November 17, 2010
HOT-221 Salinity Report Page 1 of 12
HOT-221 Salinity Measurements
Cammy Fumar
SUMMARY
Salinity samples for HOT-221 were collected from May 17th
– May 21st, 2010 aboard the R/V Ka’Imikai-O-Kanaloa and
measured in the MSB 427 lab using a Guildline Autosal 8400B from May 24th
– May 28th
, 2010. Thermosalinograph
samples and primary salinity samples were measured May 24th
– May 27th
, 2010 by Cammy Fumar. Duplicate samples
were measured on May 28th
, 2010 by Bo Keopaseut followed by 20 additional samples for Todd Ericksen from the
Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP).
For the HOT-221 salinity run, Autosal SN63903 was used. During the standardization process, two IAPSO standards
were used and accepted; the SKS was changed from 197 to 189 for HOT-221. The maximum difference in salinity
between the IAPSO measurement used for standardization and the IAPSO measured at the end of the run was 0.3 mpsu.
Based on the IAPSO measurements during the HOT-221 run the salinometer was stable.
A total of 27 substandards were measured during the salinity measurement run to detect for possible drift in instrument
electronics. Of the 27 substandards, two outliers were removed due to operator error and the third because it was one
mpsu lower than the average for the substandard samples during this run. The first two outliers appeared during the first
session; the vent tube of the substandard carboy got stuck when opened and therefore remained semi-closed during the
preparation of the first and second substandards. This reduced the flow rate of the substandard water and most likely
resulted in higher than expected salinities for the first two samples. Substandard Batch #46 was created on December 7th
,
2009 by Paul Lethaby and used for the fourth time. The mean salinity for the 24 substandard water samples was 34.4736
psu with a standard deviation of 0.3 mpsu.
For the HOT-221 salinity run, a second batch of seawater (221-standard) was prepared to use alongside the substandard
water. The 221-standards were made from water collected on HOT-221, from Station 2 Cast 11 at 1020 dbars, and made
on May 24th
by Bo Keopaseut and Cammy Fumar. A total of 31 221-standards were measured during the salinity
measurement run to further detect for possible drift in instrument electronics. Four outliers appeared during the
measurements of the 221-standards, one in sessions #1, #2, #3 and #6. The apparent outliers in sessions 3 and 6 were
removed first. These outliers had at least three attempts and were removed due to their possible contamination. The
outliers from sessions 1 and 2 had salinity values 1 mpsu higher than the mean. They were then removed giving a mean
salinity and standard deviation of 34.4837 psu and 0.4 mpsu for the 27 221-standard water samples.
The mean difference between the duplicates and primary samples from the first deep-cast (S2C4) was 0.1 mpsu with a
standard deviation of 0.5 mpsu. There were two outliers; bottle 3 from the duplicates and bottle 12 from the primary
samples. These samples may have been contaminated during sampling or upon opening; bottle #3 -duplicate sample had
3 conductivity readings and bottle #12 -primary sample had 4 conductivity readings. These outliers were removed due to
their possible contamination giving a mean salinity difference of 0.1 mpsu and a standard deviation of 0.45 mpsu.
Additional samples were run for Todd Ericksen following the duplicate measurements. Four substandard samples, five
221-standard samples, and one IAPSO were used to ensure the stability of the Autosal during this session. No CTD data
was available to plot the salinity bottles against. A majority of the bottles were noted as having wet caps and salty rims,
this has shown to be a possible area for contamination. Only two bottles had more than three measurement attempts.
The mean room temperature and standard deviation of the HOT-221 run was 23.15°C ± 0.39°C. Temperature can be
seen to rise from its diurnal low point in the morning at the start of each session. Temperature generally rises throughout
the day to a maximum, followed by cooling during nighttime hours when the building is not occupied.
