High Voltage High Voltage Electrical Equipment Electrical Equipment
Failure DiagnosisFailure Diagnosis
Presented by:Spencer Tang & Terence Ng
T&T Inspection & Engineering Sdn Bhd
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 22
High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
Definition of High Voltage (H.V. / H.T.)Definition of High Voltage (H.V. / H.T.)–– According to IEC standard, According to IEC standard,
High voltageHigh voltage is defined as those with more than is defined as those with more than 1000V (>1000V AC) for 1000V (>1000V AC) for alternating current alternating current low voltagelow voltage (50~1000V AC) and (50~1000V AC) and extraextra--low voltagelow voltage(<50V AC) circuits, in the context of building wiring (<50V AC) circuits, in the context of building wiring and the safety of electrical apparatus.and the safety of electrical apparatus.
–– In South East Asia, HV is ranging from In South East Asia, HV is ranging from 1kV (1000V), 3.3kV, 6.6kV, 11kV, 22kV, 1kV (1000V), 3.3kV, 6.6kV, 11kV, 22kV, 33kV, 132kV, 230kV, 275kV, 400kV & 500kV. 33kV, 132kV, 230kV, 275kV, 400kV & 500kV.
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 33
Map of the Map of the AseanAsean
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 44
High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
Characteristic of High VoltageCharacteristic of High Voltage–– Higher voltage required higher insulation level Higher voltage required higher insulation level –– Ability to penetrate insulation material (air, Ability to penetrate insulation material (air,
vacuum, gas, oil, XLPE, PILC, porcelain, etc) vacuum, gas, oil, XLPE, PILC, porcelain, etc) due to deterioration / aging / interruption / due to deterioration / aging / interruption / human error, etc and create short circuit / human error, etc and create short circuit / discharge between phase to phase / phase to discharge between phase to phase / phase to groundground
–– resulting severe facility damage / loss, injury / resulting severe facility damage / loss, injury / deathdeath
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 55
High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
NDT Technology of UltrasoundNDT Technology of Ultrasound–– a method to detect HV fault symptom a method to detect HV fault symptom
(electrical partial discharge (electrical partial discharge –– E.P.D.) from a E.P.D.) from a safesafe distancedistance
–– Provide safeProvide safe accessaccess via structure borne and via structure borne and airborne method without direct expose to the airborne method without direct expose to the live part / component.live part / component.
–– HighlyHighly sensitivesensitive ultrasound instrument ultrasound instrument coupled with coupled with qualifiedqualified inspector will able to inspector will able to detect HV fault symptom (detect HV fault symptom (egeg: corona, : corona, tracking, arcing, mechanical looseness and tracking, arcing, mechanical looseness and etc)etc)
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 66
E.P.D. at 33kV VCB E.P.D. at 33kV VCB –– Cable VOIDCable VOID
Cable insulation void at cable compartment Cable insulation void at cable compartment
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 77
E.P.D. at 33kV VCB E.P.D. at 33kV VCB –– Cable VOIDCable VOID
Cable insulation void at cable compartmentCable insulation void at cable compartment
2007
Jul 2008
Oct 2008
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 88
E.P.D. at 33kV VCB E.P.D. at 33kV VCB –– BusbarBusbar
BusbarBusbar insulation deterioration insulation deterioration –– corona corona partial dischargepartial discharge
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 99
E.P.D. at 33kV VCB E.P.D. at 33kV VCB –– Breaker ContactBreaker Contact
Chemical reaction on conductor Chemical reaction on conductor
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 1010
E.P.D. at 132kV Lightning ArresterE.P.D. at 132kV Lightning Arrester
Internal partial discharge at porcelainInternal partial discharge at porcelain
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 1111
E.P.D. at 33kV Overhead Disc IsolatorE.P.D. at 33kV Overhead Disc Isolator
Airborne detected PD at disc isolator Airborne detected PD at disc isolator suspension clamp suspension clamp –– sharp edges/ sharp edges/ oxidization / deterioration oxidization / deterioration
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 1212
High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
mechanical vibration / looseness in HV mechanical vibration / looseness in HV breaker causes bybreaker causes by–– the resonance of electrical frequency (50Hz / the resonance of electrical frequency (50Hz /
60Hz) or electrical harmonics60Hz) or electrical harmonics–– workmanship issue during on site installation workmanship issue during on site installation
((egeg: tightening / torque, panel and floor : tightening / torque, panel and floor leveling, greasing, etc)leveling, greasing, etc)
–– Operator ignorant or mechanism error (Operator ignorant or mechanism error (egeg: : breaker misalignment, breaker arm bent, breaker misalignment, breaker arm bent, shutter jammed, etc shutter jammed, etc
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 1313
Mechanical vibration / looseness in HV breakerMechanical vibration / looseness in HV breaker
Looseness detected at breaker & Looseness detected at breaker & busbarbusbar
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 1414
High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
Repair urgency on partial discharge Repair urgency on partial discharge detected:detected:–– Rate of deteriorationRate of deterioration–– Location of the PD detectedLocation of the PD detected–– Loading fluctuation Loading fluctuation -- on/off, surge start, peak on/off, surge start, peak
loadload–– Surrounding environment condition Surrounding environment condition –– seaside, seaside,
chemical industry, dusty areachemical industry, dusty area……–– External factors External factors –– animal, human erroranimal, human error……
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 1515
Repair urgency on PD detected
11kV CT flashover during breaker surge 11kV CT flashover during breaker surge start after maintenance due to ignorantstart after maintenance due to ignorant
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 1616
Repair urgency on PD detected
Dusty and salty environment induced Dusty and salty environment induced speedy deterioration at 33kV VCBspeedy deterioration at 33kV VCB
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 1717
Repair urgency on PD detected
High moisture environment induced High moisture environment induced oxidization & chemical reaction oxidization & chemical reaction
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 1818
Repair urgency on PD detected
PD chemical effect on metal panel PD chemical effect on metal panel
Before After
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 1919
Repair urgency on PD detected
Close PD location increase rate of Close PD location increase rate of deteriorationdeterioration
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 2020
Repair urgency on PD detected
External factorExternal factor–– Minor corona partial discharge give way in 7 days due Minor corona partial discharge give way in 7 days due
to road constructionto road construction
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 2121
Repair urgency on PD detected
Client common question to inspector:Client common question to inspector:How long does the PD symptom can last before it How long does the PD symptom can last before it flashover??flashover??
