Helminthology
Helminthic Infections
Helminthic Infections - Classification
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Flatworms – TrematodesTapeworms – Cestodes
Roundworms – Nematodes
Platyhelminthes
Nemathelminthes
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SchistosomaS. mansoniS. hematobiumS. japonicum
Trematodes (flukes)
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Fasciola hepatica.Heterophyes het.
Liver flukesLiver flukesLiver flukesLiver flukes
''Fascioliasis''''Fascioliasis''''Fascioliasis''''Fascioliasis''
Distribution
Fasioliasis occurs in areas wheresheep, cattle and goats are raised asin U.S.A, Great Britain, Ireland,Middle East, Africa, Australia andCaribbean area.
Liver flukesLiver flukesLiver flukesLiver flukes
Fasciola giganticaFasciola giganticaFasciola hepaticaFasciola hepatica
Fasciola giganticaFasciola giganticaFasciola giganticaFasciola gigantica
Fasciola hepaticaFasciola hepaticaFasciola hepaticaFasciola hepatica
SnailsSnails
Water cress is the most
common
source of metacercaria
for man
PathogenesisPathogenesisDiagnosisDiagnosis
Penetration of the livercapsule.
Later complications.
Ectopic fascioliasis.
Halzoun.
TreatmentTreatment
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Early discovery of the disease.
Combined surgical and medicaltreatment
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Bithionol
Praziquantel
Triclabendazole
Nitazoxanide
Fasciolopsis buski:Giant intestinal fluke
Geographic distribution
Fasciolopsis buski:Morphology
5 cm
Fasciolopsis buski:Life cycle
Fasciolopsis buski:Symptoms
Epigastric painNauseaDiarrheaGeneralized edema and ascitis,in heavier infections
Fasciolopsis buski :Diagnosis
SymptomsHistory of eating uncooked waterchestnuts in endemic areasEggs in stool
Fasciolopsis buski:Treatment and Control
Praziquantel is effective
Avoid eating uncooked chestnuts inendemic areasSanitary disposal of sewageElimination of snails
Heterophyes heterophyes
Japan,China,Philippines,Turkey andNile delta region of Egypt
One of the intestinal flukes thatinhabit the small intestine
Heterophyes heterophyes
Heterophyes heterophyes
Heterophyes heterophyes
Definitive hostDefinitive host
IntermediateIntermediate
Reservoir hostReservoir host
Pirenella conicaPirenella conicaPirenella conicaPirenella conica
Heterophyes heterophyes
Infective stage: ????
Stages in the life cycle: Egg-Miracidium-sporocyst-redia-cercaria-Encysted metacercaria
Pathogenesis
Attachment of the flukes to
Mild Severe
Metagonimus yokogawi
Habitat S.I
D.H Man
I.H Melania
libertina
I.S Encysted
metacercaria
Diagnosis
Treatment
Praziquantel.
Niclosamide (Yomesan).
Control
Fishes
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