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Contemporary Issues in Health
and Exercise
HPP301
Week Six
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Learning Outcomes
Recap on amotivation
Facilitating motivation and behaviour change
External regulation Applied example of facilitating motivation
Presentation assignments
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Amotivation
Little or no motivation to attempt the behaviour
Relative absence of motivation where a lack ofcontingency between actions and outcomes isperceived and reasons for continuing involvement
cannot be found May be the results of feelings of inadequacy
Four proposed factors (Shen et al) Ability
Environment
Strategy
Effort
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Continuum of Motivation
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External Regulation
Bottom of the pile of motivational regulations
Highly extrinsically controlled
Dependent on external influence for action
So it is a bad thing?
Some motivation is better than none
Move from amotivation to externally motivated
Crossing the threshold of motivation
Ill exercise if I really have to
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External Regulation
Behaviour controlled by rewards or threats
Coercion and manipulation
Examples from exercise and health?
Group task In pairs
How many clients/client groups are amotivated or externallyregulated in health, exercise, fitness or sport?
Exercise referral
Cardiac rehabilitation classes Smoking cessation classes
Weight loss programmes
Children (sport as crche)
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Group Task
In pairs
Come up with a list of every possible external
regulation
Anything goes
Try to mine down into the concepts
E.g. rewards
Avoid introjected concepts E.g. guilt, shame
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External Tools
Rewards (bonuses)
Threats (implicit or explicit)
Token economies (star charts) Targets (goals?)
Wages or opportunity cost
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Rewards
So should we reward at all?
If so how?
Next task
Develop the list into appropriate and
inappropriate reward examples
Who are these appropriate for?
Why are they appropriate?
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Managing Rewards
First question
What is the reward for?
Work through your list and name the specific target for
each selected reward
Who sets the target?
Second question
What is the perceived outcome? Who sets the criteria for success?
Is success achievable?
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Goal Setting Task
Strong links with goal setting skills SMARTER
Outcome, performance, process
Consider something about your lie that youwould like to change Ideally exercise related
Explain this to a partner
Set an outcome, performance and process goal foreach other
Agree on the initial step
Agree on the reward regime
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Summary
Rewards can be
Appropriate
Motivating
But external rewards are
Short-lived
Subject to diminishing returns
Undermining to autonomy
Inhibitory to intrinsic motivation
Damaging to feelings of incompetence
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Presentation Assignment
Preparation
Let me know the target group
Construct an intervention to improve the exercise
participation, physical activity, nutrition or health-related outcome for that group
Ensure that your interventions are based on theory
Marking criteria
Use of theory Presentation skills
Intervention viability
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