HIERARCHICAL COMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART GRIDXiaoxia Zhang
OUTLINE
Cognitive Radio Based Hierarchical Communications Infrastructure for Smart Grid
Hierarchical communciation structure Challenges on the design of communication
architecture Cognitive radio based architecture
Reliable Overlay Topology Design for the Smart Microgrid Network
Microgrid Smart microgrid Overlay topology design for smart microgrid networks
Cognitive Radio Based Hierarchical Communications Infrastructure for Smart Grid
HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE
HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE
Home area network (HAN) - communicate with various smart devices to
provide energy efficiency management and demand response
Neighborhood area network (NAN) - connect multiple HANs to local access point Wide area network (WAN) - provide communication links between NANs
and the utility systems to transfer information
CHALLENGES ON THE DESIGN OF COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE Tremendous data amount - explosive growth of data gathered by smart meters and sensors
- utilities handle 10,780 Tbytes in 2010, 75,200 Tbytes in 2015 Energy sources - balance utility source and renewable energy sources Highly varying traffic - peak hour requires high data rate and more reliable services Interoperability - ensure operation among generation, transmission, distribution and
user networks Quality of service - meter data needs higher priority and QoS, while price data needs
normal priority and QoS Security - computer networks for controlling and monitoring, exposed to attacks
COGNITIVE RADIO BASED ARCHITECTURE
Motivations:
Increasingly intensive radio systems in HAN. CR improves spectrum utilization and
communication capacity to deal with large amount of data.
CR devices could manage context awareness to enable the realization of the heterogeneous network.
COGNITIVE RADIO BASED ARCHITECTURE
COGNITIVE RADIO BASED HAN
HGW: cognitive home gateway used to transmit data and manage spectrum band.
Two components: spectrum access controller and power coordinator.
COGNITIVE RADIO BASED NAN NGW allocates spectrum bands to HGWs. Guard channel strategy: some reserved channels for
handoff for both PUs and SUs to guarantee QoS. Pd: dropping prob. Pb: blocking prob. NG: guard channal NC: common channel
COGNITIVE RADIO BASED WAN/NAN
A WAN has K NANs.
Reliable Overlay Topology Design for the Smart Microgrid Network
MICROGRID Small-scale, self-contained medium/low power system. Distributed generators (DG), controllable loads, small-
scale combined heat and power units (CHP) and distributed storage (DS).
Two operation modes: grid-conected and islanded.
SMART MICROGRID
Less transmission loss and less cable loss Reduce carbon emission Fault isolation in case of a failure or attack Ease of DG handling Energy trading among microgrids (future) SMGs can form a network SMGN to maximize
the utilization of renewable energy resources.
OVERLAY TOPOLOGY DESIGN FOR SMGN
Target survivability (stay in working condition in
case of a failure) utilization of the renewable resources more
effectively
Method Form clusters in a SMGN
OVERLAY TOPOLOGY DESIGN FOR SMGN
Step1: Cluster SMGs. SMGN: G(t)={V,E(t)} where V is the set of
SMG and E(t) is set of logical links among SMGs. |V|=N.
Link between two SMGs (u,v)€E(t) means u and v can share the storage bank.
is binary, 1 if and only if SMG i and SMG j are on the same cluster.
Survivability for Cluster r
OVERLAY TOPOLOGY DESIGN FOR SMGN
Step2: Find a Hamiltonian cycle in each cluster.
SIMULATION RESULT
Questions and Discussion?
Thank you!
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