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This project is part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI). The German Federal Ministry for the
Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) supports this initiative on the
basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Perspectives and challenges for renewable energy deployment in UNECE Region.
UNECE Committee on Sustainable Energy, 24th session, 18. - 20. November 2015, Geneva
Oliver Frank, Head of Division Renewable Energy and Energy-Efficient Mobility
Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena) - German Energy Agency
How can a competitive market for
renewable energy be improved?
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Insights.
How can a competitive market for renewable energy be improved? 19.11.2015
• Objectives of the report.
• Analytical background: Structure matters!
• Overview: Access to electricity market and promotion schemes in force.
• Status of technology development in UNECE Region.
• Case studies.
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Objectives of the report.
19.11.2015
• Different mechanisms and instruments promote the introduction of renewable energies.
• However, underlying political, economic, technical and social key factors determine the
initial situation of each energy market and have a strong influence on the future
perspectives of each technology and field of application.
• Against this background, the report
• examines the status of selected technologies and applications in all UNECE member
states and policy instruments in force as well as trends in international RE
development.
• gives an overview of which policies and measures may work in different contexts.
• Furthermore, case studies from six selected countries (Albania, France, Germany,
Kazakhstan, Turkey, USA ) highlight lessons learned and future challenges as well as
possible strategies or pathways.
• Proposals: Activities to exchange best practices within UNECE GERE.
How can a competitive market for renewable energy be improved?
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Structure matters: There is not the „one blueprint“ for
successful energy transition.
How can a competitive market for renewable energy be improved? 19.11.2015
Sourc
e: d
ena.
5
Example: Average prices for private households (incl. taxes).
How can a competitive market for renewable energy be improved? 19.11.2015
Albania Armenia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belgium
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Bulgaria Canada
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary Iceland
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Kazakhstan
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Malta
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
UK
USA
Uzbekistan
Average x: 24954 y: 14.38
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1.000 4.000 16.000 64.000
€c/kWh (2014)
GDP/capita [€] (2014)
OECD
Non OECD
Data
sourc
es: E
uro
sta
t, World
Bank a
nd o
ther.
6 19.11.2015
Example: Average electricity prices 2014 (incl. taxes).
non OECD non OECD
Total
Total
OECD
OECD
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Household Averages Industry Averages
€c/kWh
How can a competitive market for renewable energy be improved?
Data
sourc
es: E
uro
sta
t and o
ther.
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Policy landscape: market access and promotion schemes.
How can a competitive market for renewable energy be improved? 19.11.2015
Measures UNECE member countries that
have measures in force*
Official expansion goals 44
Grid access 30
Grid access with capacity limits 12
Priority feed-in for renewables 27
Feed-in tariff or premium 41
Renewable Portfolio Standard / Quota System 11
Green certificates 10
Auctions 11
Tenders 14
Net Metering / Net Billing 11
Investment incentives / tax benefits / subsidies 44
*Not included: Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino
Sourc
e: d
ena a
nd o
ther.
8
Status of Photovoltaics in UNECE Region.
How can a competitive market for renewable energy be improved? 19.11.2015
Luxembourg
Macedonia Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden Switzerland
Turkey UK US
Belgium
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
Austria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Lithuania
Serbia
Slovakia
Ukraine
1 %
10 %
100 %
1000 %
0,01 % 0,10 % 1,00 % 10,00 %
CA
GR
20
11
-14
Share of total generation capacity
Diameter of bubbles
corresponds to total
capacity in 2014 OECD
Non OECD
Strong market
development
High share
Data
sourc
es: IR
EN
A, E
IA a
nd o
ther.
9
Status of Wind-Onshore in UNECE Region.
How can a competitive market for renewable energy be improved? 19.11.2015
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Turkey UK
US
Azerbaijan
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
Austria
Czech Republic
Estonia
Finland
France Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Portugal
Ukraine
-5 %
0 %
5 %
10 %
15 %
20 %
25 %
30 %
35 %
40 %
45 %
50 %
1 % 1 % 2 % 4 % 8 % 16 % 32 %
CA
GR
20
11
-14
Share of total generation capacity
0,5
Diameter of bubbles
corresponds to total
capacity in 2014
OECD
Non OECD
Strong market
development
High share
Data
sourc
es: IR
EN
A, E
IA a
nd o
ther.
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Case study: Turkey.
How can a competitive market for renewable energy be improved? 19.11.2015
• Share of renewable energies in total power generation: 4 % of total power generation (excl.
hydropower, 2013).
• Technologies: Mainly hydro, wind and PV, other resources play a minor role; 1 GW of geothermal
capacity for heat generation.
• Latest policy developments: Renewable Energy Action Plan, based on several previous
strategic guidelines:
• Feed-in tariff (Currency USD) and Net-metering
• Local content
• Legal framework for private sector electricity generation
• Tenders
• January 2015 release of 2015-2019 Strategic Plan, aims at fostering even more private sector
investment
• Challenges / Outlook:
• Bring Turkey’s energy strategy in line with the EU’s 2009 Renewables Directive
• Turkey’s grid needs more technical and administrative measures to guarantee grid connection for
increasing number of large scale RE
• Continuous monitoring of level of FiT and its structure
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Case study: Kazakhstan.
How can a competitive market for renewable energy be improved? 19.11.2015
• Share of renewable energies in total power generation: 0.62 % (excl. hydropower, 2014).
• Technologies: Mainly hydro, 50 MW of wind, 35 MW of PV; no RE heat (excl. traditional bioenergy).
• Latest policy developments: Presidential edict “On the Concept of the Transition of The Republic
of Kazakhstan to a Green Economy”
• RE targets
• FiT
• RE producers exempt from paying for transmission
• Grid operators (electricity and heat) have to offtake any renewable energy generated
• Financial support programme for small-scale RE systems
• Challenges / Outlook:
• Currently very low share of “new” RE
• Absence of pilot and reference projects
• Lack of experience in implementing RE projects, with offtake contracts and financing
• Little social acceptance
• Uncertainty about the development of tariffs
• No technical norms or quality control systems for the use of RE
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Thank you for your attention!
How can a competitive market for renewable energy be improved? 19.11.2015
Oliver Frank
Head of Division Renewable Energy and Energy-Efficient Mobility
Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena) - German Energy Agency
Chausseestraße 128 a, 10115 Berlin, Germany
Tel: +49(0)30 72 61 65-680
Fax: +49(0)30 72 61 65-699
E-Mail: [email protected]
Internet: www.dena.de
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