November 17, 2010
HOT-221 Salinity Report Page 2 of 12
1. AUTOSAL STANDARDIZATION
At the beginning of this measurement session the Autosal 8400B was standardized by Paul Lethaby to an IAPSO
Seawater Standard (Batch P150, 2xK15 = 1.99956, S = 34.991 psu, date = May 22nd
, 2008). The Autosal water bath
temperature was set to 24°C and the initial room temperature was 23.0 °C.
The first IAPSO measurement gave two consecutive conductivity ratio readings of 1.999614 and 1.999620. The average
of these two (1.999617) was higher than the expected conductivity ratio of 1.999560, the standardization SKS knob
setting was changed from 197 to 189. Another reading of the same IAPSO bottle was taken immediately after changing
the SKS giving a reading of 1.999562. A second IAPSO was then measured giving two consecutive readings of
1.999602 and 1.999582. The average of these two (1.999592) confirmed the salinometer was standardized; the SKS of
189 was accepted.
To monitor for possible drift in the instrument electronics during the measurement run, two additional IAPSO standards
were measured. One IAPSO standard was measured at the end of the primary samples in session 5 and another at the end
of the duplicate samples in session 6. The conductivity ratios and salinities for the IAPSO standard used for
standardization and the subsequent IAPSO after standardization are reported in Table 1. The maximum difference in
salinity between the IAPSO standards was 0.6 mpsu.
Table 1: HOT-221 IAPSO Standards: May 24th
– May 28th
, 2010
Vial # Date (UTC) Batch K15 2 x K15 IAPSO Salinity
(psu)
Observed
Reading
Calculated Salinity
(psu)
1 05/24/10 21:27 P150 0.99978 1.99956 34.991 1.999562 34.9914
2 05/24/10 21:42 P150 0.99978 1.99956 34.991 1.999592 34.9920
3 05/27/10 23:37 P150 0.99978 1.99956 34.991 1.999579 34.9917
4 05/28/10 23:23 P150 0.99978 1.99956 34.991 1.999580 34.9917
2a. ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY STANDARD
The use of secondary standard seawater (substandards) allows for more frequent monitoring of the possible drift or offset
in the salinometer electronics than could be afforded with the IAPSO standards. Secondary standard seawater
(Substandard) Batch #46, which was created on December 7th
, 2009 by Paul Lethaby, was used for the fourth time. The
water was collected on August 19th
, 2009 from S2C12 at 1020 dbar during HOT-214 and stored in a 60 L plastic carboy,
which was covered with black plastic to inhibit biological growth.
Measurements of the substandard seawater were made at the beginning and end of every session, and approximately
every 24-30 samples in between. Throughout the HOT-221 salinity run 27 substandard samples were measured (see
Table 2). Two outliers were removed from the first session due to obvious sampling error. The vent tube of the
substandard carboy got stuck when opened and therefore remained semi-closed during the drawing of the first and
second substandards. This reduced the flow rate of the substandard water and most likely resulted in higher than
expected salinities for the first two samples. The third outlier was removed because it was one mpsu lower than the mean
salinity for this run.
The maximum difference between substandard measurements of sessions 1–6 was 1.6 mpsu. Figure 1a shows the
measurements of the HOT-221 substandard water before the outliers were removed. Figure 1b shows the measurements
after the outliers were removed. The relatively high substandard readings seen in session #6 was from the duplicate
measurement session (see Section 4). Results from individual substandard measurements are presented in Table 2.
Session-by-session statistics for HOT-221 substandard measurements are listed in Table 3. Results from previous runs of
Batch #46 are also listed.
