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1
Chapter 6
High-SpeedLANs
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs2
Introduction
Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet Fibre Channel High-speed Wireless LANs
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs3
Characteristics of High-
Speed LANsFast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Fibre Channel Wireless LAN
Data Rate 100 Mbps 1 Gbps, 10 Gbps 100 Mbps 3.2Gbps1 Mbps 54
Mbps
TransmissionMode
UTP,STP,Optical Fiber
UTP, shieldedcable, optical
fiber
Optical fiber,coaxial cable,
STP
2.4 GHz, 5 GHzMicrowave
Access Method CSMA/CD CSMA/CD Switched CSMA/CAPolling
SupportingStandard IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3
Fibre ChannelAssociation IEEE 802.11
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs7
Frame Transmission on a Bus
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs9
CSMA/CD Operation
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs10
IEEE 802.3 Frame Format
Preamble 7 octets with pattern 10101010, followed by one
byte with pattern 10101011 (SFD) used to synchronize receiver, sender clock rates
Note: IEEE 802.3 specifies that frame length, excluding preamble andSFD, must be between 64 and 1518 bytes. Data is padded to 1500bytes, if necessary, to ensure that the minimum length is achieved.
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11
IEEE 802.3 Frame Format
Addresses:frame is received by all adapters on a
LAN and dropped if address does not match Length:indicates the length of data segment (min.
46 bytes, max. 1500 bytes). Note: in Ethernet thisis higher layer protocol, mostly IP but others maybe supported such as Novell IPX and AppleTalk)
LLC Data: data from next-higher layer protocol Pad: used to fill out data to minimum of 46 bytes FCS:CRC32checked at receiver, if error detected,
the frame is usually dropped
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs12
IP & IEEE 802.3 Framing
Frame Relay Frame Format
ATM Cell Format
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs16
Hubs and Switches
High-Speed Backplane or
Interconnection fabric
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs22
802.3 Ethernet CSMA/CD
Efficiency
Efficiency =1
1 + 6.44( )tpropttrans
the parameter a
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs24
Gigabit Ethernet Example(IEEE 802.3z)
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs 25
Gigabit Ethernet Media Options
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs 26
Ethernet Data Rate - Distance
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs 27
Benefits of 10 Gbps Ethernetover ATM No expensive, bandwidth consuming
conversionbetween Ethernet packetsand ATM cells
Network is Ethernet, end-to-end IP plus Ethernet offers QoS and
traffic policingcapabilities approaching
that of ATM Wide varietyof standard optical
interfaces for 10 Gbps Ethernet
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs 31
Switched Fibre ChannelNetwork
F_Ports
N_Ports
E_Ports
Also:L_Ports &G_Ports
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs 33
Fibre Channel Protocol
Architecture FC-4 Mapping: mappings to IEEE
802, ATM, IP, SCSI, etc.
FC-3 Common Services: multicasting
(multiple ports on one node), etc. FC-2 Framing Protocol: framing,
grouping, flow and error control
FC-1 Transmission Protocol: signal
encoding/decoding scheme FC-0 Physical Media: signaling for
optical fiber, coax, STP
Mapping
Common Services
Framing
Transmission
Physical
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs 34
Fibre Channel Protocol
Architecture
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs 35
Fibre Channel Topologies
Point-to-point no intervening fabricswitches
no routing
Arbitrated loop conceptually similar to
token ring up to 126 nodes SCSI
Fabric, or switched switched connection simple for nodes to manage IP
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs 36
Fibre Channel ApplicationExample
133 Mbps 1 Gbps
33 m 10 kmpoint-to-point
Fiber,video coax,STP
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs 38
IEEE 802.11 ProtocolArchitecture
(PCF)
(DCF)
(1997) (1999)
2.4 Ghz
orthogonal
FDM
6, 12, 24,
36, 48,
54 Mbps
(2003)
IEEE 802.11g)
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Chapter 6 High-Speed LANs 43
Performance Issues inWireless Networks Bandwidth limitation High relative bit error rate (BER) Higher latency User mobility (handoff)
Effects on TCP congestion mechanisms and,therefore, performance and throughput?
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