HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
By D.KAUTIL REDDY
2210312218
OVERVIEW• What is a computer?• Mechanical computers• Electrical computers• Present day super computers• References
What is a computer?• A computer is a general purpose
device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations.
The Abacus(4th Century B.C)
• In 3000 BC early form of abacus with beads on wires were used in China.
• This device allows users to make computations using a system of sliding beads arranged on a rack.
• The only operational mechanical calculator in the 17th century.
• Mechanical gears, hand-crank, dials and knobs. Other similar machines followed
BLAISE PASCAL’S MECHANICAL CALCULATOR (1623 - 1662)
• Joseph-Marie Jacquard developed a loom in which the pattern being woven was controlled by punched cards.
• The punched cards contain digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions.
Punched card technology(1801)
• In 1833, Charles Babbage moved on from developing his difference engine (for navigational calculations) to a general purpose design
• Analytical Engine was a general-purpose programmable computer, employing punch cards for input and a steam engine for power, using the positions of gears and shafts to represent numbers.
• The marks the transition from mechanized arithmetic to fully-fledged general purpose computation
The Difference Engine(1833) & Analytical Engine (1837)
The Difference Engine(1833) & Analytical Engine (1837)
These marks the transition from mechanized arithmetic to fully-fledged general purpose computation
• The era of modern computing began with a flurry of development before and during World War II.
• Machines such as the Z3, the Atanasoff–Berry Computer, the Colossus computers, and the ENIAC were built by hand using circuits containing vacuum.
Early electronic digital computers
• It was the first electronic general-purpose computer.
• It could add or subtract 5000 times a second, a thousand times faster than any other machine.
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) –(1945)
• Unlike its predecessor the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal, and was a stored program computer.
EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator)-1944
First generation: Vacuum tubes replaced relays
Second generation: Mid 1950's – transistors began to replace tubes
Third generation: Integrated circuit (IC).First microprocessor, the 4004, a chip with all the circuitry for a calculator was madeFourth generation and above: Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) and Networking
Developments in different generations
• Built by China, It is currently the world's fastest supercomputer.
• Made by a total of 3,120,000 computing cores.
• Has a speed of 33.86 PFLOPS which is equalent to 3000 trillion calculations per second
• It will be used for simulation, analysis, and government security applications.
Present day super computer (Tianhe – 2)
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware
• www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000984.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianhe-2• http
://people.bu.edu/baws/brief%20computer%20history.html
• http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/• http://homepage.cs.uri.edu/faculty/wolfe/boo
k/Readings/Reading03.htm
References
QUESTIONS?
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