HazMat/WMD Awareness Unit 2 slide 1
UNIT TWO
Understanding Hazardous Materials
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Potential OutcomesTRACEM
• Thermal (Fire and/or Explosion)
• Radiological
• Chemical exposure
• Asphyxiation (Oxygen Deficiency)
• Etiological (Biological Hazards)
• Mechanical
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Thermal (Fire and/or Explosion)
• Heat from a fire or the heat released by a chemical reaction
• Extreme cold, such as liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids
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RadiologicalRadiological
Alpha - Most damaging, but least penetratingHazard – InternalShielding – Paper, dead layer of skin, travels 1 to 2 cm in air
+ +
Beta - Small particle; low penetrationHazard - Primarily external, but also internalShielding - Plastic, safety glasses, travels several feet in air
- -
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• Neutron - Highly penetrating• Hazard - External - most external dose due to
gamma• Shielding – plastic, water N
Gamma / X - Highly penetratingHazard - External - most external dose due to gammaShielding - Lead, steel, concrete, thick layers of water
Radiological (cont.)Radiological (cont.)
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Asphyxiation
• Oxygen Deficiency
• Chemical Reaction THE RELEASE OF CERTAIN PRODUCTS (I.E. NITROGEN) CAN DEPLETE THE OXYGEN LEVEL BELOW SURVIVAL LIMITS.
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Chemical
• Toxic or poisonous effects
• Destructive effects from the exposure of the chemical on human tissue
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Etiological
• Bacteria
• Viruses
Bacillus anthracis
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Mechanical
• Debris
• Excessive percussion (Noise)
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Routes of exposure
• Inhalation
• Ingestion
• Absorption
• Injection
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Inhalation
• Nose
• Throat
• Trachea
• Lungs
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Ingestion
• Mouth
• Throat
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Intestines
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Absorption
• Eyes
• Skin
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Injection
• Needles
• Projectiles
• Shards
• Nails
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Exposure to Hazards
• Acute
• Chronic
• Both types of exposures can have acute (immediate) and/or chronic (long term) effects.
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Terrorist Events
• Intentional release
• Secondary devices
• Inflict mass casualties
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Terrorist Chemical Agents• Choking Agents• Blood Agents• Blister Agents• Nerve Agents
The symptoms of these exposures can range from a runny nose to rapid death and are considered to be available to terrorist groups worldwide.
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Emergency Medical Care
Treatment only after emergency decon
“Safety First”
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Emergency Decon
If a rescue is attempted and is successful • the victim and the rescuer should be flushed
with copious amounts of water
• Strip their outer level of clothing • await hazardous materials operations level
responders to arrive
THE RESCUER NOW BECOMES A VICTIM BECAUSE OF UNKNOWN HAZARD
EXPOSURE!!!
HazMat/WMD Awareness Unit 2 slide 20
UNIT TWO TEST
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