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HUMAN MACHINE INTERACTIONIN AVIATION
Aysen K. Taylor and T. StevenCotter
Old Dominion University
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How to improve Human Intelligence(HI) and Machine Intelligence (MI)interaction?
What interfaces are best?
Structure of shared HI-MIauthority?
How to coordinate HI and MI to
maximize desired outcomes?
Agenda
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Previous research emphasizedmodeling HI and transferring human
decision making to MI
More study needed on transferringmachine knowledge to the humandecision making domain
Better integration of HI and MI
will improve efficiency,effectiveness, and safety
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Problems with Current AutomationDesigns
Humans are poor monitors of highlyreliable automated systems(Bainbridge, 1983)
Automated systems in aviation haveflawed interfaces with pilots(Durso et al, 2011)
Machines must determine the stateof their human operators monitoringthem and self adjust (Parasuraman,2013)
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Automated systems are inherentlyinflexible in many situations (Boy,
2011) Scerbo (2007), separated adaptiveautomation into two types;Adaptable systems are those were
the user changes the presentationmodes or functions of the system.Adaptive systems are those wereboth the user and system can make
alterations in the state of thesystem
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Why does this matter?
Air France A330, registration F-GZCPCharles de Gaulle airport
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June 1st, 2009
Air France A330, registration F-GZCPAtlantic Ocean
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Captain Sullenberger
"This Air France accident is going tobe a seminal accident that will bestudied for years, and we need to askourselves as an industry toughquestions about the way we'redesigning airplanes, the way we'redisplaying information to the pilots
in the cockpit. And about whether ornot making airplanes morecomplicated, more technologicallyadvanced makes it more difficult for
pilots to very quickly intervene and
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MI-HI Interfaces
Automation interfaces must presentdata allowing users to easilyinterpret and process the
information (Gavrilova & Tan, 2009) Adaptive automation cansignificantly improve performance(Parasuraman & Wilson, 2008)
Current cockpit automation can makeit difficult for pilots tounderstand the state of their
aircraft during emergencies
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Research Objectives
Develop MI-HI Autopilot (MHA)to
support and monitor human operatorsduring all phases of flight
Automation will provide guidance oncurrent state of the aircraft
MHA will monitor crews actions usingits own decision making process
MHA will reduce errors of omissionfrom the pilot such as failing to act
or intervene effectively when required MHA will randomly check with the pilotto ensure they are engaged with theflight and aware what the automation
is doing
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Proposed Methods
PC based simulation of airliner
Custom software interfaced withsimulation to add new MI-HI
capabilities in specific scenariossuch as loss of control at highaltitude
Data displayed to pilot will self-adjust based on what information ismost relevant based on a hierarchyof importance given the current
circumstances
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Questions?
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