1. HEALTH SYSTEMS IN NIGERIA Presented by: WINFRED AKPLAGAH
GLOBAL HEALTH
2. OUTLINE Introduction Key health indicators Health needs
Healthcare in Nigeria Service delivery Health financing
3. Introduction Political background Nigeria is a Federal
Republic composed of 36 States, and a Capital Territory, with an
elected President and a Bi-cameral Legislature. The Senate
President is the Head of the Federal Legislature. There is a
National Assembly made up of the Senate and House of
Representatives. At the State level, the Legislature
4. Introduction-Demographics Demographic characteristics
Population (millions) UN, 2012, total 166.6 Population annual
growth rate (%), 2011 2 Crude death rate, 2011 14 Crude birth rate,
2011 40 Life expectancy, 2011 52 Total fertility rate, 2011 5
Urbanized population (%), 2011 50 Average annual growth rate of
urban population (%), 2011 3 Population density (per sq. km), 2010
173.94 Adult literacy rate (%), 2011 61
5. Key Health Indicators Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR), 2011
124 Probability of dying b/n 15&60 m/f per 1,000 pop. 393/360
Total expenditure on health as % of GDP 5.3 Total expenditure on
health per capital (US$) 139 Deaths due to HIV/AIDS, 2012 210,000
HIV prevalence (%), 2011 3.7 Annual no. of under-5 deaths
(thousands) 2011 756 GNI per capita (US$) 2011 1200 Life expectancy
at birth ( m/f years) 2011 52/53 GNI per capita (PPP US$) 2300
7. Health risks Alcohol/drinking Tobacco/smoking Obesity
Sanitation Access to portable water
8. Healthcare Nigerian health system is pluralistic. It
includes orthodox, alternative and traditional health care delivery
systems operating alongside each other. The Government recognizes
and regulates these three systems. A world health report ranked
Nigeria 177 out of a total of 191 countries, on its degree of
responsiveness to healthcare
9. The Nigerian healthcare administration is organized in to
three (3) tiered of Government namely Federal, State and Local.
Health care in Nigeria is administered through three tiers:
primary, secondary and tertiary levels. The primary level is run by
the local government, the secondary by the state, while the
tertiary is run by the federal government (FRN/FMOH, 2000).
10. Organizational Pyramid of the Nigerian Health Services
Structure ADMINISTRATIVE LEVELS SERVICE STRUCTURE PERSON IN CHARGE
Federal Government Tertiary Health Services Federal Ministry of
Health Secondary Health Services State Ministry of Health State
Government Local Government Areas Primary Health Services Private
Sector Private Services Private Providers
11. CABINET National Advisory Council on Health Inter Sectoral
Collaboration Federal Ministry of Health Private sector, NGOs,
Traditional/Faith healersTeaching Hospitals, Federal Medical
Centres State Ministry of Health General Hospitals Local Government
Department for Health Primary Health Clinics and Health Posts
12. Service delivery Nigeria has one of the largest stocks of
health workers in Africa comparable to Egypt and South Africa.
About 60% of the states in Nigeria, provide rural incentives to
health workers that volunteer to serve in the rural areas, while
others make rural service a condition for some critical promotion.
National Youth Service Corps
13. Total health workers and densities in 2008 Categories
Number Density per 1000 population Physicians 55 376 0.37 Nurses
and midwives 224 943 1.49 Dentists and technicians 3 781 0.02
Pharmacists and technicians 18 682 0.12 Environ, and public health
4 280 0.03 Laboratory technicians 22 683 0.15 Other health workers
2313 0.02 Community health 19 268 0.13 Total 351 326 2.32
14. Health financing Health care in Nigeria is financed by a
combination of: Tax revenue from the sale of oil and gas Out of
pocket payments Donor funding Health insurance (private, public,
social and community). The TGHE as % of GDP in 2011 was 5.3 Per
capita GGHE (2012) was US$ 29.2 Per capita THE (PPP int. $) was
139.3 NHIS in Nigeria covers only the formal sector employees
(mandatory). 90% coverage has been
15. NHIS contribution represent 15% of basic salary The
employer pays 10% and the employee pays 5% The package covers the
contributor, a spouse, and four (4) biological children below age
18. Services under the NHIS are: Out-patient care including
necessary consumables. Prescribed drugs. Maternity care up to four
(4) live births. preventive care. Hospital care up to 15 days per
year. Consultations with specialists Eye examinations A range of
prostheses (limited to artificial limbs produced in Nigeria)