient capacity to treat oily water prior to discharge to the
surface water course to the south of the facility.
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APPENDIX 1
Borehole Logs
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C: \09\123_HegartyMetal\03_GalwayMetalCompagnyLtd\1230301.Doc August 2009 (SM/BS)
APPENDIX 2
OCM Sampling Protocol
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C:\SOP\Soil.Doc 1
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE
SOIL SAMPLING
The soil sampling technique described below will be followed to ensure that soil samples are
representative of the environment which they are intended to characterise.
1.0 SAMPLING
(A) Locate the soil sampling station in accordance with the workplan which will specify
the number and type of samples to be taken. Place a wooden stake into the ground
one metre from the sample location and record sample location on the stake.
(B) Record the location in the field logbook and, if possible, photograph the location.
(C) Collect soil samples from the depth specified in the workplan and record the depth in
the field notebook. Describe the colour and texture of each sample and record in
notebook.
(D) Wear appropriate level of protection when taking samples (gloves, safety glasses,
hard hat etc.) as specified in the workplan. Collect soil samples as specified in the
workplan using decontaminated stainless steel trowel, soil corer, or similar device.
Collect discrete soil samples from each station.
(E) If required by the workplan, composite discreet soil samples by placing equal
volumes of soil into the container and mixing thoroughly to a homogenous mixture.
Samples may be hand picked, if necessary, to remove larger materials, such as
leaves, sticks, gravel, rocks etc., if specified in the workplan. Record in notebook
the nature of any materials removed from soil samples.
(F) Deposit each soil sampled into a (clean, pre-washed) container. At the time of
collection, the sample bottle will be filled to the top with soil sample.
(G) Fill out labels with waterproof ink and attach to the sample container. The following
information will be recorded on each sample label: -
Client/Site Name
Date Collected
Time Collected
Analysis
Preservative
Sample Identification Number
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(H) Decontaminate sampling equipment as described below unless otherwise specified in
the site workplan. When using stainless steel sampling equipment: -
wash with non-phosphate detergent in potable water,
rinse sequentially in potable water, methanol, acetone, methanol and D1 water
and;
allow to air dry in a containment free area.
(I) Wrap the decontaminated sampling equipment in aluminium foil which has been
decontaminated in accordance with Section H.
2.0 FIELD DOCUMENTATION
Record sample information in the field notebook. Provide a complete description of the
sample location, and a photograph, if necessary. Describe the soil appearance, especially if
the presence of oil or an odour is noted. Document the sample bottle lot numbers in the field
notebook. Record weather conditions at the time of sampling. The Field Team Leader will
initial the logbook entries for correctness.
3.0 FIELD QA/QC SAMPLES
See the separate SOP on Field QA/QC samples for appropriateness and preparation of D1
Water Field Blanks, Cross-contamination Field Blanks, Trip Blanks and Field Duplicate
Samples.
4.0 PACKAGING AND TRANSPORT
Check to be sure that all necessary information is on the sample container label. Complete
the chain-of custody form. Package, label and transport the samples to the testing laboratory
in accordance with requirements for packing, shipping and labelling environmental samples.
END.
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C:\SOP\Gwater.Doc 1
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING
The primary objective of groundwater sampling is to establish groundwater quality and
evaluate whether the potential contaminant sources at a site have impacted the groundwater in
the underlying aquifer. The additional objective is to measure hydraulic gradient, or slope, of
the water table to evaluate the direction of groundwater flow.
The purpose of this procedure is to ensure that representative samples of groundwater are
collected and documented using consistent methods to ensure sample integrity.
1.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES
1.1 Well Operating and Purging Procedures
All groundwater sampling will be conducted after the installed and developed wells have been
allowed to equilibrate for at least 2 to 3 days. A Field Data Sheet for Well Sampling will be
completed for each well.
Groundwater sampling teams will use to following procedure for approaching, opening,
purging and sampling all wells, unless directed otherwise by a site specific workplan.
1) Prior to placing any equipment into the well, decontaminate the sampling equipment
according to standard decontamination protocol.
2) Ensure you have a working FID/PID, a well key, and a depth-to-water meter.
3) Unlock and open the well cap just enough to insert the probe of the PID/FID. Take and
record a reading. A decision to upgrade PPE may be necessary based on the FID/PID
readings in the breathing zone.
4) Where practical, the surface water column will be visually examined for the presence of
hydrocarbons, if present or suspected, the thickness of the hydrocarbon layer will be
measured using an oil/water interface probe prior to taking the depth-to-water
measurement.
5) Insert the water level probe into the well and measure and record the static water level
to the nearest 0.01 m with respect to the established survey point on top of the well
casing.
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6) Decontaminate the water level probe with DDI water (Do not rinse with any solvents
unless product was encountered).