November 17, 2010
HOT-221 Salinity Report Page 3 of 12
Table 2: HOT-221 Substandard Values
Session Date Salinity (psu)
1 05/24/10 34.4744*
1 34.4742*
1 34.4734
1 34.4734
1 34.4736
1 34.4738
1 34.4736
2 05/25/10 34.4734
2 34.4734
2 34.4736
2 34.4736
2 34.4734
3 05/26/10 34.4732
3 34.4734
3 34.4736
3 34.4738
4 05/26/10 34.4726*
4 34.4734
4 34.4736
5 05/27/10 34.4732
5 34.4742
5 34.4734
5 34.4738
6 05/28/10 34.4738
6 34.4740
6 34.4742
6 34.4740
* Outliers
Table 3: Variation of Substandard Seawater (Batch #46)
Session Cruise Date Mean Salinity and
standard deviation (psu)
Number
Outliers
Total
1 HOT-221 05/24/10 34.4736 ± 0.0002 5 2 7
2 HOT-221 05/25/10 34.4735 ± 0.0001 5 0 5
3 HOT-221 05/26/10 34.4735 ± 0.0003 4 0 4
4 HOT-221 05/26/10 34.4732 ± 0.0005 2 1 3
5 HOT-221 05/27/10 34.4736 ± 0.0004 4 0 4
6 HOT-221 05/28/10 34.4740 ± 0.0002 4 0 4
TOTAL HOT-221 05/24/10-05/28/10 34.4736 ± 0.0003 24 3 27
HOT-220 04/12/10-04/16/10 34.4737 ± 0.0004 25 0 25
HOT-219 03/15/10-03/19/10 34.4732 ± 0.0002 29 5 34
HOT-217 12/15/09-12/21/09 34.4719 ± 0.0004 37 0 37
*HOT-218 was cancelled
November 17, 2010
HOT-221 Salinity Report Page 4 of 12
Figure 1a. HOT-221 Secondary Standard Measurements with no outliers removed. The center dotted line represents
the mean salinity of the secondary standards and the upper and lower dotted lines indicate ±1 mpsu about the mean.
Figure 1b. HOT-221 Secondary Standard Measurements with the outliers removed. The center dotted line represents
the mean salinity of the secondary standards and the upper and lower dotted lines indicate ±1 mpsu about the mean.
November 17, 2010
HOT-221 Salinity Report Page 5 of 12
2b. ANALYSIS OF 221-STANDARD
A second batch of seawater was prepared to use alongside the substandard water to further detect possible drift in
instrument electronics. The water was collected on May 19th
, 2010 from S2C11 at 1020 dbar during HOT-221 and stored
in a 60 L plastic carboy. The water was well mixed with a peristaltic pump for 30 minutes before being bottled by Bo
Keopaseut and Cammy Fumar on May 24th
, 2010. The water was termed 221-standard water.
Measurements of the 221-standard water were made in the beginning and end of every session and roughly every 24 to
30 samples in between. Throughout the HOT-221 salinity run 31 substandards were measured (see Table 4). Results of
the 221-standard measurements before outliers were removed are shown in Fig. 1c. The results after the outliers were
removed are shown in Fig. 1d. Two outliers were removed from the analysis due to possible contamination, one from
session 3 and the other from session 6. The first 221-standard sample in session 3 had four attempts and was noted to
not be used in the analysis due to possible contamination. The third 221-standard sample in session 6 was 7.8 mpsu
higher than the mean for the 221-standard water and had three attempts and was also removed. After they were removed,
another two outliers were removed, these samples were more than one mpsu higher than the average.
The maximum difference between 221-standard measurements of session 1–6 was 1.2 mpsu after the outliers were
removed. Results from individual substandard measurements are presented in Table 4. Session-by-session statistics for
HOT-221 substandard measurements are listed in Table 5.
