8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
1/29
Hydraulic Ram
And Transient Analysis
Presented ByArnab Das
2011CEW3394
Under GuidanceDr. Rakesh Khosa
IIT Delhi
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
2/29
What is a Hydraulic Ram?
The hydraulic ram pump may be defined
as a self-acting device that uses the energy of
a large volume of water falling from a
higher location (relative to the ram) and
passing through it, to lift a small volume to a
location significantly higher than the source
of water.
It works on the principle of Water Hammer.
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
3/29
How a Hydraulic Ram works?
When a flowing liquid is suddenly brought to
rest, the change in momentum of the liquid
mass causes a sudden rise in pressure. Thisrise in pressure is utilized to raise a portion
of the liquid to higher level, thus harnessing
the force of water hammer.
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
4/29
Where a Hydraulic Ram works?
http://www.meribah-ram-pump.com/index1.aspx8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
5/29
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM -HYDRAULIC RAM
Fall(Drive head)
Lift(Delivery head)
Supply pipe
Drive tank
Drive pipeHydraulicRampump
Delivery pipe
Source (river, stream, spring)Service area/Storagefacility (not shown)
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
6/29
A working Hydraulic Ram
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
7/29
Working Sequence-1
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
8/29
Working Sequence-2
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
9/29
Working Sequence-3
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
10/29
Working Sequence-4
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
11/29
Parts of a Hydraulic Ram
Air chamber
Impulse valve
Body
Feet
Delivery pipe stub
Delivery valve
Drive pipe stub
Air snifter
Different forms, same substance
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
12/29
The Waste Valve
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
13/29
Characteristics of a Hydraulic Ram
Water-Lifting System
1. There is no external energy input other than theenergy of water passing through the pump.
2. Its operation will continue 24 hours a day and
seven days a week without human interventionso long as the required volume of watercontinues to flow through it
3. Water has to come from a higher location than
a ram4. Only a small portion of this water (around 25 %
or even less) is pumped up, the remainderpassing out of the ram and must be drained toa lower location
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
14/29
Characteristics of a Hydraulic Ram
Water-Lifting System
5. The water can be lifted to an extent of 1:10i.e. for a head of 1m, the lift can be achievedupto 30m but with progressively lowerefficiency.
6. Due to the rams small output per minute,there is need for a storage device at thepoint of delivery to accumulate this outputon a 24-hour basis, e.g. an earthen pond forirrigation or ferrocement, metal, or plastictank for drinking water.
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
15/29
History
The first self-acting ram pump was invented by the
Frenchman Joseph Michel Montgolfier in 1796 forraising water in his paper mill (Montgolfier is more
popularly known for his work in hot-air balloons).
The sons of Montgolfier obtained an English patentfor an improved version in 1816 but this wasacquired, in 1820 by Josiah Easton, a Somerset-bornengineer whose firm later installed many rams whichare still working satisfactorily.
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
16/29
Ram Pumps in the 21stcentury
In recent years there has been a resurgence ofinterest in hydraulic rams, particularly in developingcountries, due to the continuing rise in fossil-fuel
prices.
In India, Vietnam, and China their governments areactive in constructing hydraulic ram systems and in
disseminating the technology to the countryside forirrigation and drinking water.
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
17/29
Technical Discussions
The valve will open however light it may besince the pressure in the valve box is reducedbelow that of the atmosphere by the refluxaction of the water on its rebound.
Air is being drawn through air snifting valve
into the valve box when the pressure fallsbelow the atmosphere.
contd
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
18/29
Technical Discussions
Force tending to Open the Valve=(Atm Pressure-Pressure inside Valve) + Wt ofValve
Force tending to close the Valve=(Transient Pressure Atm Pressure) Wt ofValve
- Open time will tend to increase as the Wtincreases
Contd..
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
19/29
Technical Discussions
For all practical purposes, the valve openingmay be considered as Instantaneous.
Velocity of Flow in supply pipe after t secs:
Contd...
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
20/29
Technical Discussions
- For efficient working, wt of the valve shouldbe such that velocity in pipe is 0.4h
dft/sec.
- The time taken by valve to close cannot becalculated accurately but increases when thelift and wt of valve increases
- Time during which valve is on its seat
increase with increase in the distancebetween delivery head and waste valve;and as delivery head increases.
Contd...
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
21/29
Technical Discussions
Ram Efficiency
= qhd/ (Q+q)H
DAubuissonsFormula
= q(hd-H)/ QHRankinesFormula
Sources of Loss:
1. Leakage at waste valve
2. Resistance of valve and Pipe3. Eddy formation due to section change
4. Loss of resilient energy
Contd...
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
22/29
Technical Discussions
Increasing the travel of waste valve, increases thevelocity of efflux and the time of opening andtherefore the leakage but at the same time
increases the pressure which translate into higherdelivery head. A point is reached where increasedleakage losses counter-balance the proportionalgain of energy.
The volume of Air Chamber should be approx 100times the volume of water delivered per cycle
Contd...
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
23/29
Actual Performance Chart
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
24/29
Efficiency Chart for Head of 4.5ft
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
25/29
MY OBJECTIVE
1. Construction of a hydraulic Ram
model2. Validation of experimental data
through numerical modelling
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
26/29
References:
1. Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application
- Dr. Abiy Awoke Tessema, Ethiopia (ATF)
2. Hydrauli c Ram Pumps - A Guide to Ram Pumps Water Supply System
- Jeffery, T. D., Intermediate Technology Publ ications
3. Theory and Applications of H ydrams
- S. Hazarika, Technical Digest (no. 10, 2007)
4. Hyraulic Ram Pump
- Teferi Taye (Journal of ESME, Jul98, Etiopia)
5. Downstream Hydraulic Transients in combined Free Sur face and
Pressured flow in Pipes
- Nathan Faber (Thesis, Californ ia State University)
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
27/29
References:
6. Design and Construction of Hydraulic Ram Pump
- Shuaibu Mohammed, Leonardo Journal (no. 11, 2007), Niger ia
7. Water Power Engineer ing
- Dnadhar, M. M . and Sharma, K.N. , Vikas Publication House
8. Hydraulic Machines
- Jagdish Lal, Dhanpat Rai and Sons Publication
9. F luid Mechanics and Hyraul ic Machines
- Bansal, R. K. , Luxmi Publications
10. Hydaul ics and its Appli cations
- Gibson, A. H ., Constable and Company Ltd. (London)
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
28/29
Multiple-ram set up
Six 4-inch hydraulic rams with a combined output of more than 300,000 liters
per day irrigate around 35 hectares of farmland in central Negros Occidental.
8/13/2019 Hydraulic Ram 19.09.12
29/29
Top Related