7) Calculate and record the minimum volume of water to be purged according to the
following conversion factors: -
1 well volume = water column in metres x litres/linear metre
50mm casing = 2.0 LPM
100mm casing = 8.1 LPM
150mm casing = 18.2 LPM
200mm casing = 32.4 LPM
8) Purge the well of at least 3 casing volumes by pumping or bailing with a
decontaminated submersible pump or PVC bailer equipped with a bottom filling check
valve (if the purge volume is low, generally less than 100 litres, the sampling team
might find it more efficient to purge with a bailer than a pump). Use a graduated bucket
to track the amount of water removed from the well. Periodically determine the pH,
temperature and specific conductance of the purged water. Continue purging until the
well has been completely evacuated or until the pH and specific conductance
measurements have stabilised for at least one well volume. Wells that become
dewatered before producing three casing volumes will be sampled as soon as practical
once they recover sufficiently.
9) Dispose of purge water collected in the graduated bucket by pouring onto the ground at
a distance of 50 to 60 metres from the vicinity of the well. If the water is known or
suspected to be significantly contaminated, it may be necessary to store the purge water
in a secure container, such as a drum, pending proper disposal.
10) Be aware and record any unusual occurrence during purging such as cascading (a
shallow water entry zone that trickles into the borehole).
1.2 Field Parameter Measurement
Measurements of field parameters of pH, temperature and electrical conductivity are collected
and organic vapour screening is conducted while the well is purged. To facilitate the
collection of basic field parameters, the field team needs to: -
· Purge three well volumes of water from the well and measure field parameters
for each well volume removed.
· Collection of water samples should take place after stabilisation of the following
parameters: -
- Temperature +/- 1
oC
- pH (meter or paper) +/- 0.2 units
- Specific conductivity +/- 5%
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· If the aforementioned parameters do not stabilise within three purge volumes,
the well will be purged up to a maximum of six borehole volumes unless two
consecutive sets of stabilised parameters are obtained.
· Note any observations in the field logbook.
1.3 Collection of Water Samples
All samples or chemical analysis will be placed in laboratory prepared bottles. The types of
sample containers and preservative required for each type of analysis are described in the
workplan. If required, preservatives will be placed in the sample containers prior to collecting
the samples.
The following procedure will be used to sample a well: -
1) After the well has been purged and allowed to recover, sample the well using a properly
decontaminated or dedicated disposable bailer. Gently lower the bailer into the water
column. Allow the bailer to sink and fill with a minimum of surface disturbance.
2) Slowly raise the bailer out of the well. Do not allow the bailer line to contact the
ground, either by coiling it on a clean plastic sheet or by looping it from arm to arm as
the line is extracted from the well.
3) Samples will be collected for VOCs analysis immediately after purging is complete and
before other samples are collected. Pour the samples slowly into the laboratory
prepared 40 ml glass vial. Overfill each vial slightly to eliminate air bubbles, a convex
meniscus should be present at the top of the vial. Ensure that the Teflon liner of the
septum cap is facing inward and that no bubbles are entrapped. After capping securely,
turn bottle upside-down, tap it against your other hand, and observe sample water for
bubbles. If bubbles are observed, remove the cap, overfill the vial and reseal. Repeat
this step for each vial until the samples with no bubbles are obtained.
4) Place a label on the container and enter the following information: -
Client/Site Name
Date Collected
Time Collected
Analysis
Preservative
Sample Identification Number
5) Record pertinent information in the field logbook and on the Field Data Sheet for Well
Sampling. Complete chain-of-custody form.
6) Place custody seals on the container caps. As soon as possible, place sample containers
in a cooler with ice packs and maintain at 4oC until extraction. Surround the bottles
with appropriate packaging.
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7) Obtain the semi-volatile compound/pesticides/PCBs sample(s) by transferring the water
to a laboratory prepared 1000 ml amber glass bottle with Teflon-lined cap. Fill the
bottle to the bottom of the neck and follow steps 4, 5 and 6 above.
8) Dissolved metals (if necessary) requires the team to filter the sample water through a
.45 micron filter. The water is collected in a 1 litre, unpreserved, plastic or glass bottle
with HNO3 preservative. Filtering must be done within 15 minutes of sample
collection.
9) Obtain the total metals sample by directly transferring the water from the bailer into a
laboratory prepared 1000 ml plastic or glass bottle with HNO3 preservative.
10) Be sure the pH of the metals sampled is less than 2 by pouring off an aliquot in a clean
jar and testing for pH using litmus paper. Dispose of this water and rinse the jar.
11) Collect and prepare Field QA/QC samples in accordance with separate SOP.
12) Be sure to record all data required on the Field Data Sheet or Well Sampling and
appropriate entries into the field logbook.
13) Secure the well cap and replace the locking cover.
14) Decontaminate all sampling equipment according to procedure.
15) Decontaminate submersible pumps as follows: -
Scrub pump and cord in a tub of appropriate detergent and potable water
Pump at least 80 litres of soapy water through pump
Rinse with potable water
Pump at least 80 litres of rinse water through the pump
Rinse with DI water before lowering pump into the next well.
END.
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C: \09\123_HegartyMetal\03_GalwayMetalCompagnyLtd\1230301.Doc August 2009 (SM/BS)
APPENDIX 3
Laboratory Results
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