November 17, 2010
HOT-221 Salinity Report Page 6 of 12
Table 4: 221-Standard Values
Session Date Salinity (psu)
1 05/24/10 34.4840
1 34.4834
1 34.4834
1 34.4834
1 34.4852*
1 34.4844
1 34.4834
2 05/25/10 34.4836
2 34.4832
2 34.4838
2 34.4852*
2 34.4838
3 05/26/10 34.4871*
3 34.4832
3 34.4834
3 34.4836
3 34.4840
4 05/26/10 34.4836
4 34.4832
4 34.4840
5 05/27/10 34.4836
5 34.4836
5 34.4842
5 34.4844
5 34.4834
6 05/28/10 34.4840
6 34.4832
6 34.4917*
6 34.4836
6 34.4834
6 34.4838
* Outliers
Table 5: Variation of 221-Standard Seawater
Session Cruise Date Mean Salinity and
standard deviation (psu) Number Outliers Total
1 HOT-221 05/24/10 34.4839 ± 0.0007 7 0 7
2 HOT-221 05/25/10 34.4839 ± 0.0008 5 0 5
3 HOT-221 05/26/10 34.4836 ± 0.0003 4 1 5
4 HOT-221 05/26/10 34.4836 ± 0.0004 3 0 3
5 HOT-221 05/27/10 34.4838 ± 0.0004 5 0 5
6 HOT-221 05/28/10 34.4836 ± 0.0003 5 1 6
TOTAL HOT-221 05/24/10-05/28/10 34.4838 ± 0.0003 27 4 31
November 17, 2010
HOT-221 Salinity Report Page 7 of 12
Figure 1c. 221-Standard Measurements with no outliers removed. The center dotted line represents the mean salinity of
the 221-standard and the upper and lower dotted lines indicate ±1 mpsu about the mean.
Figure 1d. 221-Standard Measurements with the outliers removed. The center dotted line represents the mean salinity
of the 221-standard and the upper and lower dotted lines indicate ±1 mpsu about the mean.
November 17, 2010
HOT-221 Salinity Report Page 8 of 12
3. QUALITY CONTROL
The salinity bottle data results are reported in the Appendix located at the end of the report. The salinity bottle data
results are presented in Figures 2.01.01–2.02.17 and 02.06.01. Bottle data are plotted versus depth with the nominally
calibrated 2 dbar averaged CTD upcast data for each cast to check for possible outliers.
Two obvious outliers were present in S2C11. Three salinity samples were taken for this cast from 5 dbar, 510 dbar, and
1020 dbar. The two deeper samples, at 510 dbar and 1020 dbar, had higher salinity values by 0.4919 psu and 0.4911 psu
than the values recorded by the CTD. As the CTD only stopped at 5 depths during this cast, the possibility that the
samples were taken from the wrong Niskin bottle during sampling was ruled out. The other two depths that Niskins were
closed at were at 125 dbar and 200 dbar where salinity at these depths were both above 35 psu.
Further investigation for S2C11 revealed from the autosal data files that the standby numbers were higher when these
two samples had been measured. The standby numbers recorded were 7522 and 7521 for the samples in questions
compared with 5438, the standby number throughout the measurement run. A change in standby number can be caused
by a shift in electronics during the run or by a change in the Standardization Knob Setting. Another way that this number
can change is if the suppression knob is not fully turned and seated in its next position. This is not easy to do but is
possible. In the salinity measurement run the sample measured prior to the first outlier was from 5 dbar from the
previous cast (S2C10#3). Water from this depth during HOT-221 was above 35 psu and so the suppression knob would
have been turned up for this sample. When the sample from 1020 dbar from S2C11 was measured the suppression knob
would have been turned down. It is suspected that at this point the knob was not sufficiently turned resulting in a higher
standby number which was not noticed by the operator at the time of the measurement. The 510 dbar sample was
measured next followed by the 5 dbar sample. At this point the suppression knob would have been turned back up and
seated correctly and the standby number returned to the correct value.
By turning the suppression knob midway we were able to reproduce the false standby numbers during a test on
June 15th
, 2010. The brief change in standby number affected only these two samples. There was no evidence that
the salinometer had a sudden change in electronics that would have impacted the HOT-221 salinities.
S2C11 was an open cast and salinities were only taken for calibration purposes, these outliers will be flagged as bad and
will not be used in the calibrations. A more objective quality control is done after calibrating the CTD salinity against the
bottle samples.
