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Hydrogen Research Priority Workshop
Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Vehicles
Global Technical Regulation
Nha NguyenU.S. Department of Transportation
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Background• In 2009, The U.S., Japan and Germany co-sponsored a working group to
develop a Global Technical Regulation (GTR) Under the United Nations 1998 Agreement.
• The working group consisted of governments participants from China, European Union, Korea, Canada and India; and industry participants from standard organizations, automobile and component manufacturers
• In June 2013, Phase 1 was completed, establishing GTR No. 13: Contracting Parties under the 1998 Agreement are obligated to start an adoption process of GTR No.13 into their national regulations
http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29glob_registry.html
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Compresses Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle
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HydrogenStorage
HydrogenStorage
1. High pressure fuel container system2. Fuel system at vehicle level: in-use and post-crash hydrogen leakage limits 3. Electrical integrity of high voltage system: in-use and post-crash
Verification test for Baseline Metrics
• Baseline Initial Burst Pressure Test– Burst pressure within ±10% of BP0– Burst pressure ≥ BPmin of 225% NWP
• Baseline Initial Pressure Cycling Test– Pressure cycle for 22,000 cycles without rupture
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Verification Test for Performance Durability (Sequential hydraulic cycling tests)
Number of cycles is specified by individual contracting party (5,500, 7,500 and 11,000) 1. Proof pressure test 2. Drop (impact) test3. Surface damage4. Chemical exposure 5. ambient temperature pressure
cycling tests6. High temperature static pressure
test7. Extreme temperature pressure
cycling8. Residual proof pressure test (180%
NWP for 4 mins)9. Residual strength burst test (within
20% of BPo)
5
+85C
Pres
sure
Dam
age
Drop
time
BPO<20%
ResidualStrength
Che
mic
als
48 hr
60% #Cycles15C-25C
chemicalexposure 150% NWP
burst
125%NWP
180%NWP(30 sec)
1000 hr+85C
20% #Cycles-40C
20% #Cycles10cycles15-25C
Proo
f Pre
ssur
e
80%NWP
180% NWP(4 min)
Verification Test for On-Road Performance (Sequential pneumatic/hydraulic cycling tests)
Number of cycles: 500
1. Proof pressure test2. Ambient and extreme temperature gas
pressure cycling test (pneumatic)3. Extreme temperature static gas pressure
leak/permeation test (pneumatic)4. Residual proof test (180% NWP for 4 mins)5. Residual strength burst test (hydraulic) –
Within 20% of BPo
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cb
Proo
f Pr
essu
re
5% cy -40Ca
5% cy +50Cb
40%cy 15-25Cc
180%NWP30 sec
150%NWP
+55oC +55oC a
Pres
sure
time
BurstBurst
<20%
125%NWP
Leak
/ Per
mea
tion
>30
hrs
a Fuel/defuel cycles @-40oC with initial system equilibration @ -40oC, 5 cycles with +20oC fuel; 5 cycles with <-35oC fuelb Fuel/defuel cycles @+50oC with initial system equilibration @+50oC, 5 cycles with <-35oC fuelc Fuel/defuel cycles @15-25oC with service (maintenance) defuel rate, 50 cycles
5% cy -40C5% cy +50C40%cy 15-25C
Leak
/ Per
mea
tion
>30
hrs
115%NWP80%NWP
ba
180% NWP(4 min)
Combining Localized and Engulfing Fire
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A hydrogen storage system is pressurized to NWP and exposed to fire. A temperature-activated pressure relief device shall release the contained gases in a controlled manner without rupture.
Fire Test Profile
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1
600o C
800o C
Localized Fire Exposure
Engulfing Fire
Minutes1311
300o C
3
MinTemp
Localized AreaEngulfing Region
Outside Localized Area (burner ramp rate)
Ignite Main
Burner
0
Fuel System Requirements
• Fuel System Integrity:– Fuel Receptacle and Label requirements– PRD requirements– Exhaust requirements
• In-use fuel leakage:– Warning tell-tale at 2±1% of Hydrogen concentration in enclosed
spaces• Post-crash leakage:
– Less than 3±1% of Hydrogen concentration in enclosed spaces
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Electrical Safety
• In-Use requirements:– Protection from high voltage shock
• Absence of high voltage• Isolation resistance • Barrier • label
– Isolation resistance monitoring system– Functional safety
• Post-crash requirements:– Protection from high voltage shock– Battery leakage and retention
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Status of GTR Adoption
• Adopted:– EU transposed GTR into UN-ECE– Japan– Korea
• The U.S. is currently preparing a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM):– Completed a series of fuel tank tests to validate the test procedures– NPRM is expected in 2017
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GTR Phase 2
• Phase 2 GTR is expected to start early 2017– Material compatibility– Stress rupture– Electric safety– Improve current test procedures– Potential scope revision to include other vehicle
classes
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HFCV GTR NO. 13
HYDROGEN RESEARCH PRIORITY WORKSHOP
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