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HISTORY TAKINGIN SURGERY
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History taking
? the key step in surgical diagnosis.
Varies according to the complain
? specific histories
? surgical specialty
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Two types of history in surgical practice:
Out-pt or emergency room history
?specific complaint is pinpointed ? diagnosis
Clerking of pt admitted for electivesurgery object
?to assess that the treatment planned correctlyindicated and pt is suitable for that operation.
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How to take the history ?
Personal information : Age, sex, maritalstatus, occupation, etc
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History should be taken
in the following order: the present complaint (c/o).
History of present complaint.
Elaboration on the system involved.
Systemic enquiry.
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History should be taken
in the following order:e. Past history ? surgical, medical
f. Drug history
g. Family history
h. Social history
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Systemic Enquiry
1. GIT: Appetite, Vomiting, Regurgitation, etc.
Respiratory System ? cough, haemoptysis, Dyspnea.
C.V.S: * Breathlessness, palpations, chest pain
* Peripheral vessels: Intermittent, claudication, rest pain.
Urogenital system: micturition, loin pain supropubicpain.
Nervous system: Tremor, fainting attacks, fits,
weakness Musculor skeletal ? muscle pains, joint swelling
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Commonest complains in
Surgery
Pain
Lump
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The history of pain
- Site.
- Onset.
- Severity ? wake him up, need analgesicsRather than: mild, severe.
- Nature: Buring, stabing, coliky.
- Progression ? - begin maximum, then remains steady.
- steadily increase till maximum then gradualdecline.
- Duration.
- Aggravating and releaving factors
- Radiation.
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The history OF A LUMP
Duration
How discovered
Symptoms ? pain
Changes ? ?in size
Other lumps Any cause ? Trauma
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Physical Examination
General Examination:
- First part ? during taking history ? posture,speech,etc
- vital signs ? pulse, BP, temp
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Examination of the Head and
neck
Eyes
Pupil reaction to light
Sclera jaundice
Conjuction paller
Movement
Exophthalmos Fundoscopy
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Examination of the Head and neck (contd)
Neck
Jugular veins
Trachea
Lymph nodes
Thyroid
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Examination of A LUMP
Position Colour and texture of skin Temperature Tenderness
Shape Size Surface Edge Consistency Pulsatile, compressibility (venous malformations) Reducibility
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Examination of THE ABDOMEN
PREPARATION: Warm and private room
Good light Comfortable cough or bed Exposure: nipple to knee
Get the patient to relax The position of the examiner
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FIG. 16.6THE NAMES OF THE REGIONS OF THE
ABDOMEN
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THE STEPS OF Examination
Inspection Palpation
Percussion Auscultation
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THE STEPS OF Examination
INSPECTION: Shape of abdomen Scars, sinuses & fistulae
Distended veins Lumps Pigmentation
Movement
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THE STEPS OF Examination
PALPATION:Superficial :
Tenderness Rebound Ganding
Deep palpation: Masses Organs
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THE STEPS OF Examination
PERCUSSION:All abdomen spec. over masses
Fluid thrill
Shifting dullness
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THE STEPS OF Examination
AUSCULTATION:Bowl sounds
Aorta and iliac anteries - Bruit
Succusion splash
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THANK
YOU !!!!!
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