4. DUPLICATE SESSION RESULTS
Twenty-four duplicate salinity samples were collected from the first deep cast at Station ALOHA and compared to the
primary salinity samples taken from the same cast in order to confirm the quality of the primary data and to test the
operator's results (Figures 3a – 3c).
The top graph in Figure 3a shows the results for primary and duplicate salinity samples plotted along with the CTD
salinity profile from S2C4 with no outliers removed. This graph helps to identify outliers that are different from the
CTD salinity profile but possess similar primary and duplicate sample values. The differences between duplicate and
primary salinity are shown in the lower plots of Figures 3a – 3c.
Salinity differences between primary and duplicate samples ranged between -6.2 mpsu and 10.0 mpsu, with a mean and
standard deviation of 0.25 mpsu ± 2.5 mpsu (Figure 3a). Two outliers were removed due to possible sample
contamination. Duplicate #3 and primary sample #12 were removed as outliers after initial processing. Both samples
took more than two readings to obtain a measurement; thismay indicate that the sample was contaminated upon opening.
Bottle 3-duplicate sample had 3 attempts and was 9.8 mpsu higher than the mean salinity difference. Bottle 12-primary
sample had 4 attempts and was 5.8 lower than the mean salinity difference. After the outliers were removed the salinity
difference ranged between -0.9 mpsu and 0.8 mpsu with a mean and standard deviation of 0.1 mpsu ± 0.45 mpsu
November 17, 2010
HOT-221 Salinity Report Page 9 of 12
(Figures 3b and 3c). The mean differences and standard deviations from this and previous cruises without outliers are
listed in Table 6.
The substandard samples measured during the duplicate session (session 6) were offset, higher than those run during the
primary sessions. This offset, however, was not seen in the duplicate samples or 221-standard samples. We believe this
offset may be due to a difference in operator technique. The IAPSO ran at the end of the primary samples and duplicate
samples suggests that the Autosal was functioning normally for the entire salinity run. No corrections will be applied to
the salinity measurements during session #6.
Table 6: Duplicate salinity bottle session statistics
Cruise
Mean Difference and Standard
Deviation
(duplicate - primary, mpsu)
Number of Outliers First Operator Second Operator
HOT-221 0.10 ± 0.45 2 C. Fumar B. Keopaseut
HOT-220 0.35 ± 0.8 2 B. Keopaseut C. Fumar
HOT-219 0.69 ± 1.2 1 C. Fumar B. Keopaseut
HOT-217 -0.23 ± 0.56 1 P. Lethaby C. Fumar
HOT-216 0.14 ± 0.44 2 P. Lethaby M. Murphy
HOT-215 0.02 ± 0.51 1 P. Lethaby M. Murphy
HOT-214 0.02 ± 0.62 2 P. Lethaby M. Murphy
HOT-213 0.95 ± 0.57 1 P. Lethaby I. Hawkins
HOT-212 -0.74 ± 0.48 1 P. Lethaby I. Hawkins
HOT-211 -0.19 ± 0.45 2 P. Lethaby I. Hawkins
HOT-210 -0.91 ± 0.48 1 J. Smith P. Lethaby
HOT-209 -0.17 ± 0.73 2 C. Shacat P. Lethaby
HOT-208 -0.55 ± 0.44 0 C. Shacat P. Lethaby
HOT-206 0.44 ± 0.53 0 C. Shacat P. Lethaby
HOT-205 -0.37 ± 0.71 1 C. Shacat P. Lethaby
HOT-204 0.74 ± 0.33 1 C. Shacat P. Lethaby
HOT-203 -0.68 ± 0.42 0 C. Shacat P. Lethaby
HOT-202 -0.40 ± 0.53 0 C. Shacat P. Lethaby
HOT-201 -0.68 ± 0.52 0 C. Shacat P. Lethaby
HOT-200 0.37 ± 0.54 3 C. Shacat P. Lethaby
HOT-199 -0.46 ± 0.38 1 C. Shacat P. Lethaby
HOT-198 0.22 ± 0.42 0 J. Smith C. Shacat
HOT-197 0.14 ± 0.43 0 J. Smith P. Lethaby
HOT-196 -0.46 ± 0.61 5 J. Smith P. Lethaby
HOT-195 -0.74 ± 0.79 2 J. Smith P. Lethaby
HOT-194 -0.25 ± 0.77 3 J. Smith P. Lethaby
HOT-193 -0.79 ± 1.71 5 P. Lethaby J. Smith
Note: HOT-218 & HOT-207 were cancelled, no duplicates were collected.