Can we arrange shut down after our production Can we arrange shut down after our production peak time, may be about 6 months later??peak time, may be about 6 months later??
Should we shut down by tonight?? Should we shut down by tonight??
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 2222
Perfect match of Ultrasound and Thermography
Ultrasound (US) Ultrasound (US) –– hear what we cannot hear what we cannot hear; hear; ThermographyThermography (IR) (IR) –– see what we see what we cannot see.cannot see.–– Technology limitation but not weakness.Technology limitation but not weakness.
Integration of US & IR will supplement the Integration of US & IR will supplement the survey findings and produce a better survey findings and produce a better diagnosis result diagnosis result
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 2323
Perfect match of Ultrasound and Thermography
11kV RMU required immediate attention11kV RMU required immediate attention
Sp1:temp 32.0
26.0
39.0 °C
30
35
y
Ar1:max 34.5
26.0
39.0 °C
30
35
y
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 2424
Perfect match of Ultrasound and Thermography
Localizing the fault areaLocalizing the fault area
29.0
40.0 °C
30
32
34
36
38
F LI R Sys tem s
Ar1:max 67.6
Sp1:temp 44.6
25.0
70.0 °C
30
40
50
60
FLIR Systems
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 2525
Perfect match of Ultrasound and Thermography
Localizing the fault areaLocalizing the fault area
27.0
31.9 °C
28
30
Ar1:max 36.1
24.0
39.0 °C
25
30
35
y
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 2626
High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
NDT technology ease the inspector / owner to NDT technology ease the inspector / owner to visualize & localize the faultsvisualize & localize the faults
How is the HV partial discharge look like in our How is the HV partial discharge look like in our visual view???visual view???–– TxTx HV corona ring; HV corona ring;
Ar3:max 30.5
Ar1 :max 40.1
Ar2:max 40.2
19.0
43.0 °C
20
30
40
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 2727
TxTx HV Cable HV Cable -- corona ring partial dischargecorona ring partial discharge
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 2828
TxTx HV bushing partial discharge HV bushing partial discharge
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 2929
TxTx HV bushing partial discharge HV bushing partial discharge
Ar1:max 46.1
Ar3:max 44.3
Ar2:max 49.1
38.0
50.0 °C
40
45
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 3030
Electrical partial discharge effect to plant/climberElectrical partial discharge effect to plant/climber
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 3131
HV flashover
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 3232
High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
To conduct a safe and effective inspection To conduct a safe and effective inspection on high voltage electrical equipment, we on high voltage electrical equipment, we should well understand and aware on:should well understand and aware on:–– The safety measure of the HV equipment to The safety measure of the HV equipment to
be inspected;be inspected;–– Our NDT instrumentsOur NDT instruments’’ strength and limitation;strength and limitation;–– Be observant and sensitive to the onBe observant and sensitive to the on--site site
condition of the HV equipment;condition of the HV equipment;–– ““a careful inspector will live longer than a hero a careful inspector will live longer than a hero
(fool) in HV electrical system(fool) in HV electrical system””
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 3333
230kV GIS230kV GIS
:max 30.8
:max 32.8 :max 30.7
25.0
46.0 °C
30
35
40
45
FLIR Systems
25.0
46.0 °C
30
35
40
45
FLIR Systems
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 3434
230KV GIS 230KV GIS
:max 30.9 :max 32.8
25.5
46.0 °C
30
35
40
45
FLIR Systems
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 3535
3MVA 3MVA PauwelsPauwels TrafoTrafo
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 3636
Ultrasound World VII 2011Ultrasound World VII 2011 3737
High Voltage Electrical Equipment Failure Diagnosis
Glad to share with you,Glad to share with you,
Thank youThank you
Top Related