0 5 10 15 20 2534
34.2
34.4
34.6
34.8
35
35.2
35.4
Bottle number
Sal
inity
Figure 3a : HOT−221 Station 2 Cast 4 Salinities. o:primary, + duplicates, − uncalibrated CTD
0 5 10 15 20 25−8
−6
−4
−2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12x 10
−3
Bottle number
Sal
inity
HOT−221 Duplicate − PrimaryMean = 0.00025 St. dev. = 0.00251
* = outlier
0 5 10 15 20 25−3
−2.5
−2
−1.5
−1
−0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2x 10
−3
Bottle number
Sal
inity
Figure 3b : HOT−221 Station 2 Cast 4 Differences from the uncalibrated CTD. o=CTD−primary mean=0.00038182 std dev= 0.00078415
+=CTD−duplicates mean= 0.00028182 std dev=0.00081978
0 5 10 15 20 25−10
−8
−6
−4
−2
0
2
4
6
8x 10
−4
Bottle number
Sal
inity
HOT−221 Duplicate − PrimaryMean = 0.00010 St. dev. = 0.00045
0 5 10 15 20 2534
34.2
34.4
34.6
34.8
35
35.2
35.4
Bottle number
Sal
inity
Figure 3c : HOT−221 Station 2 Cast 4 Salinities. Outliers removed, o: primary, + duplicates, − uncalibrated CTD
0 5 10 15 20 25−10
−8
−6
−4
−2
0
2
4
6
8x 10
−4
Bottle number
Sal
inity
HOT−221 Duplicate − PrimaryMean = 0.00010 St. dev. = 0.00045
November 17, 2010
HOT-221 Salinity Report Page 10 of 12
5. ERICKSEN SALINITY MEASUREMENTS
Twenty extra samples were run during Session 6 for Todd Ericksen (HIGP). Table 7 shows the results of these
measurements. No CTD data was available to plot the bottle salinities against. Four substandard samples, five 221-
standard samples, and one IAPSO were used to ensure the stability of the Autosal during this session. Table 8 shows the
results of these extra measurements. Most of the bottles had wet caps and therefore had dried salt along the rim. This
may be a source of possible contamination.
Table 7: Ericksen Sample Values
Station/Cast Bottle
(#)
Depth
(dbar)
Salinity
(psu)
Notes
1A/001 01 918 34.4746 Cap-wet; salty
1A/001 04 595 34.1948 Very salty cap
1A/001 07 359 34.1208 Cap-wet; salty
1A/001 10 118 35.4068 Cap-wet; salty
1A/001 13 25 35.0375 Cap-wet; salty
1A/002 02 905 34.4940* Cap-wet; salty
1A/002 04 685 34.3544 Cap-wet; salty
1A/002 07 370 34.0928 Cap-wet; salty
1A/002 13 85 35.3976 Cap-wet; salty
1A/002 16 25 34.9978 Cap-wet; salty
CWP/001B 01 1117 34.5169 Cap-wet; salty
CWP/001B 04 700 34.3438* Cap-wet; salty
CWP/001B 07 430 34.1145 Cap-wet; salty
CWP/001B 10 270 34.4297 Cap-wet
CWP/001B 16 25 34.9942 Cap-wet; salty
3B/001 01 1485 34.5768 Cap-wet; salty
3B/001 04 704 34.3440 Cap-wet; salty
3B/001 07 425 34.1177 Cap-wet; salty
3B/001 11 129 35.3206 Cap-wet
3B/001 17 25 34.9957 Cap-wet; salty
* Three attempts
November 17, 2010
HOT-221 Salinity Report Page 11 of 12
Table 8: Substandard and 221-Standard Values for Session 6, with outliers removed
Session 6 Substandard Salinity
(psu)
221-Standard Salinity
(psu)
#1 34.4738 34.4840
#2 34.4740 34.4832
#3 34.4742 34.4836
#4 34.4740 34.4834
#5 - 34.4838
Mean 34.4740 34.4836
6. ROOM TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS
Room temperature measurements were made during HOT-221 salinity measurement run using a Seabird microcat (SBE-
37) placed on a bench in the middle of the room. The instrument was set to sample every 10 seconds. Figure 4 shows the
time series of temperature for the run. Vertical green lines indicate the start of a salinity session with the following
vertical red line indicating the end. Temperature over the course of the run can be seen to remain within the desirable
limits of +1°C and -2°C from the autosal bath temperature of 24°C.
The mean temperature and standard deviation of the HOT-221 run was 23.15°C ± 0.39°C. The temperature can also be
seen to rise from its diurnal low point in the morning at the start of each session. Temperature generally rises throughout
the day to a maximum, followed by cooling during night-time hours when the building is not occupied. The mean
temperature for the HOT-221 salinity run and for each session is shown in Table 9 along with the standard deviation,
minimum, and maximum temperatures.
November 17, 2010
HOT-221 Salinity Report Page 12 of 12
Figure 4. Room Temperature in Lab 427 measured with an SBE-37 during the HOT-221 salinity run. The green vertical
lines indicate the starts of each session and the following red vertical line indicates the end of that session. The mean
room temperature for the whole run is shown with the horizontal magenta line and the mean room temperature for each
session is shown with a blue plus. Desirable limits are shown with black horizontal dotted lines, +1°C and -2°C of the
autosal bath temperature of 24°C. Measurements of substandard are also shown over the course of the HOT-221
salinity run (brown circles).
Table 9: Room temperature session statistics during the HOT-221 salinity run
Session Mean Temperature
(°C)
Standard Deviation
(°C)
Minimum Temperature
(°C)
Maximum Temperature
(°C)
1 23.24 0.39 22.72 23.54
2 23.68 0.28 22.92 23.95
3 23.51 0.15 23.04 23.70
4 23.66 0.18 23.18 23.91
5 23.73 0.11 23.39 23.92
34 34.2 34.4 34.6 34.8 35 35.2 35.4−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−01, cast−01 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.01.01
34 34.5 35 35.5−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−02 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.02
34 34.5 35 35.5−5000
−4500
−4000
−3500
−3000
−2500
−2000
−1500
−1000
−500
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−04 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.04
34 34.5 35 35.5−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−05 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.05
34 34.5 35 35.5−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−06 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.06
34 34.5 35 35.5−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−07 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.07
34 34.5 35 35.5−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−08 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.08
34 34.2 34.4 34.6 34.8 35 35.2 35.4−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−09 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.09
34 34.2 34.4 34.6 34.8 35 35.2 35.4−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−10 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.10
34 34.2 34.4 34.6 34.8 35 35.2 35.4−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−11 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.11
34 34.2 34.4 34.6 34.8 35 35.2 35.4−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−12 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.12
34 34.5 35 35.5−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−13 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.13
34 34.5 35 35.5−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−14 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.14
34 34.5 35 35.5−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−15 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.15
34 34.5 35 35.5−1200
−1000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−16 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.16
34 34.5 35 35.5−5000
−4500
−4000
−3500
−3000
−2500
−2000
−1500
−1000
−500
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−02, cast−17 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.02.17
34 34.5 35 35.5−2500
−2000
−1500
−1000
−500
0
Salinity (psu)
Pre
ssur
e (d
bar)
HOT−221, stat−06, cast−01 (− ctd, o auto)
FIGURE 2.06.01
Top Related